:: Metric Spaces as Topological Spaces - Fundamental Concepts
:: by Agata Darmochwa{\l} and Yatsuka Nakamura
::
:: Received November 21, 1991
:: Copyright (c) 1991 Association of Mizar Users


begin

theorem :: TOPMETR:1
for T being TopStruct
for F being Subset-Family of T holds
( F is Cover of T iff the carrier of T c= union F ) by SETFAM_1:def 12;

theorem :: TOPMETR:2
canceled;

theorem :: TOPMETR:3
for T being non empty TopSpace
for A being non empty SubSpace of T st T is T_2 holds
A is T_2
proof end;

theorem Th4: :: TOPMETR:4
for T being TopSpace
for A, B being SubSpace of T st the carrier of A c= the carrier of B holds
A is SubSpace of B
proof end;

theorem Th5: :: TOPMETR:5
for T being non empty TopSpace
for P, Q being Subset of T holds
( T | P is SubSpace of T | (P \/ Q) & T | Q is SubSpace of T | (P \/ Q) )
proof end;

theorem :: TOPMETR:6
for T being non empty TopSpace
for p being Point of T
for P being non empty Subset of T st p in P holds
for Q being a_neighborhood of p
for p9 being Point of (T | P)
for Q9 being Subset of (T | P) st Q9 = Q /\ P & p9 = p holds
Q9 is a_neighborhood of p9
proof end;

theorem :: TOPMETR:7
canceled;

theorem :: TOPMETR:8
canceled;

theorem :: TOPMETR:9
for A, B being TopSpace
for f being Function of A,B
for C being Subset of B st f is continuous holds
for h being Function of A,(B | C) st h = f holds
h is continuous
proof end;

theorem :: TOPMETR:10
for X being TopStruct
for Y being non empty TopStruct
for K0 being Subset of X
for f being Function of X,Y
for g being Function of (X | K0),Y st f is continuous & g = f | K0 holds
g is continuous
proof end;

Lm1: for M being MetrSpace holds MetrStruct(# the carrier of M, the distance of M #) is MetrSpace
proof end;

definition
let M be MetrSpace;
mode SubSpace of M -> MetrSpace means :Def1: :: TOPMETR:def 1
( the carrier of it c= the carrier of M & ( for x, y being Point of it holds the distance of it . (x,y) = the distance of M . (x,y) ) );
existence
ex b1 being MetrSpace st
( the carrier of b1 c= the carrier of M & ( for x, y being Point of b1 holds the distance of b1 . (x,y) = the distance of M . (x,y) ) )
proof end;
end;

:: deftheorem Def1 defines SubSpace TOPMETR:def 1 :
for M, b2 being MetrSpace holds
( b2 is SubSpace of M iff ( the carrier of b2 c= the carrier of M & ( for x, y being Point of b2 holds the distance of b2 . (x,y) = the distance of M . (x,y) ) ) );

registration
let M be MetrSpace;
cluster strict Reflexive discerning V115() triangle SubSpace of M;
existence
ex b1 being SubSpace of M st b1 is strict
proof end;
end;

registration
let M be non empty MetrSpace;
cluster non empty strict Reflexive discerning V115() triangle SubSpace of M;
existence
ex b1 being SubSpace of M st
( b1 is strict & not b1 is empty )
proof end;
end;

theorem :: TOPMETR:11
canceled;

theorem Th12: :: TOPMETR:12
for M being non empty MetrSpace
for A being non empty SubSpace of M
for p being Point of A holds p is Point of M
proof end;

theorem Th13: :: TOPMETR:13
for r being real number
for M being MetrSpace
for A being SubSpace of M
for x being Point of M
for x9 being Point of A st x = x9 holds
Ball (x9,r) = (Ball (x,r)) /\ the carrier of A
proof end;

definition
let M be non empty MetrSpace;
let A be non empty Subset of M;
func M | A -> strict SubSpace of M means :Def2: :: TOPMETR:def 2
 the carrier of it = A;
existence
ex b1 being strict SubSpace of M st the carrier of b1 = A
proof end;
uniqueness
for b1, b2 being strict SubSpace of M st the carrier of b1 = A & the carrier of b2 = A holds
b1 = b2
proof end;
end;

:: deftheorem Def2 defines | TOPMETR:def 2 :
for M being non empty MetrSpace
for A being non empty Subset of M
for b3 being strict SubSpace of M holds
( b3 = M | A iff the carrier of b3 = A );

registration
let M be non empty MetrSpace;
let A be non empty Subset of M;
cluster M | A -> non empty strict ;
coherence
not M | A is empty by Def2;
end;

definition
let a, b be real number ;
assume A1: a <= b ;
func Closed-Interval-MSpace (a,b) -> non empty strict SubSpace of RealSpace means :Def3: :: TOPMETR:def 3
 for P being non empty Subset of RealSpace st P = [.a,b.] holds
it = RealSpace | P;
existence
ex b1 being non empty strict SubSpace of RealSpace st
for P being non empty Subset of RealSpace st P = [.a,b.] holds
b1 = RealSpace | P
proof end;
uniqueness
for b1, b2 being non empty strict SubSpace of RealSpace st ( for P being non empty Subset of RealSpace st P = [.a,b.] holds
b1 = RealSpace | P ) & ( for P being non empty Subset of RealSpace st P = [.a,b.] holds
b2 = RealSpace | P ) holds
b1 = b2
proof end;
end;

:: deftheorem Def3 defines Closed-Interval-MSpace TOPMETR:def 3 :
for a, b being real number st a <= b holds
for b3 being non empty strict SubSpace of RealSpace holds
( b3 = Closed-Interval-MSpace (a,b) iff for P being non empty Subset of RealSpace st P = [.a,b.] holds
b3 = RealSpace | P );

theorem Th14: :: TOPMETR:14
for a, b being real number st a <= b holds
the carrier of (Closed-Interval-MSpace (a,b)) = [.a,b.]
proof end;

definition
let M be MetrStruct ;
let F be Subset-Family of M;
attr F is being_ball-family means :Def4: :: TOPMETR:def 4
 for P being set st P in F holds
ex p being Point of M ex r being Real st P = Ball (p,r);
end;

:: deftheorem Def4 defines being_ball-family TOPMETR:def 4 :
for M being MetrStruct
for F being Subset-Family of M holds
( F is being_ball-family iff for P being set st P in F holds
ex p being Point of M ex r being Real st P = Ball (p,r) );

theorem Th15: :: TOPMETR:15
for p, q being Point of RealSpace
for x, y being real number st x = p & y = q holds
dist (p,q) = abs (x - y) by METRIC_1:def 13;

theorem :: TOPMETR:16
for M being MetrStruct holds
( the carrier of M = the carrier of (TopSpaceMetr M) & the topology of (TopSpaceMetr M) = Family_open_set M ) ;

theorem :: TOPMETR:17
canceled;

theorem :: TOPMETR:18
canceled;

theorem Th19: :: TOPMETR:19
for M being non empty MetrSpace
for A being non empty SubSpace of M holds TopSpaceMetr A is SubSpace of TopSpaceMetr M
proof end;

theorem :: TOPMETR:20
canceled;

theorem Th21: :: TOPMETR:21
for r being real number
for M being triangle MetrStruct
for p being Point of M
for P being Subset of (TopSpaceMetr M) st P = Ball (p,r) holds
P is open
proof end;

theorem Th22: :: TOPMETR:22
for M being non empty MetrSpace
for P being Subset of (TopSpaceMetr M) holds
( P is open iff for p being Point of M st p in P holds
ex r being real number st
( r > 0 & Ball (p,r) c= P ) )
proof end;

definition
canceled;
let M be MetrStruct ;
attr M is compact means :Def6: :: TOPMETR:def 6
 TopSpaceMetr M is compact ;
end;

:: deftheorem TOPMETR:def 5 :
canceled;

:: deftheorem Def6 defines compact TOPMETR:def 6 :
for M being MetrStruct holds
( M is compact iff TopSpaceMetr M is compact );

theorem :: TOPMETR:23
for M being non empty MetrSpace holds
( M is compact iff for F being Subset-Family of M st F is being_ball-family & F is Cover of M holds
ex G being Subset-Family of M st
( G c= F & G is Cover of M & G is finite ) )
proof end;

definition
func R^1 -> TopSpace equals :: TOPMETR:def 7
 TopSpaceMetr RealSpace;
correctness
coherence
TopSpaceMetr RealSpace is TopSpace;
;
end;

:: deftheorem defines R^1 TOPMETR:def 7 :
R^1 = TopSpaceMetr RealSpace;

registration
cluster R^1 -> non empty strict ;
coherence
( R^1 is strict & not R^1 is empty ) ;
end;

theorem :: TOPMETR:24
the carrier of R^1 = REAL ;

registration
let C be set ;
let f be PartFunc of C, the carrier of R^1;
let x be set ;
cluster f . x -> real ;
coherence
f . x is real
proof end;
end;

definition
let a, b be real number ;
func Closed-Interval-TSpace (a,b) -> non empty strict SubSpace of R^1 equals :: TOPMETR:def 8
 TopSpaceMetr (Closed-Interval-MSpace (a,b));
coherence
TopSpaceMetr (Closed-Interval-MSpace (a,b)) is non empty strict SubSpace of R^1 by Th19;
end;

:: deftheorem defines Closed-Interval-TSpace TOPMETR:def 8 :
for a, b being real number holds Closed-Interval-TSpace (a,b) = TopSpaceMetr (Closed-Interval-MSpace (a,b));

theorem Th25: :: TOPMETR:25
for a, b being real number st a <= b holds
the carrier of (Closed-Interval-TSpace (a,b)) = [.a,b.] by Th14;

theorem Th26: :: TOPMETR:26
for a, b being real number st a <= b holds
for P being Subset of R^1 st P = [.a,b.] holds
Closed-Interval-TSpace (a,b) = R^1 | P
proof end;

theorem Th27: :: TOPMETR:27
Closed-Interval-TSpace (0,1) = I[01]
proof end;

definition
:: original: I[01]
redefine func I[01] -> SubSpace of R^1 ;
coherence
I[01] is SubSpace of R^1 by Th27;
end;

Lm2: for a, b, r being real number st r >= 0 & a + r <= b holds
a <= b
proof end;

theorem :: TOPMETR:28
for f being Function of R^1,R^1 st ex a, b being Real st
for x being Real holds f . x = (a * x) + b holds
f is continuous
proof end;

theorem :: TOPMETR:29
for T being non empty TopSpace
for A, B being Subset of T st A c= B holds
T | A is SubSpace of T | B
proof end;

theorem Th30: :: TOPMETR:30
for a, b, d, e being real number
for B being Subset of (Closed-Interval-TSpace (d,e)) st d <= a & a <= b & b <= e & B = [.a,b.] holds
Closed-Interval-TSpace (a,b) = (Closed-Interval-TSpace (d,e)) | B
proof end;

theorem :: TOPMETR:31
for a, b being real number
for B being Subset of I[01] st 0 <= a & a <= b & b <= 1 & B = [.a,b.] holds
Closed-Interval-TSpace (a,b) = I[01] | B by Th27, Th30;

definition
let T be 1-sorted ;
attr T is real-membered means :Def9: :: TOPMETR:def 9
 the carrier of T is real-membered ;
end;

:: deftheorem Def9 defines real-membered TOPMETR:def 9 :
for T being 1-sorted holds
( T is real-membered iff the carrier of T is real-membered );

registration
cluster I[01] -> real-membered ;
coherence
I[01] is real-membered
proof end;
end;

registration
cluster non empty real-membered 1-sorted ;
existence
ex b1 being 1-sorted st
( not b1 is empty & b1 is real-membered )
proof end;
end;

registration
let S be real-membered 1-sorted ;
cluster the carrier of S -> real-membered ;
coherence
the carrier of S is real-membered by Def9;
end;

registration
cluster R^1 -> real-membered ;
coherence
R^1 is real-membered
proof end;
end;

registration
cluster non empty strict TopSpace-like real-membered TopStruct ;
existence
ex b1 being TopSpace st
( b1 is strict & not b1 is empty & b1 is real-membered )
proof end;
end;

registration
let T be real-membered TopStruct ;
cluster -> real-membered SubSpace of T;
coherence
for b1 being SubSpace of T holds b1 is real-membered
proof end;
end;

registration
cluster RealSpace -> real-membered ;
coherence
RealSpace is real-membered
proof end;
end;