Opposite Rings, Modules and Their Morphisms

Michal Muzalewski

Warsaw University, Bialystok

Summary.

Let $\Bbb K = \langle S; K, 0, 1, +, \cdot \rangle$ be a ring. The structure ${}^{\rm op}\Bbb K = \langle S; K, 0, 1, +, \bullet \rangle$ is called anti-ring, if $\alpha \bullet \beta = \beta \cdot \alpha$ for elements $\alpha$, $\beta$ of $K$ [8, pages 5-7]. It is easily seen that ${}^{\rm op}\Bbb K$ is also a ring. If $V$ is a left module over $\Bbb K$, then $V$ is a right module over ${}^{\rm op}\Bbb K$. If $W$ is a right module over $\Bbb K$, then $W$ is a left module over ${}^{\rm op}\Bbb K$. Let $K, L$ be rings. A morphism $J: K \longrightarrow L$ is called anti-homomorphism, if $J(\alpha\cdot\beta) = J(\beta)\cdot J(\alpha)$ for elements $\alpha$, $\beta$ of $K$. If $J:K \longrightarrow L$ is a homomorphism, then $J:K \longrightarrow {}^{\rm op}L$ is an anti-homomorphism. Let $K, L$ be rings, $V, W$ left modules over $K, L$ respectively and $J:K \longrightarrow L$ an anti-monomorphism. A map $f:V \longrightarrow W$ is called $J$ - semilinear, if $f(x+y) = f(x)+f(y)$ and $f(\alpha\cdot x) = J(\alpha)\cdot f(x)$ for vectors $x, y$ of $V$ and a scalar $\alpha$ of $K$.

MML Identifier: MOD_4

Contents (PDF format)

1. Opposite functions
2. Opposite rings
3. Opposite modules
4. Morphisms of rings
5. Opposite morphisms to morphisms of rings
6. Morphisms of groups
7. Semilinear morphisms

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