:: The Chinese Remainder Theorem
:: by Andrzej Kondracki
::
:: Received December 30, 1997
:: Copyright (c) 1997-2021 Association of Mizar Users

theorem Th1: :: WSIERP_1:1

for x being Complex holds
( x |^ 2 = x * x & (- x) |^ 2 = x |^ 2 )

proof end;

theorem Th2: :: WSIERP_1:2

for x being Real
for a being Nat holds
( (- x) |^ (2 * a) = x |^ (2 * a) & (- x) |^ ((2 * a) + 1) = - (x |^ ((2 * a) + 1)) )

proof end;

theorem Th3: :: WSIERP_1:3

for x, y being Real
for d being Nat st x >= 0 & y >= 0 & d > 0 & x |^ d = y |^ d holds
x = y

proof end;

Lm1: for x, y being Real holds
( ( x >= 0 implies x + y >= y ) & ( x + y >= y implies x >= 0 ) & ( x > 0 implies x + y > y ) & ( x + y > y implies x > 0 ) & ( x >= 0 implies y >= y - x ) & ( y >= y - x implies x >= 0 ) & ( x > 0 implies y > y - x ) & ( y > y - x implies x > 0 ) )

proof end;

Lm2: for x, y, z being Real st x >= 0 & y >= z holds
( x + y >= z & y >= z - x )

proof end;

Lm3: for x, y, z being Real st ( ( x >= 0 & y > z ) or ( x > 0 & y >= z ) ) holds
( x + y > z & y > z - x )

proof end;

registration

let k be Integer;
let a be natural Number ;

cluster k |^ a -> integer ;

coherence
k |^ a is integer

proof end;

end;

Lm4: for a being Nat ex b being Nat st
( a = 2 * b or a = (2 * b) + 1 )

proof end;

theorem Th4: :: WSIERP_1:4

for k, m, n being Integer st k divides m & k divides n holds
k divides m + n

proof end;

theorem Th5: :: WSIERP_1:5

for k, m, n, m1, n1 being Integer st k divides m & k divides n holds
k divides (m * m1) + (n * n1)

proof end;

theorem Th6: :: WSIERP_1:6

for k, m, n being Integer st m gcd n = 1 & k gcd n = 1 holds
(m * k) gcd n = 1

proof end;

theorem :: WSIERP_1:7

for a, b, c being Nat st a gcd b = 1 & c gcd b = 1 holds
(a * c) gcd b = 1 by Th6;

theorem Th8: :: WSIERP_1:8

for m being Integer holds
( 0 gcd m = |.m.| & 1 gcd m = 1 )

proof end;

theorem Th9: :: WSIERP_1:9

for k being Integer holds 1,k are_coprime

proof end;

theorem Th10: :: WSIERP_1:10

for a being Nat
for k, l being Integer st k,l are_coprime holds
k |^ a,l are_coprime

proof end;

theorem Th11: :: WSIERP_1:11

for a, b being Nat
for k, l being Integer st k,l are_coprime holds
k |^ a,l |^ b are_coprime

proof end;

theorem Th12: :: WSIERP_1:12

for a, b being Nat
for k, l being Integer st k gcd l = 1 holds
( k gcd (l |^ b) = 1 & (k |^ a) gcd (l |^ b) = 1 )

proof end;

theorem :: WSIERP_1:13

for k, m being Integer holds
( |.m.| divides k iff m divides k )

proof end;

theorem Th14: :: WSIERP_1:14

for a, b, c being Nat st a divides b holds
a |^ c divides b |^ c

proof end;

theorem Th15: :: WSIERP_1:15

for a being Nat st a divides 1 holds
a = 1

proof end;

theorem :: WSIERP_1:16

for a, b, d being Nat st d divides a & a gcd b = 1 holds
d gcd b = 1 by Th15, NEWTON:57;

Lm5: for a, b being Nat st a <> 0 holds
( a divides b iff b / a is Element of NAT )

proof end;

theorem Th17: :: WSIERP_1:17

for k, l being Integer st k <> 0 holds
( k divides l iff l / k is Integer )

proof end;

Lm6: for a, b being Nat
for k being Integer st b <> 0 & a * k = b holds
k is Element of NAT

proof end;

Lm7: for a, b, c being Nat st a + b <= c holds
( a <= c & b <= c )

proof end;

theorem :: WSIERP_1:18

for a, b, c being Nat st a <= b - c holds
( a <= b & c <= b )

proof end;

Lm8: for k, m being Integer holds
( k < m iff k <= m - 1 )

proof end;

Lm9: for k, m being Integer holds
( k < m + 1 iff k <= m )

proof end;

registration

let fr be FinSequence of INT ;

cluster Product fr -> integer ;

coherence
Product fr is integer

proof end;

end;

definition

let fp be FinSequence of NAT ;
:: original: Sum
redefine func Sum fp -> Element of NAT ;
coherence
Sum fp is Element of NAT

proof end;

end;

definition

let fp be FinSequence of NAT ;
:: original: Product
redefine func Product fp -> Element of NAT ;
coherence
Product fp is Element of NAT

proof end;

end;

Lm10: for a being Nat
for fs being FinSequence st a in dom fs holds
ex fs1, fs2 being FinSequence st
( fs = (fs1 ^ <*(fs . a)*>) ^ fs2 & len fs1 = a - 1 & len fs2 = (len fs) - a )

proof end;

definition

let a be Nat;
let fs be FinSequence;

redefine func Del (fs,a) means :Def1: :: WSIERP_1:def 1
it = fs if not a in dom fs
otherwise ( (len it) + 1 = len fs & ( for b being Nat holds
( ( b < a implies it . b = fs . b ) & ( b >= a implies it . b = fs . (b + 1) ) ) ) );

compatibility
for b₁ being set holds
( ( not a in dom fs implies ( b₁ = Del (fs,a) iff b₁ = fs ) ) & ( a in dom fs implies ( b₁ = Del (fs,a) iff ( (len b₁) + 1 = len fs & ( for b being Nat holds
( ( b < a implies b₁ . b = fs . b ) & ( b >= a implies b₁ . b = fs . (b + 1) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

proof end;

correctness
consistency
for b₁ being set holds verum;
;

end;

:: deftheorem Def1 defines Del WSIERP_1:def 1 :
for a being Nat
for fs being FinSequence
for b₃ being set holds
( ( not a in dom fs implies ( b₃ = Del (fs,a) iff b₃ = fs ) ) & ( a in dom fs implies ( b₃ = Del (fs,a) iff ( (len b₃) + 1 = len fs & ( for b being Nat holds
( ( b < a implies b₃ . b = fs . b ) & ( b >= a implies b₃ . b = fs . (b + 1) ) ) ) ) ) ) );

Lm11: for a being Nat
for fs, fs1, fs2 being FinSequence
for v being object st a in dom fs & fs = (fs1 ^ <*v*>) ^ fs2 & len fs1 = a - 1 holds
Del (fs,a) = fs1 ^ fs2

proof end;

Lm12: for a being Nat
for fs being FinSequence holds dom (Del (fs,a)) c= dom fs

proof end;

definition

let D be non empty set ;
let a be Nat;
let fs be FinSequence of D;
:: original: Del
redefine func Del (fs,a) -> FinSequence of D;
coherence
Del (fs,a) is FinSequence of D

proof end;

end;

definition

let D be non empty set ;
let D1 be non empty Subset of D;
let a be Nat;
let fs be FinSequence of D1;
:: original: Del
redefine func Del (fs,a) -> FinSequence of D1;
coherence
Del (fs,a) is FinSequence of D1

proof end;

end;

Lm13: for a being Nat
for fs1, fs2 being FinSequence holds
( ( a <= len fs1 implies Del ((fs1 ^ fs2),a) = (Del (fs1,a)) ^ fs2 ) & ( a >= 1 implies Del ((fs1 ^ fs2),((len fs1) + a)) = fs1 ^ (Del (fs2,a)) ) )

proof end;

Lm14: for fs being FinSequence
for v being object holds
( Del ((<*v*> ^ fs),1) = fs & Del ((fs ^ <*v*>),((len fs) + 1)) = fs )

proof end;

theorem :: WSIERP_1:19

for v1, v2, v3 being object holds
( Del (<*v1*>,1) = {} & Del (<*v1,v2*>,1) = <*v2*> & Del (<*v1,v2*>,2) = <*v1*> & Del (<*v1,v2,v3*>,1) = <*v2,v3*> & Del (<*v1,v2,v3*>,2) = <*v1,v3*> & Del (<*v1,v2,v3*>,3) = <*v1,v2*> )

proof end;

Lm15: for fs being FinSequence st 1 <= len fs holds
( fs = <*(fs . 1)*> ^ (Del (fs,1)) & fs = (Del (fs,(len fs))) ^ <*(fs . (len fs))*> )

proof end;

Lm16: for a being Nat
for ft being FinSequence of REAL st a in dom ft holds
(Product (Del (ft,a))) * (ft . a) = Product ft

proof end;

theorem :: WSIERP_1:20

for a being Nat
for ft being FinSequence of REAL st a in dom ft holds
(Sum (Del (ft,a))) + (ft . a) = Sum ft

proof end;

theorem :: WSIERP_1:21

for a being Nat
for fp being FinSequence of NAT st a in dom fp holds
(Product fp) / (fp . a) is Element of NAT

proof end;

theorem Th22: :: WSIERP_1:22

for q being Rational holds numerator q, denominator q are_coprime

proof end;

theorem :: WSIERP_1:23

for a being Nat
for k being Integer
for q being Rational st q = k / a & a <> 0 & k,a are_coprime holds
( k = numerator q & a = denominator q )

proof end;

theorem Th24: :: WSIERP_1:24

for a, b being Nat st ex q being Rational st a = q |^ b holds
ex k being Integer st a = k |^ b

proof end;

theorem Th25: :: WSIERP_1:25

for a, d being Nat st ex q being Rational st a = q |^ d holds
ex b being Nat st a = b |^ d

proof end;

theorem :: WSIERP_1:26

for a, b, e being Nat st e > 0 & a |^ e divides b |^ e holds
a divides b

proof end;

theorem Th27: :: WSIERP_1:27

for a, b being Nat ex m, n being Integer st a gcd b = (a * m) + (b * n)

proof end;

theorem Th28: :: WSIERP_1:28

for m, n being Integer ex m1, n1 being Integer st m gcd n = (m * m1) + (n * n1)

proof end;

theorem Th29: :: WSIERP_1:29

for k, m, n being Integer st m divides n * k & m gcd n = 1 holds
m divides k

proof end;

theorem :: WSIERP_1:30

for a, b, c being Nat st a gcd b = 1 & a divides b * c holds
a divides c by Th29;

theorem Th31: :: WSIERP_1:31

for a, b being Nat st a <> 0 & b <> 0 holds
ex c, d being Nat st a gcd b = (a * c) - (b * d)

proof end;

theorem :: WSIERP_1:32

for a, b, f, g being Nat st f > 0 & g > 0 & f gcd g = 1 & a |^ f = b |^ g holds
ex e being Nat st
( a = e |^ g & b = e |^ f )

proof end;

theorem Th33: :: WSIERP_1:33

for k, m, n being Integer holds
( ex x, y being Integer st (m * x) + (n * y) = k iff m gcd n divides k )

proof end;

theorem :: WSIERP_1:34

for k, m, n, m1, n1 being Integer st m <> 0 & n <> 0 & (m * m1) + (n * n1) = k holds
for x, y being Integer st (m * x) + (n * y) = k holds
ex t being Integer st
( x = m1 + (t * (n / (m gcd n))) & y = n1 - (t * (m / (m gcd n))) )

proof end;

theorem :: WSIERP_1:35

for a, b, c, d being Nat st a gcd b = 1 & a * b = c |^ d holds
ex e, f being Nat st
( a = e |^ d & b = f |^ d )

proof end;

:: Chinese remainder theorem
:: Chinese Remainder Theorem

theorem Th36: :: WSIERP_1:36

for fp being FinSequence of NAT
for d being Nat st ( for a being Nat st a in dom fp holds
(fp . a) gcd d = 1 ) holds
(Product fp) gcd d = 1

proof end;

theorem :: WSIERP_1:37

for fp being FinSequence of NAT st len fp >= 2 & ( for b, c being Nat st b in dom fp & c in dom fp & b <> c holds
(fp . b) gcd (fp . c) = 1 ) holds
for fr being FinSequence of INT st len fr = len fp holds
ex fr1 being FinSequence of INT st
( len fr1 = len fp & ( for b being Nat st b in dom fp holds
((fp . b) * (fr1 . b)) + (fr . b) = ((fp . 1) * (fr1 . 1)) + (fr . 1) ) )

proof end;

Lm17: for k, m being Integer holds
( k divides m iff k divides |.m.| )

proof end;

Lm18: for m, n being Integer holds (m * n) mod n = 0

proof end;

Lm19: for k, m, n being Integer st k mod n = m mod n holds
(k - m) mod n = 0

proof end;

Lm20: for m, n being Integer st n <> 0 & m mod n = 0 holds
n divides m

proof end;

Lm21: for x being Integer holds
( ( 1 < x implies ( 1 < sqrt x & sqrt x < x ) ) & ( 0 < x & x < 1 implies ( 0 < sqrt x & sqrt x < 1 & x < sqrt x ) ) )

proof end;

:: Thue Theorem

theorem :: WSIERP_1:38

for a being Nat
for k being Integer st a <> 0 & a gcd k = 1 holds
ex b, e being Nat st
( 0 <> b & 0 <> e & b <= sqrt a & e <= sqrt a & ( a divides (k * b) + e or a divides (k * b) - e ) )

proof end;

theorem :: WSIERP_1:39

for a being Nat
for fs being FinSequence holds dom (Del (fs,a)) c= dom fs by Lm12;

theorem :: WSIERP_1:40

for fs being FinSequence
for v being object holds
( Del ((<*v*> ^ fs),1) = fs & Del ((fs ^ <*v*>),((len fs) + 1)) = fs ) by Lm14;

theorem :: WSIERP_1:41

for k being Integer
for n being Nat st n > 0 & k mod n <> 0 holds
- (k div n) = ((- k) div n) + 1

proof end;

theorem :: WSIERP_1:42

for k being Integer
for n being Nat st k mod n = 0 holds
- (k div n) = (- k) div n

proof end;

Lm4: for i1, i2, i3 being Integer st i1 divides i2 & i1 divides i3 holds
i1 divides i2 - i3

proof end;

theorem :: WSIERP_1:43

for i1, i2, i3 being Integer st i1,i2 are_congruent_mod i3 holds
i1 gcd i3 = i2 gcd i3

proof end;