:: Sequences in $R^n$
:: by Agnieszka Sakowicz , Jaros{\l}aw Gryko and Adam Grabowski
::
:: Received May 10, 1994
:: Copyright (c) 1994-2021 Association of Mizar Users

definition

let N be Nat;
mode Real_Sequence of N is sequence of (TOP-REAL N);

end;

theorem Th1: :: TOPRNS_1:1

for N being Nat
for f being Function holds
( f is Real_Sequence of N iff ( dom f = NAT & ( for n being Nat holds f . n is Point of (TOP-REAL N) ) ) )

proof end;

definition

let N be Nat;
let IT be Real_Sequence of N;

attr IT is non-zero means :: TOPRNS_1:def 1
rng IT c= NonZero (TOP-REAL N);

end;

:: deftheorem defines non-zero TOPRNS_1:def 1 :
for N being Nat
for IT being Real_Sequence of N holds
( IT is non-zero iff rng IT c= NonZero (TOP-REAL N) );

theorem Th2: :: TOPRNS_1:2

for N being Nat
for seq being Real_Sequence of N holds
( seq is non-zero iff for x being set st x in NAT holds
seq . x <> 0. (TOP-REAL N) )

proof end;

theorem Th3: :: TOPRNS_1:3

for N being Nat
for seq being Real_Sequence of N holds
( seq is non-zero iff for n being Nat holds seq . n <> 0. (TOP-REAL N) )

proof end;

definition

let N be Nat;
let seq1, seq2 be Real_Sequence of N;

func seq1 + seq2 -> Real_Sequence of N equals :: TOPRNS_1:def 2
seq1 + seq2;

coherence
seq1 + seq2 is Real_Sequence of N

proof end;

end;

:: deftheorem defines + TOPRNS_1:def 2 :
for N being Nat
for seq1, seq2 being Real_Sequence of N holds seq1 + seq2 = seq1 + seq2;

definition

let r be Real;
let N be Nat;
let seq be Real_Sequence of N;

func r * seq -> Real_Sequence of N equals :: TOPRNS_1:def 3
r (#) seq;

coherence
r (#) seq is Real_Sequence of N

proof end;

end;

:: deftheorem defines * TOPRNS_1:def 3 :
for r being Real
for N being Nat
for seq being Real_Sequence of N holds r * seq = r (#) seq;

definition

let N be Nat;
let seq be Real_Sequence of N;

func - seq -> Real_Sequence of N equals :: TOPRNS_1:def 4
- seq;

coherence
- seq is Real_Sequence of N

proof end;

end;

:: deftheorem defines - TOPRNS_1:def 4 :
for N being Nat
for seq being Real_Sequence of N holds - seq = - seq;

definition

let N be Nat;
let seq1, seq2 be Real_Sequence of N;

func seq1 - seq2 -> Real_Sequence of N equals :: TOPRNS_1:def 5
seq1 + (- seq2);

correctness
coherence
seq1 + (- seq2) is Real_Sequence of N;
;

end;

:: deftheorem defines - TOPRNS_1:def 5 :
for N being Nat
for seq1, seq2 being Real_Sequence of N holds seq1 - seq2 = seq1 + (- seq2);

definition

let N be Nat;
let seq be Real_Sequence of N;

func |.seq.| -> Real_Sequence means :Def6: :: TOPRNS_1:def 6
for n being Nat holds it . n = |.(seq . n).|;

existence
ex b₁ being Real_Sequence st
for n being Nat holds b₁ . n = |.(seq . n).|

proof end;

uniqueness
for b₁, b₂ being Real_Sequence st ( for n being Nat holds b₁ . n = |.(seq . n).| ) & ( for n being Nat holds b₂ . n = |.(seq . n).| ) holds
b₁ = b₂

proof end;

end;

:: deftheorem Def6 defines |. TOPRNS_1:def 6 :
for N being Nat
for seq being Real_Sequence of N
for b₃ being Real_Sequence holds
( b₃ = |.seq.| iff for n being Nat holds b₃ . n = |.(seq . n).| );

theorem Th4: :: TOPRNS_1:4

for N, n being Nat
for seq1, seq2 being Real_Sequence of N holds (seq1 + seq2) . n = (seq1 . n) + (seq2 . n)

proof end;

theorem Th5: :: TOPRNS_1:5

for r being Real
for N, n being Nat
for seq being Real_Sequence of N holds (r * seq) . n = r * (seq . n)

proof end;

theorem Th6: :: TOPRNS_1:6

for N, n being Nat
for seq being Real_Sequence of N holds (- seq) . n = - (seq . n)

proof end;

theorem Th7: :: TOPRNS_1:7

for N being Nat
for r being Real
for w being Point of (TOP-REAL N) holds |.r.| * |.w.| = |.(r * w).| by EUCLID:11;

theorem :: TOPRNS_1:8

for N being Nat
for r being Real
for seq being Real_Sequence of N holds |.(r * seq).| = |.r.| (#) |.seq.|

proof end;

theorem :: TOPRNS_1:9

for N being Nat
for seq1, seq2 being Real_Sequence of N holds seq1 + seq2 = seq2 + seq1 ;

theorem Th10: :: TOPRNS_1:10

for N being Nat
for seq1, seq2, seq3 being Real_Sequence of N holds (seq1 + seq2) + seq3 = seq1 + (seq2 + seq3)

proof end;

theorem Th11: :: TOPRNS_1:11

for N being Nat
for seq being Real_Sequence of N holds - seq = (- 1) * seq

proof end;

theorem Th12: :: TOPRNS_1:12

for N being Nat
for r being Real
for seq1, seq2 being Real_Sequence of N holds r * (seq1 + seq2) = (r * seq1) + (r * seq2)

proof end;

theorem Th13: :: TOPRNS_1:13

for N being Nat
for q, r being Real
for seq being Real_Sequence of N holds (r * q) * seq = r * (q * seq)

proof end;

theorem Th14: :: TOPRNS_1:14

for N being Nat
for r being Real
for seq1, seq2 being Real_Sequence of N holds r * (seq1 - seq2) = (r * seq1) - (r * seq2)

proof end;

theorem :: TOPRNS_1:15

for N being Nat
for seq1, seq2, seq3 being Real_Sequence of N holds seq1 - (seq2 + seq3) = (seq1 - seq2) - seq3

proof end;

theorem Th16: :: TOPRNS_1:16

for N being Nat
for seq being Real_Sequence of N holds 1 * seq = seq

proof end;

theorem Th17: :: TOPRNS_1:17

for N being Nat
for seq being Real_Sequence of N holds - (- seq) = seq

proof end;

theorem :: TOPRNS_1:18

for N being Nat
for seq1, seq2 being Real_Sequence of N holds seq1 - (- seq2) = seq1 + seq2 by Th17;

theorem :: TOPRNS_1:19

for N being Nat
for seq1, seq2, seq3 being Real_Sequence of N holds seq1 - (seq2 - seq3) = (seq1 - seq2) + seq3

proof end;

theorem :: TOPRNS_1:20

for N being Nat
for seq1, seq2, seq3 being Real_Sequence of N holds seq1 + (seq2 - seq3) = (seq1 + seq2) - seq3 by Th10;

theorem Th21: :: TOPRNS_1:21

for N being Nat
for r being Real
for seq being Real_Sequence of N st r <> 0 & seq is non-zero holds
r * seq is non-zero

proof end;

theorem :: TOPRNS_1:22

for N being Nat
for seq being Real_Sequence of N st seq is non-zero holds
- seq is non-zero

proof end;

theorem Th23: :: TOPRNS_1:23

for N being Nat holds |.(0. (TOP-REAL N)).| = 0

proof end;

theorem Th24: :: TOPRNS_1:24

for N being Nat
for w being Point of (TOP-REAL N) st |.w.| = 0 holds
w = 0. (TOP-REAL N)

proof end;

theorem :: TOPRNS_1:25

for N being Nat
for w being Point of (TOP-REAL N) holds |.w.| >= 0 ;

theorem :: TOPRNS_1:26

for N being Nat
for w being Point of (TOP-REAL N) holds |.(- w).| = |.w.| by EUCLID:71;

theorem Th27: :: TOPRNS_1:27

for N being Nat
for w1, w2 being Point of (TOP-REAL N) holds |.(w1 - w2).| = |.(w2 - w1).|

proof end;

Lm1: for N being Nat
for w1, w2 being Point of (TOP-REAL N) st |.(w1 - w2).| = 0 holds
w1 = w2

proof end;

Lm2: for N being Nat
for w1, w2 being Point of (TOP-REAL N) st w1 = w2 holds
|.(w1 - w2).| = 0

proof end;

theorem :: TOPRNS_1:28

for N being Nat
for w1, w2 being Point of (TOP-REAL N) holds
( |.(w1 - w2).| = 0 iff w1 = w2 ) by Lm1, Lm2;

theorem Th29: :: TOPRNS_1:29

for N being Nat
for w1, w2 being Point of (TOP-REAL N) holds |.(w1 + w2).| <= |.w1.| + |.w2.|

proof end;

theorem :: TOPRNS_1:30

for N being Nat
for w1, w2 being Point of (TOP-REAL N) holds |.(w1 - w2).| <= |.w1.| + |.w2.|

proof end;

theorem :: TOPRNS_1:31

for N being Nat
for w1, w2 being Point of (TOP-REAL N) holds |.w1.| - |.w2.| <= |.(w1 + w2).|

proof end;

theorem Th32: :: TOPRNS_1:32

for N being Nat
for w1, w2 being Point of (TOP-REAL N) holds |.w1.| - |.w2.| <= |.(w1 - w2).|

proof end;

theorem :: TOPRNS_1:33

for N being Nat
for w1, w2 being Point of (TOP-REAL N) st w1 <> w2 holds
|.(w1 - w2).| > 0

proof end;

theorem :: TOPRNS_1:34

for N being Nat
for w, w1, w2 being Point of (TOP-REAL N) holds |.(w1 - w2).| <= |.(w1 - w).| + |.(w - w2).|

proof end;

definition

let N be Nat;
let IT be Real_Sequence of N;

attr IT is bounded means :: TOPRNS_1:def 7
ex r being Real st
for n being Nat holds |.(IT . n).| < r;

end;

:: deftheorem defines bounded TOPRNS_1:def 7 :
for N being Nat
for IT being Real_Sequence of N holds
( IT is bounded iff ex r being Real st
for n being Nat holds |.(IT . n).| < r );

theorem Th35: :: TOPRNS_1:35

for N being Nat
for seq being Real_Sequence of N
for n being Nat ex r being Real st
( 0 < r & ( for m being Nat st m <= n holds
|.(seq . m).| < r ) )

proof end;

definition

let N be Nat;
let IT be Real_Sequence of N;

attr IT is convergent means :: TOPRNS_1:def 8
ex g being Point of (TOP-REAL N) st
for r being Real st 0 < r holds
ex n being Nat st
for m being Nat st n <= m holds
|.((IT . m) - g).| < r;

end;

:: deftheorem defines convergent TOPRNS_1:def 8 :
for N being Nat
for IT being Real_Sequence of N holds
( IT is convergent iff ex g being Point of (TOP-REAL N) st
for r being Real st 0 < r holds
ex n being Nat st
for m being Nat st n <= m holds
|.((IT . m) - g).| < r );

definition

let N be Nat;
let seq be Real_Sequence of N;
assume A1: seq is convergent ;

func lim seq -> Point of (TOP-REAL N) means :Def9: :: TOPRNS_1:def 9
for r being Real st 0 < r holds
ex n being Nat st
for m being Nat st n <= m holds
|.((seq . m) - it).| < r;

existence
ex b₁ being Point of (TOP-REAL N) st
for r being Real st 0 < r holds
ex n being Nat st
for m being Nat st n <= m holds
|.((seq . m) - b₁).| < r by A1;
uniqueness
for b₁, b₂ being Point of (TOP-REAL N) st ( for r being Real st 0 < r holds
ex n being Nat st
for m being Nat st n <= m holds
|.((seq . m) - b₁).| < r ) & ( for r being Real st 0 < r holds
ex n being Nat st
for m being Nat st n <= m holds
|.((seq . m) - b₂).| < r ) holds
b₁ = b₂

proof end;

end;

:: deftheorem Def9 defines lim TOPRNS_1:def 9 :
for N being Nat
for seq being Real_Sequence of N st seq is convergent holds
for b₃ being Point of (TOP-REAL N) holds
( b₃ = lim seq iff for r being Real st 0 < r holds
ex n being Nat st
for m being Nat st n <= m holds
|.((seq . m) - b₃).| < r );

theorem Th36: :: TOPRNS_1:36

for N being Nat
for seq, seq9 being Real_Sequence of N st seq is convergent & seq9 is convergent holds
seq + seq9 is convergent

proof end;

theorem Th37: :: TOPRNS_1:37

for N being Nat
for seq, seq9 being Real_Sequence of N st seq is convergent & seq9 is convergent holds
lim (seq + seq9) = (lim seq) + (lim seq9)

proof end;

theorem Th38: :: TOPRNS_1:38

for N being Nat
for r being Real
for seq being Real_Sequence of N st seq is convergent holds
r * seq is convergent

proof end;

theorem Th39: :: TOPRNS_1:39

for N being Nat
for r being Real
for seq being Real_Sequence of N st seq is convergent holds
lim (r * seq) = r * (lim seq)

proof end;

theorem Th40: :: TOPRNS_1:40

for N being Nat
for seq being Real_Sequence of N st seq is convergent holds
- seq is convergent

proof end;

theorem Th41: :: TOPRNS_1:41

for N being Nat
for seq being Real_Sequence of N st seq is convergent holds
lim (- seq) = - (lim seq)

proof end;

theorem :: TOPRNS_1:42

for N being Nat
for seq, seq9 being Real_Sequence of N st seq is convergent & seq9 is convergent holds
seq - seq9 is convergent

proof end;

theorem :: TOPRNS_1:43

for N being Nat
for seq, seq9 being Real_Sequence of N st seq is convergent & seq9 is convergent holds
lim (seq - seq9) = (lim seq) - (lim seq9)

proof end;

theorem :: TOPRNS_1:44

for N being Nat
for seq being Real_Sequence of N st seq is convergent holds
seq is bounded

proof end;

theorem :: TOPRNS_1:45

for N being Nat
for seq being Real_Sequence of N st seq is convergent & lim seq <> 0. (TOP-REAL N) holds
ex n being Nat st
for m being Nat st n <= m holds
|.(lim seq).| / 2 < |.(seq . m).|

proof end;