The Mizar article:

Algebraic Lattices

by
Robert Milewski

Received December 1, 1996

Copyright (c) 1996 Association of Mizar Users

MML identifier: WAYBEL_8
[ MML identifier index ]


environ

 vocabulary RELAT_2, ORDERS_1, CAT_1, YELLOW_0, COMPTS_1, WELLORD1, LATTICES,
      BHSP_3, WAYBEL_0, WAYBEL_3, WAYBEL_6, FILTER_0, LATTICE3, ORDINAL2,
      BOOLE, QUANTAL1, FINSET_1, REALSET1, WAYBEL_4, COHSP_1, WAYBEL_7,
      WAYBEL_1, PRE_TOPC, GROUP_6, RELAT_1, SUBSET_1, BINOP_1, SEQM_3, FUNCT_1,
      YELLOW_1, FILTER_1, SETFAM_1, TARSKI, WAYBEL_8;
 notation TARSKI, XBOOLE_0, ZFMISC_1, SUBSET_1, SETFAM_1, FINSET_1, RELAT_1,
      REALSET1, STRUCT_0, ORDERS_1, TOLER_1, FUNCT_1, LATTICE3, PRE_TOPC,
      QUANTAL1, YELLOW_0, YELLOW_1, YELLOW_2, WAYBEL_0, WAYBEL_1, WAYBEL_3,
      WAYBEL_4, WAYBEL_6, WAYBEL_7, GRCAT_1;
 constructors TOLER_1, ORDERS_3, QUANTAL1, YELLOW_3, WAYBEL_1, WAYBEL_3,
      WAYBEL_4, WAYBEL_6, WAYBEL_7, GRCAT_1;
 clusters STRUCT_0, RELSET_1, FINSET_1, LATTICE3, YELLOW_0, YELLOW_2, WAYBEL_0,
      WAYBEL_1, WAYBEL_2, WAYBEL_3, WAYBEL_4, WAYBEL_6, SUBSET_1, XBOOLE_0;
 requirements SUBSET, BOOLE;
 definitions TARSKI;
 theorems TARSKI, STRUCT_0, FINSET_1, REALSET1, FUNCT_1, FUNCT_2, PRE_TOPC,
      ORDERS_1, LATTICE3, YELLOW_0, YELLOW_1, YELLOW_2, YELLOW_3, YELLOW_5,
      WAYBEL_0, WAYBEL_1, WAYBEL_3, WAYBEL_4, WAYBEL_6, WAYBEL_7, TMAP_1,
      RELAT_1, YELLOW_7, SETFAM_1, XBOOLE_0, XBOOLE_1;
 schemes SUBSET_1, WAYBEL_3, COMPTS_1;

begin :: The Subset of All Compact Elements

  definition  :: DEFINITION 4.1
   let L be non empty reflexive RelStr;
   func CompactSublatt L -> strict full SubRelStr of L means :Def1:
    for x be Element of L holds x in the carrier of it iff x is compact;
   existence
   proof defpred P[set] means ex y be Element of L st y = $1 & y is compact;
    consider X being Subset of L such that
     A1: for x be set holds x in X iff x in the carrier of L & P[x]
       from Subset_Ex;
    reconsider S = RelStr(#X, (the InternalRel of L)|_2 X#)
                                as strict full SubRelStr of L by YELLOW_0:57;
    take S;
    let x be Element of L;
    thus x in the carrier of S implies x is compact
    proof
     assume x in the carrier of S;
     then consider y be Element of L such that
      A2: y = x & y is compact by A1;
     thus x is compact by A2;
    end;
    thus thesis by A1;
   end;
   uniqueness
   proof
    let K1,K2 be strict full SubRelStr of L such that
     A3: for x be Element of L holds x in the carrier of K1 iff x is compact
       and
     A4: for x be Element of L holds x in the carrier of K2 iff x is compact;
      now let x be set;
     thus x in the carrier of K1 implies x in the carrier of K2
     proof
      A5: the carrier of K1 c= the carrier of L by YELLOW_0:def 13;
      assume A6: x in the carrier of K1;
      then reconsider x' = x as Element of L by A5;
        x' is compact by A3,A6;
      hence x in the carrier of K2 by A4;
     end;
     thus x in the carrier of K2 implies x in the carrier of K1
     proof
      A7: the carrier of K2 c= the carrier of L by YELLOW_0:def 13;
      assume A8: x in the carrier of K2;
      then reconsider x' = x as Element of L by A7;
        x' is compact by A4,A8;
      hence x in the carrier of K1 by A3;
     end;
    end;
    then the carrier of K1 = the carrier of K2 by TARSKI:2;
    hence K1 = K2 by YELLOW_0:58;
   end;
  end;

  definition
   let L be lower-bounded non empty reflexive antisymmetric RelStr;
   cluster CompactSublatt L -> non empty;
   coherence
   proof
      Bottom L is compact by WAYBEL_3:15;
    then the carrier of CompactSublatt L is non empty by Def1;
    hence CompactSublatt L is non empty by STRUCT_0:def 1;
   end;
  end;

  theorem
     for L be complete LATTICE
   for x,y,k be Element of L holds
    x <= k & k <= y & k in the carrier of CompactSublatt L implies x << y
   proof
    let L be complete LATTICE;
    let x,y,k be Element of L;
    assume that
     A1: x <= k and
     A2: k <= y and
     A3: k in the carrier of CompactSublatt L;
      k is compact by A3,Def1;
    then k << k by WAYBEL_3:def 2;
    hence x << y by A1,A2,WAYBEL_3:2;
   end;

  theorem  :: REMARK 4.2
     for L be complete LATTICE
   for x be Element of L holds
    uparrow x is Open Filter of L iff x is compact
   proof
    let L be complete LATTICE;
    let x be Element of L;
    thus uparrow x is Open Filter of L implies x is compact
    proof
     assume A1: uparrow x is Open Filter of L;
       x <= x;
     then x in uparrow x by WAYBEL_0:18;
     then consider y be Element of L such that
      A2: y in uparrow x & y << x by A1,WAYBEL_6:def 1;
       x <= y by A2,WAYBEL_0:18;
     then x << x by A2,WAYBEL_3:2;
     hence x is compact by WAYBEL_3:def 2;
    end;
     assume A3: x is compact;
       now let u be Element of L;
      assume A4: u in uparrow x;
      take x2 = x;
        x <= x2;
      hence x2 in uparrow x by WAYBEL_0:18;
      A5: x <= u by A4,WAYBEL_0:18;
        x << x by A3,WAYBEL_3:def 2;
      hence x2 << u by A5,WAYBEL_3:2;
     end;
     hence thesis by WAYBEL_6:def 1;
   end;

  theorem  :: REMARK 4.3
     for L be lower-bounded with_suprema non empty Poset holds
    CompactSublatt L is join-inheriting &
     Bottom L in the carrier of CompactSublatt L
   proof
    let L be lower-bounded with_suprema non empty Poset;
      now let x,y be Element of L;
     assume that
      A1: x in the carrier of CompactSublatt L and
      A2: y in the carrier of CompactSublatt L and
      A3: ex_sup_of {x,y},L;
     A4: x <= x "\/" y & y <= x "\/" y by A3,YELLOW_0:18;
       x is compact by A1,Def1;
     then x << x by WAYBEL_3:def 2;
     then A5: x << x "\/" y by A4,WAYBEL_3:2;
       y is compact by A2,Def1;
     then y << y by WAYBEL_3:def 2;
     then y << x "\/" y by A4,WAYBEL_3:2;
     then x "\/" y << x "\/" y by A5,WAYBEL_3:3;
     then x "\/" y is compact by WAYBEL_3:def 2;
     then sup {x,y} is compact by YELLOW_0:41;
     hence sup {x,y} in the carrier of CompactSublatt L by Def1;
    end;
    hence CompactSublatt L is join-inheriting by YELLOW_0:def 17;
      Bottom L is compact by WAYBEL_3:15;
    hence thesis by Def1;
   end;

  definition
   let L be non empty reflexive RelStr;
   let x be Element of L;
   func compactbelow x -> Subset of L equals :Def2:
     {y where y is Element of L: x >= y & y is compact};
   coherence
   proof defpred P[Element of L] means x >= $1 & $1 is compact;
    consider X being Subset of L such that
     A1: for y being Element of L holds y in X iff P[y] from SSubsetEx;
    set Z = {y where y is Element of L: x >= y & y is compact};
      now let z be set;
     thus z in X implies z in Z
     proof
      assume A2: z in X;
      then reconsider z1 = z as Element of L;
        x >= z1 & z1 is compact by A1,A2;
      hence z in Z;
     end;
     thus z in Z implies z in X
     proof
      assume z in Z;
      then consider v be Element of L such that
       A3: v = z & x >= v & v is compact;
      thus z in X by A1,A3;
     end;
    end;
    hence thesis by TARSKI:2;
   end;
  end;

  theorem Th4:
   for L be non empty reflexive RelStr
   for x,y be Element of L holds
    y in compactbelow x iff x >= y & y is compact
   proof
    let L be non empty reflexive RelStr;
    let x,y be Element of L;
    thus y in compactbelow x implies x >= y & y is compact
    proof
     assume y in compactbelow x;
     then y in {y' where y' is Element of L: x >= y' & y' is compact} by Def2;
     then consider z be Element of L such that
      A1: z = y & x >= z & z is compact;
     thus x >= y & y is compact by A1;
    end;
     assume x >= y & y is compact;
     then y in {y' where y' is Element of L: x >= y' & y' is compact};
     hence y in compactbelow x by Def2;
   end;

  theorem Th5:
   for L be non empty reflexive RelStr
   for x be Element of L holds
    compactbelow x = downarrow x /\ the carrier of CompactSublatt L
   proof
    let L be non empty reflexive RelStr;
    let x be Element of L;
      now let y be set;
     assume y in downarrow x /\ the carrier of CompactSublatt L;
     then A1: y in downarrow x & y in the carrier of CompactSublatt L
                                                             by XBOOLE_0:def 3;
     then reconsider y' = y as Element of L;
       y' <= x & y' is compact by A1,Def1,WAYBEL_0:17;
     hence y in compactbelow x by Th4;
    end;
    then A2: downarrow x /\ the carrier of CompactSublatt L c= compactbelow x
                                                            by TARSKI:def 3;
      now let y be set;
     assume y in compactbelow x;
     then y in {z where z is Element of L: x >= z & z is compact} by Def2;
     then consider y' be Element of L such that
      A3: y' = y & y' <= x & y' is compact;
       y' in downarrow x & y' in the carrier of CompactSublatt L
                                                      by A3,Def1,WAYBEL_0:17;
     hence y in downarrow x /\ the carrier of CompactSublatt L
                                                          by A3,XBOOLE_0:def 3;
    end;
    then compactbelow x c= downarrow x /\ the carrier of CompactSublatt L
                                                            by TARSKI:def 3;
    hence thesis by A2,XBOOLE_0:def 10;
   end;

  theorem Th6:
   for L be non empty reflexive transitive RelStr
   for x be Element of L holds
    compactbelow x c= waybelow x
   proof
    let L be non empty reflexive transitive RelStr;
    let x be Element of L;
      now let z be set;
     assume z in compactbelow x;
     then z in {y where y is Element of L: x >= y & y is compact} by Def2;
     then consider z' be Element of L such that
      A1: z' = z & x >= z' & z' is compact;
       z' << z' by A1,WAYBEL_3:def 2;
     then z' << x by A1,WAYBEL_3:2;
     hence z in waybelow x by A1,WAYBEL_3:7;
    end;
    hence thesis by TARSKI:def 3;
   end;

  definition
   let L be non empty lower-bounded reflexive antisymmetric RelStr;
   let x be Element of L;
   cluster compactbelow x -> non empty;
   coherence
   proof
    A1: x >= Bottom L by YELLOW_0:44;
      Bottom L is compact by WAYBEL_3:15;
    then Bottom L in {y where y is Element of L: x >= y & y is compact} by A1;
    hence compactbelow x is non empty by Def2;
   end;
  end;

begin :: Algebraic Lattices

  definition
   let L be non empty reflexive RelStr;
   attr L is satisfying_axiom_K means :Def3:
    for x be Element of L holds x = sup compactbelow x;
  end;

  definition :: DEFINITION 4.4
   let L be non empty reflexive RelStr;
   attr L is algebraic means :Def4:
    (for x being Element of L holds compactbelow x is non empty directed) &
    L is up-complete satisfying_axiom_K;
  end;

  theorem Th7:  :: PROPOSITION 4.5
   for L be LATTICE holds
    L is algebraic iff
     ( L is continuous & for x,y be Element of L st x << y
        ex k be Element of L st k in the carrier of CompactSublatt L &
         x <= k & k <= y )
   proof
    let L be LATTICE;
    thus L is algebraic implies ( L is continuous & for x,y be Element of L
     st x << y ex k be Element of L st k in the carrier of CompactSublatt L &
      x <= k & k <= y )
    proof
     assume A1: L is algebraic;
     then A2:
      (for x being Element of L holds compactbelow x is non empty directed) &
      L is up-complete satisfying_axiom_K by Def4;
       now let x be Element of L;
      A3: compactbelow x is non empty directed by A1,Def4;
      then A4: ex_sup_of compactbelow x,L by A2,WAYBEL_0:75;
      A5: compactbelow x c= waybelow x by Th6;
      consider s be set such that
       A6: s in compactbelow x by A3,XBOOLE_0:def 1;
      A7: ex_sup_of waybelow x,L by A2,A5,A6,WAYBEL_0:75;
      then sup compactbelow x <= sup waybelow x by A4,A5,YELLOW_0:34;
      then A8: x <= sup waybelow x by A2,Def3;
        waybelow x is_<=_than x by WAYBEL_3:9;
      then sup waybelow x <= x by A7,YELLOW_0:def 9;
      hence x = sup waybelow x by A8,ORDERS_1:25;
     end;
     then A9: L is satisfying_axiom_of_approximation by WAYBEL_3:def 5;
       for x be Element of L holds waybelow x is non empty directed
     proof
      let x be Element of L;
        compactbelow x is non empty by A1,Def4;
      then consider s be set such that
       A10: s in compactbelow x by XBOOLE_0:def 1;
        compactbelow x c= waybelow x by Th6;
      hence waybelow x is non empty directed by A10;
     end;
     hence L is continuous by A2,A9,WAYBEL_3:def 6;
     let x,y be Element of L;
     assume A11: x << y;
     reconsider D = compactbelow y as non empty directed Subset of L by A1,Def4
;
       y = sup D by A2,Def3;
     then consider d being Element of L such that
      A12: d in D & x <= d by A11,WAYBEL_3:def 1;
     take d;
       d is compact by A12,Th4;
     hence d in the carrier of CompactSublatt L by Def1;
     thus x <= d & d <= y by A12,Th4;
    end;
     assume that
      A13: L is continuous and
      A14: for x,y be Element of L st x << y
       ex k be Element of L st k in the carrier of CompactSublatt L &
        x <= k & k <= y;
      A15: L is up-complete by A13,WAYBEL_3:def 6;
      A16: for x be Element of L holds compactbelow x is non empty directed
      proof
       let x be Element of L;
       A17: waybelow x is non empty directed by A13,WAYBEL_3:def 6;
         now let Y be finite Subset of compactbelow x;
          compactbelow x c= waybelow x by Th6;
        then Y is finite Subset of waybelow x by XBOOLE_1:1;
        then consider b be Element of L such that
         A18: b in waybelow x & b is_>=_than Y by A17,WAYBEL_0:1;
          b << x by A18,WAYBEL_3:7;
        then consider c be Element of L such that
         A19: c in the carrier of CompactSublatt L & b <= c & c <= x by A14;
        take c;
          c is compact by A19,Def1;
        hence c in compactbelow x by A19,Th4;
        thus c is_>=_than Y by A18,A19,YELLOW_0:4;
       end;
       hence compactbelow x is non empty directed by WAYBEL_0:1;
      end;
        now let x be Element of L;
         L is satisfying_axiom_of_approximation by A13,WAYBEL_3:def 6;
       then A20: x = sup waybelow x by WAYBEL_3:def 5;
         compactbelow x is non empty by A16;
       then consider s be set such that
        A21: s in compactbelow x by XBOOLE_0:def 1;
         compactbelow x c= waybelow x by Th6;
       then A22: ex_sup_of waybelow x,L by A15,A21,WAYBEL_0:75;
         now let z be Element of L;
        thus z is_>=_than waybelow x implies
         z is_>=_than compactbelow x
        proof
         assume A23: z is_>=_than waybelow x;
           now let d be Element of L;
          assume d in compactbelow x;
          then A24: d <= x & d is compact by Th4;
          then d << d by WAYBEL_3:def 2;
          then d << x by A24,WAYBEL_3:2;
          then d in waybelow x by WAYBEL_3:7;
          hence d <= z by A23,LATTICE3:def 9;
         end;
         hence z is_>=_than compactbelow x by LATTICE3:def 9;
        end;
        thus z is_>=_than compactbelow x implies
         z is_>=_than waybelow x
        proof
         assume A25: z is_>=_than compactbelow x;
           now let d be Element of L;
          assume d in waybelow x;
          then d << x by WAYBEL_3:7;
          then consider k be Element of L such that
           A26: k in the carrier of CompactSublatt L & d <= k & k <= x by A14;
            k is compact by A26,Def1;
          then k in compactbelow x by A26,Th4;
          then k <= z by A25,LATTICE3:def 9;
          hence d <= z by A26,ORDERS_1:26;
         end;
         hence z is_>=_than waybelow x by LATTICE3:def 9;
        end;
       end;
       hence x = sup compactbelow x by A20,A22,YELLOW_0:47;
      end;
      then L is satisfying_axiom_K by Def3;
      hence L is algebraic by A15,A16,Def4;
   end;

  definition
   cluster algebraic -> continuous LATTICE;
   coherence by Th7;
  end;

  definition
   cluster algebraic ->
                 up-complete satisfying_axiom_K (non empty reflexive RelStr);
   coherence by Def4;
  end;

  definition
   let L be non empty with_suprema Poset;
   cluster CompactSublatt L -> join-inheriting;
   coherence
   proof
      now let x,y be Element of L;
     assume that
      A1: x in the carrier of CompactSublatt L and
      A2: y in the carrier of CompactSublatt L and
      A3: ex_sup_of {x,y},L;
     A4: x <= x "\/" y & y <= x "\/" y by A3,YELLOW_0:18;
       x is compact & y is compact by A1,A2,Def1;
     then x << x & y << y by WAYBEL_3:def 2;
     then x << x "\/" y & y << x "\/" y by A4,WAYBEL_3:2;
     then x "\/" y << x "\/" y by WAYBEL_3:3;
     then x "\/" y is compact by WAYBEL_3:def 2;
     then sup {x,y} is compact by YELLOW_0:41;
     hence sup {x,y} in the carrier of CompactSublatt L by Def1;
    end;
    hence CompactSublatt L is join-inheriting by YELLOW_0:def 17;
   end;
  end;

  definition
   let L be non empty reflexive RelStr;
   attr L is arithmetic means :Def5:
    L is algebraic & CompactSublatt L is meet-inheriting;
  end;

begin :: Arithmetic Lattices

  definition
   cluster arithmetic -> algebraic LATTICE;
   coherence by Def5;
  end;

  definition
   cluster trivial -> arithmetic LATTICE;
   coherence
   proof
    let L be LATTICE;
    assume L is trivial;
    then reconsider L' = L as trivial LATTICE;
      for x,y be Element of L' st x << y
     ex k be Element of L' st k in the carrier of CompactSublatt L' &
      x <= k & k <= y
    proof
     let x,y be Element of L';
     A1: x = y by REALSET1:def 20;
     assume A2: x << y;
     take k = x;
       k is compact by A1,A2,WAYBEL_3:def 2;
     hence k in the carrier of CompactSublatt L' by Def1;
     thus x <= k & k <= y by REALSET1:def 20;
    end;
    then A3: L' is algebraic by Th7;
      for z,v be Element of L' st
     (z in the carrier of CompactSublatt L' &
      v in the carrier of CompactSublatt L' &
      ex_inf_of {z,v},L' ) holds inf {z,v} in the carrier of CompactSublatt L'
                                                         by REALSET1:def 20;
    then CompactSublatt L' is meet-inheriting by YELLOW_0:def 16;
    hence thesis by A3,Def5;
   end;
  end;

  definition
   cluster trivial strict LATTICE;
   existence
   proof
    consider B be strict trivial (non empty reflexive RelStr);
    take B;
    thus thesis;
   end;
  end;

  theorem Th8:
   for L1,L2 be non empty reflexive antisymmetric RelStr
      st the RelStr of L1 = the RelStr of L2 & L1 is up-complete
   for x1,y1 be Element of L1
   for x2,y2 be Element of L2 st x1 = x2 & y1 = y2 & x1 << y1 holds
    x2 << y2
   proof
    let L1,L2 be non empty reflexive antisymmetric RelStr;
    assume that
     A1: the RelStr of L1 = the RelStr of L2 and
     A2: L1 is up-complete;
    let x1,y1 be Element of L1;
    let x2,y2 be Element of L2;
    assume that
     A3: x1 = x2 and
     A4: y1 = y2 and
     A5: x1 << y1;
      now let D2 be non empty directed Subset of L2;
     reconsider D1 = D2 as Subset of L1 by A1;
     reconsider D1 as non empty directed Subset of L1 by A1,WAYBEL_0:3;
     assume A6: y2 <= sup D2;
       ex_sup_of D1,L1 by A2,WAYBEL_0:75;
     then sup D1 = sup D2 by A1,YELLOW_0:26;
     then y1 <= sup D1 by A1,A4,A6,YELLOW_0:1;
     then consider d1 be Element of L1 such that
      A7: d1 in D1 and
      A8: x1 <= d1 by A5,WAYBEL_3:def 1;
     reconsider d2 = d1 as Element of L2 by A1;
     take d2;
     thus d2 in D2 by A7;
     thus x2 <= d2 by A1,A3,A8,YELLOW_0:1;
    end;
    hence x2 << y2 by WAYBEL_3:def 1;
   end;

  theorem Th9:
   for L1,L2 be non empty reflexive antisymmetric RelStr
      st the RelStr of L1 = the RelStr of L2 & L1 is up-complete
   for x be Element of L1
   for y be Element of L2 st x = y & x is compact holds
    y is compact
   proof
    let L1,L2 be non empty reflexive antisymmetric RelStr;
    assume that
     A1: the RelStr of L1 = the RelStr of L2 and
     A2: L1 is up-complete;
    let x be Element of L1;
    let y be Element of L2;
    assume that
     A3: x = y and
     A4: x is compact;
      x << x by A4,WAYBEL_3:def 2;
    then y << y by A1,A2,A3,Th8;
    hence y is compact by WAYBEL_3:def 2;
   end;

  theorem Th10:
   for L1,L2 be up-complete (non empty reflexive antisymmetric RelStr)
      st the RelStr of L1 = the RelStr of L2
   for x be Element of L1
   for y be Element of L2 st x = y holds
    compactbelow x = compactbelow y
   proof
    let L1,L2 be up-complete (non empty reflexive antisymmetric RelStr);
    assume A1: the RelStr of L1 = the RelStr of L2;
    let x be Element of L1;
    let y be Element of L2;
    assume A2: x = y;
      now let z be set;
     assume A3: z in compactbelow x;
     then reconsider z1 = z as Element of L1;
     reconsider z2 = z1 as Element of L2 by A1;
       z1 <= x & z1 is compact by A3,Th4;
     then z2 <= y & z2 is compact by A1,A2,Th9,YELLOW_0:1;
     hence z in compactbelow y by Th4;
    end;
    then A4: compactbelow x c= compactbelow y by TARSKI:def 3;
      now let z be set;
     assume A5: z in compactbelow y;
     then reconsider z2 = z as Element of L2;
     reconsider z1 = z2 as Element of L1 by A1;
       z2 <= y & z2 is compact by A5,Th4;
     then z1 <= x & z1 is compact by A1,A2,Th9,YELLOW_0:1;
     hence z in compactbelow x by Th4;
    end;
    then compactbelow y c= compactbelow x by TARSKI:def 3;
    hence compactbelow x = compactbelow y by A4,XBOOLE_0:def 10;
   end;

  theorem Th11:
   for L1,L2 be RelStr
    st the RelStr of L1 = the RelStr of L2 & L1 is non empty
    holds L2 is non empty
   proof
    let L1,L2 be RelStr;
    assume that
     A1: the RelStr of L1 = the RelStr of L2 and
     A2: L1 is non empty;
      the carrier of L1 is non empty by A2,STRUCT_0:def 1;
    then consider x be set such that
     A3: x in the carrier of L1 by XBOOLE_0:def 1;
    thus L2 is non empty by A1,A3,STRUCT_0:def 1;
   end;

  theorem Th12:
   for L1,L2 be non empty RelStr
    st the RelStr of L1 = the RelStr of L2 & L1 is reflexive
    holds L2 is reflexive
   proof
    let L1,L2 be non empty RelStr;
    assume that
     A1: the RelStr of L1 = the RelStr of L2 and
     A2: L1 is reflexive;
      now let x be Element of L2;
     reconsider x' = x as Element of L1 by A1;
       x' <= x' by A2,YELLOW_0:def 1;
     hence x <= x by A1,YELLOW_0:1;
    end;
    hence L2 is reflexive by YELLOW_0:def 1;
   end;

  theorem Th13:
   for L1,L2 be RelStr
    st the RelStr of L1 = the RelStr of L2 & L1 is transitive
    holds L2 is transitive
   proof
    let L1,L2 be RelStr;
    assume that
     A1: the RelStr of L1 = the RelStr of L2 and
     A2: L1 is transitive;
      now let x,y,z be Element of L2;
     reconsider x' = x , y' = y , z' = z as Element of L1 by A1;
     assume x <= y & y <= z;
     then x' <= y' & y' <= z' by A1,YELLOW_0:1;
     then x' <= z' by A2,YELLOW_0:def 2;
     hence x <= z by A1,YELLOW_0:1;
    end;
    hence L2 is transitive by YELLOW_0:def 2;
   end;

  theorem Th14:
   for L1,L2 be RelStr
    st the RelStr of L1 = the RelStr of L2 & L1 is antisymmetric
    holds L2 is antisymmetric
   proof
    let L1,L2 be RelStr;
    assume that
     A1: the RelStr of L1 = the RelStr of L2 and
     A2: L1 is antisymmetric;
      now let x,y be Element of L2;
     reconsider x' = x , y' = y as Element of L1 by A1;
     assume x <= y & y <= x;
     then x' <= y' & y' <= x' by A1,YELLOW_0:1;
     hence x = y by A2,YELLOW_0:def 3;
    end;
    hence L2 is antisymmetric by YELLOW_0:def 3;
   end;

  theorem Th15:
   for L1,L2 be non empty reflexive RelStr
    st the RelStr of L1 = the RelStr of L2 & L1 is up-complete
    holds L2 is up-complete
   proof
    let L1,L2 be non empty reflexive RelStr;
    assume that
     A1: the RelStr of L1 = the RelStr of L2 and
     A2: L1 is up-complete;
      now let X be non empty directed Subset of L2;
     reconsider X' = X as Subset of L1 by A1;
     reconsider X' as non empty directed Subset of L1 by A1,WAYBEL_0:3;
     consider x' be Element of L1 such that
      A3: x' is_>=_than X' and
      A4: for y' be Element of L1 st y' is_>=_than X' holds x' <= y'
                                                      by A2,WAYBEL_0:def 39;
     reconsider x = x' as Element of L2 by A1;
     take x;
     thus x is_>=_than X by A1,A3,YELLOW_0:2;
     let y be Element of L2 such that
      A5: y is_>=_than X;
     reconsider y' = y as Element of L1 by A1;
       y' is_>=_than X' by A1,A5,YELLOW_0:2;
     then x' <= y' by A4;
     hence x <= y by A1,YELLOW_0:1;
    end;
    hence L2 is up-complete by WAYBEL_0:def 39;
   end;

  theorem Th16:
   for L1,L2 be up-complete (non empty reflexive antisymmetric RelStr)
    st the RelStr of L1 = the RelStr of L2 & L1 is satisfying_axiom_K &
     for x be Element of L1 holds compactbelow x is non empty directed
    holds L2 is satisfying_axiom_K
   proof
    let L1,L2 be up-complete (non empty reflexive antisymmetric RelStr);
    assume that
     A1: the RelStr of L1 = the RelStr of L2 and
     A2: L1 is satisfying_axiom_K and
     A3: for x be Element of L1 holds compactbelow x is non empty directed;
      now let x be Element of L2;
     reconsider x' = x as Element of L1 by A1;
     A4: x' = sup compactbelow x' by A2,Def3;
     A5: compactbelow x = compactbelow x' by A1,Th10;
       compactbelow x' is non empty directed by A3;
     then ex_sup_of compactbelow x',L1 by WAYBEL_0:75;
     hence x = sup compactbelow x by A1,A4,A5,YELLOW_0:26;
    end;
    hence L2 is satisfying_axiom_K by Def3;
   end;

  theorem Th17:
   for L1,L2 be non empty reflexive antisymmetric RelStr
    st the RelStr of L1 = the RelStr of L2 & L1 is algebraic
    holds L2 is algebraic
   proof
    let L1,L2 be non empty reflexive antisymmetric RelStr;
    assume that
     A1: the RelStr of L1 = the RelStr of L2 and
     A2: L1 is algebraic;
    A3: (for x be Element of L1 holds compactbelow x is non empty directed) &
     L1 is up-complete satisfying_axiom_K by A2,Def4;
    then A4: L2 is up-complete by A1,Th15;
    A5: for x be Element of L2 holds compactbelow x is non empty directed
    proof
     let x be Element of L2;
     reconsider x' = x as Element of L1 by A1;
     A6: compactbelow x' is non empty directed by A2,Def4;
       compactbelow x' = compactbelow x by A1,A3,A4,Th10;
     hence compactbelow x is non empty directed by A1,A6,WAYBEL_0:3;
    end;
      L2 is satisfying_axiom_K by A1,A3,A4,Th16;
    hence L2 is algebraic by A4,A5,Def4;
   end;

  theorem Th18:
   for L1,L2 be LATTICE
    st the RelStr of L1 = the RelStr of L2 & L1 is arithmetic
    holds L2 is arithmetic
   proof
    let L1,L2 be LATTICE;
    assume that
     A1: the RelStr of L1 = the RelStr of L2 and
     A2: L1 is arithmetic;
    A3: L1 is algebraic by A2,Def5;
    then A4: L2 is algebraic by A1,Th17;
    A5: CompactSublatt L1 is meet-inheriting by A2,Def5;
      now let x2,y2 be Element of L2;
     reconsider x1 = x2 , y1 = y2 as Element of L1 by A1;
     assume that
      A6: x2 in the carrier of CompactSublatt L2 and
      A7: y2 in the carrier of CompactSublatt L2 and
      A8: ex_inf_of {x2,y2},L2;
     A9: L2 is up-complete by A4,Def4;
     A10: L1 is up-complete by A3,Def4;
       x2 is compact & y2 is compact by A6,A7,Def1;
     then x1 is compact & y1 is compact by A1,A9,Th9;
     then A11: x1 in the carrier of CompactSublatt L1 &
              y1 in the carrier of CompactSublatt L1 by Def1;
       ex_inf_of {x1,y1},L1 by A1,A8,YELLOW_0:14;
     then inf {x1,y1} in the carrier of CompactSublatt L1
                                                   by A5,A11,YELLOW_0:def 16;
     then A12: inf {x1,y1} is compact by Def1;
       inf {x1,y1} = inf {x2,y2} by A1,A8,YELLOW_0:27;
     then inf {x2,y2} is compact by A1,A10,A12,Th9;
     hence inf {x2,y2} in the carrier of CompactSublatt L2 by Def1;
    end;
    then CompactSublatt L2 is meet-inheriting by YELLOW_0:def 16;
    hence L2 is arithmetic by A4,Def5;
   end;

  definition
   let L be non empty RelStr;
   cluster the RelStr of L -> non empty;
   coherence by Th11;
  end;

  definition
   let L be non empty reflexive RelStr;
   cluster the RelStr of L -> reflexive;
   coherence by Th12;
  end;

  definition
   let L be transitive RelStr;
   cluster the RelStr of L -> transitive;
   coherence by Th13;
  end;

  definition
   let L be antisymmetric RelStr;
   cluster the RelStr of L -> antisymmetric;
   coherence by Th14;
  end;

  definition
   let L be with_infima RelStr;
   cluster the RelStr of L -> with_infima;
   coherence by YELLOW_7:14;
  end;

  definition
   let L be with_suprema RelStr;
   cluster the RelStr of L -> with_suprema;
   coherence by YELLOW_7:15;
  end;

  definition
   let L be up-complete (non empty reflexive RelStr);
   cluster the RelStr of L -> up-complete;
   coherence by Th15;
  end;

  definition
   let L be algebraic (non empty reflexive antisymmetric RelStr);
   cluster the RelStr of L -> algebraic;
   coherence by Th17;
  end;

  definition
   let L be arithmetic LATTICE;
   cluster the RelStr of L -> arithmetic;
   coherence by Th18;
  end;

  theorem Th19:
   for L be non empty transitive RelStr
   for S be non empty full SubRelStr of L
   for X be Subset of S st ex_sup_of X,L & "\/"(X,L) is Element of S holds
    ex_sup_of X,S & sup X = "\/"(X,L)
   proof
    let L be non empty transitive RelStr;
    let S be non empty full SubRelStr of L;
    let X be Subset of S;
    assume
     A1: ex_sup_of X,L;
     assume "\/"(X,L) is Element of S;
     then "\/"(X,L) in the carrier of S;
    hence thesis by A1,YELLOW_0:65;
   end;

  theorem
     for L be non empty transitive RelStr
   for S be non empty full SubRelStr of L
   for X be Subset of S st ex_inf_of X,L & "/\"(X,L) is Element of S holds
    ex_inf_of X,S & inf X = "/\"(X,L)
   proof
    let L be non empty transitive RelStr;
    let S be non empty full SubRelStr of L;
    let X be Subset of S;
    assume
     A1: ex_inf_of X,L;
    assume "/\"(X,L) is Element of S;
    then "/\"(X,L) in the carrier of S;
    hence thesis by A1,YELLOW_0:64;
   end;

  theorem  :: PROPOSITION 4.7 a)
     for L be algebraic LATTICE holds
    L is arithmetic iff CompactSublatt L is LATTICE
   proof
    let L be algebraic LATTICE;
    thus L is arithmetic implies CompactSublatt L is LATTICE
    proof
     assume A1: L is arithmetic;
     consider x be Element of L;
       compactbelow x is non empty by Def4;
     then consider z be set such that
      A2: z in compactbelow x by XBOOLE_0:def 1;
       z in {y where y is Element of L: x >= y & y is compact} by A2,Def2;
     then consider z' be Element of L such that
      A3: z' = z & x >= z' & z' is compact;
       z' in the carrier of CompactSublatt L by A3,Def1;
     then CompactSublatt L is
         non empty join-inheriting meet-inheriting full SubRelStr of L
                                            by A1,Def5,STRUCT_0:def 1;
     hence CompactSublatt L is LATTICE;
    end;
     assume A4: CompactSublatt L is LATTICE;
       now let x,y be Element of L;
      assume that
       A5: x in the carrier of CompactSublatt L and
       A6: y in the carrier of CompactSublatt L and
         ex_inf_of {x,y},L;
      reconsider L' = CompactSublatt L as non empty full SubRelStr of L
                                                       by A5,STRUCT_0:def 1;
      reconsider x' = x , y' = y as Element of L' by A5,A6;
      A7: ex_inf_of {x',y'},L' by A4,YELLOW_0:21;
      set X = compactbelow inf {x,y};
        X is non empty directed by Def4;
      then A8: ex_sup_of X,L by WAYBEL_0:75;
        now let d be set;
       assume d in X;
       then d in {f where f is Element of L: inf {x,y} >= f & f is compact}
                                                                   by Def2;
       then consider d' be Element of L such that
        A9: d' = d & inf {x,y} >= d' & d' is compact;
       thus d in the carrier of L' by A9,Def1;
      end;
      then X c= the carrier of L' by TARSKI:def 3;
      then A10: X is Subset of L';
      A11: inf {x,y} = sup X by Def3;
      reconsider c = "/\"({x,y},L') as Element of L by YELLOW_0:59;
        now let z be set;
       assume z in X;
       then z in {v where v is Element of L: inf {x,y} >= v & v is compact}
                                                                   by Def2;
       then consider z1 be Element of L such that
        A12: z = z1 & inf {x,y} >= z1 & z1 is compact;
       A13: x "/\" y <= x & x "/\" y <= y by YELLOW_0:23;
         z1 <= x "/\" y by A12,YELLOW_0:40;
       then z1 <= x & z1 <= y by A13,ORDERS_1:26;
       then z in compactbelow x & z in compactbelow y by A12,Th4;
       hence z in compactbelow x /\ compactbelow y by XBOOLE_0:def 3;
      end;
      then A14: X c= compactbelow x /\ compactbelow y by TARSKI:def 3;
        now let b' be Element of L';
       reconsider b = b' as Element of L by YELLOW_0:59;
       assume b' in X;
       then b' in compactbelow x & b' in compactbelow y by A14,XBOOLE_0:def 3;
       then b <= x & b <= y by Th4;
       then b' <= x' & b' <= y' by YELLOW_0:61;
       then b' <= x' "/\" y' by A7,YELLOW_0:19;
       hence b' <= "/\"({x,y},L') by A4,YELLOW_0:40;
      end;
      then X is_<=_than "/\"({x,y},L') by LATTICE3:def 9;
      then X is_<=_than c by A10,YELLOW_0:63;
      then A15: sup X <= c by A8,YELLOW_0:30;
      A16: x' in {x,y} & y' in {x,y} by TARSKI:def 2;
        "/\"({x,y},L') is_<=_than {x,y} by A7,YELLOW_0:31;
      then "/\"({x,y},L') <= x' & "/\"({x,y},L') <= y' by A16,LATTICE3:def 8;
      then c <= x & c <= y by YELLOW_0:60;
      then c <= x "/\" y by YELLOW_0:23;
      then c <= sup X by A11,YELLOW_0:40;
      then c = sup X by A15,ORDERS_1:25;
      hence inf {x,y} in the carrier of CompactSublatt L by A11;
     end;
     then CompactSublatt L is meet-inheriting by YELLOW_0:def 16;
     hence L is arithmetic by Def5;
   end;

  theorem Th22: :: PROPOSITION 4.7 b)
   for L be algebraic lower-bounded LATTICE holds
    L is arithmetic iff L-waybelow is multiplicative
   proof
    let L be algebraic lower-bounded LATTICE;
    thus L is arithmetic implies L-waybelow is multiplicative
    proof
     assume A1: L is arithmetic;
       now let a,x,y be Element of L;
      assume [a,x] in L-waybelow & [a,y] in L-waybelow;
      then A2: a << x & a << y by WAYBEL_4:def 2;
      then consider c be Element of L such that
       A3: c in the carrier of CompactSublatt L & a <= c & c <= x by Th7;
      consider k be Element of L such that
       A4: k in the carrier of CompactSublatt L & a <= k & k <= y by A2,Th7;
        a"/\"a = a by YELLOW_5:2;
      then A5: a <= c"/\"k by A3,A4,YELLOW_3:2;
      reconsider C = CompactSublatt L as
              meet-inheriting non empty full SubRelStr of L by A1,Def5;
      reconsider c'=c , k'=k as Element of C by A3,A4;
      A6: c"/\"k <= x"/\"y by A3,A4,YELLOW_3:2;
        c'"/\"k' in the carrier of CompactSublatt L;
      then c"/\"k in the carrier of CompactSublatt L by YELLOW_0:70;
      then c"/\"k is compact by Def1;
      then c"/\"k << c"/\"k by WAYBEL_3:def 2;
      then a << x"/\"y by A5,A6,WAYBEL_3:2;
      hence [a,x"/\"y] in L-waybelow by WAYBEL_4:def 2;
     end;
     hence L-waybelow is multiplicative by WAYBEL_7:def 7;
    end;
     assume A7: L-waybelow is multiplicative;
       now let x,y be Element of L;
      assume that
       A8: x in the carrier of CompactSublatt L and
       A9: y in the carrier of CompactSublatt L and
         ex_inf_of {x,y},L;
        x is compact & y is compact by A8,A9,Def1;
      then x << x & y << y by WAYBEL_3:def 2;
      then [x,x] in L-waybelow & [y,y] in L-waybelow by WAYBEL_4:def 2;
      then [x "/\" y,x "/\" y] in L-waybelow by A7,WAYBEL_7:45;
      then x "/\" y << x "/\" y by WAYBEL_4:def 2;
      then x "/\" y is compact by WAYBEL_3:def 2;
      then x "/\" y in the carrier of CompactSublatt L by Def1;
      hence inf {x,y} in the carrier of CompactSublatt L by YELLOW_0:40;
     end;
     then CompactSublatt L is meet-inheriting by YELLOW_0:def 16;
     hence L is arithmetic by Def5;
   end;

  theorem  :: COROLLARY 4.8.a)
     for L be arithmetic lower-bounded LATTICE,
       p be Element of L holds
    p is pseudoprime implies p is prime
  proof
   let L be arithmetic lower-bounded LATTICE;
   let p be Element of L;
     L-waybelow is multiplicative by Th22;
   hence thesis by WAYBEL_7:49;
  end;

  theorem  :: COROLLARY 4.8.b)
     for L be algebraic distributive lower-bounded LATTICE
    st for p being Element of L st p is pseudoprime holds p is prime
    holds L is arithmetic
   proof
    let L be algebraic distributive lower-bounded LATTICE;
    assume for p be Element of L st p is pseudoprime holds p is prime;
    then L-waybelow is multiplicative by WAYBEL_7:50;
    hence L is arithmetic by Th22;
   end;

  definition
   let L be algebraic LATTICE;
   let c be closure map of L,L;
   cluster non empty directed Subset of Image c;
   existence
   proof
    consider x be Element of Image c;
    take downarrow x;
    thus thesis;
   end;
  end;

  theorem Th25:
   for L be algebraic LATTICE
   for c be closure map of L,L st c is directed-sups-preserving holds
    c.:([#]CompactSublatt L) c= [#]CompactSublatt Image c
   proof
    let L be algebraic LATTICE;
    let c be closure map of L,L;
    assume A1: c is directed-sups-preserving;
    A2: c is idempotent monotone by WAYBEL_1:def 13;
    let x be set;
     assume x in c.:([#]CompactSublatt L);
     then consider y be set such that
      A3: y in dom c and
      A4: y in [#]CompactSublatt L and
      A5: x = c.y by FUNCT_1:def 12;
       y in the carrier of L by A3,FUNCT_2:def 1;
     then reconsider y' = y as Element of L;
     A6: x in rng c by A3,A5,FUNCT_1:def 5;
     then x in the carrier of Image c by YELLOW_2:11;
     then reconsider x' = x as Element of Image c;
     reconsider x1 = x' as Element of L by A6;
       y' is compact by A4,Def1;
     then A7: y' << y' by WAYBEL_3:def 2;
       now let D be non empty directed Subset of Image c;
        D c= the carrier of Image c;
      then A8: D c= rng c by YELLOW_2:11;
      then D c= the carrier of L by XBOOLE_1:1;
      then reconsider D' = D as (non empty (Subset of L));
      reconsider D' as (non empty (directed (Subset of L))) by YELLOW_2:7;
      assume A9: x' <= sup D;
        id(L) <= c by WAYBEL_1:def 14;
      then id(L).y' <= c.y' by YELLOW_2:10;
      then A10: y' <= x1 by A5,TMAP_1:91;
      A11: ex_sup_of D',L by WAYBEL_0:75;
        c preserves_sup_of D' by A1,WAYBEL_0:def 37;
      then A12: c.sup D' = sup (c.:D') by A11,WAYBEL_0:def 31
         .= sup D' by A2,A8,YELLOW_2:22;
        c.sup D' = sup D by A11,WAYBEL_1:58;
      then x1 <= sup D' by A9,A12,YELLOW_0:60;
      then y' <= sup D' by A10,ORDERS_1:26;
      then consider d' be Element of L such that
       A13: d' in D' & y' <= d' by A7,WAYBEL_3:def 1;
      reconsider d = d' as Element of Image c by A13;
      take d;
      thus d in D by A13;
       d in the carrier of Image c;
      then d in rng c by YELLOW_2:11;
      then d' in {z where z is Element of L: z = c.z} by A2,YELLOW_2:21;
      then consider z' be Element of L such that
       A14: d' = z' & z' = c.z';
        c.y' <= c.d' by A2,A13,WAYBEL_1:def 2;
      hence x' <= d by A5,A14,YELLOW_0:61;
     end;
     then x' << x' by WAYBEL_3:def 1;
     then x' is compact by WAYBEL_3:def 2;
     then x in the carrier of CompactSublatt Image c by Def1;
     hence thesis by PRE_TOPC:12;
   end;

  theorem  :: PROPOSITION 4.9.(i)
     for L be algebraic lower-bounded LATTICE
   for c be closure map of L,L st c is directed-sups-preserving holds
    Image c is algebraic LATTICE
   proof
    let L be algebraic lower-bounded LATTICE;
    let c be closure map of L,L;
    assume A1: c is directed-sups-preserving;
      c is idempotent by WAYBEL_1:def 13;
    then reconsider Imc = Image c as complete LATTICE by A1,YELLOW_2:37;
    A2: now let x be Element of Imc;
       now let y,z be Element of Imc;
      assume that
       A3: y in compactbelow x and
       A4: z in compactbelow x;
      A5: y <= x & y is compact by A3,Th4;
      A6: z <= x & z is compact by A4,Th4;
      then A7: y << y & z << z by A5,WAYBEL_3:def 2;
      take v = y "\/" z;
      A8: v <= x by A5,A6,YELLOW_0:22;
        y <= v & z <= v by YELLOW_0:22;
      then y << v & z << v by A7,WAYBEL_3:2;
      then v << v by WAYBEL_3:3;
      then v is compact by WAYBEL_3:def 2;
      hence v in compactbelow x & y <= v & z <= v by A8,Th4,YELLOW_0:22;
     end;
     hence compactbelow x is non empty directed by WAYBEL_0:def 1;
    end;
      now let x be Element of Imc;
     consider y be Element of L such that
      A9: c.y = x by YELLOW_2:12;
     A10: compactbelow y is non empty directed by Def4;
     then A11: c preserves_sup_of compactbelow y by A1,WAYBEL_0:def 37;
     A12: ex_sup_of compactbelow y,L by A10,WAYBEL_0:75;
       compactbelow y = downarrow y /\ the carrier of CompactSublatt L by Th5;
     then compactbelow y = downarrow y /\ [#]CompactSublatt L by PRE_TOPC:12;
     then A13: c.:(compactbelow y) c= c.:(downarrow y) /\ c.:
       ([#]CompactSublatt L) by RELAT_1:154;
     A14: c is monotone by A1,YELLOW_2:18;
       compactbelow x is directed by A2;
     then A15: ex_sup_of compactbelow x,Imc by WAYBEL_0:75;
     A16: ex_sup_of c.:(compactbelow y),Imc by YELLOW_0:17;
       c.:(compactbelow y) c= rng c by RELAT_1:144;
     then c.:(compactbelow y) c= the carrier of Image c by YELLOW_2:11;
     then A17: c.:(compactbelow y) is Subset of Imc;
     A18: ex_sup_of (c.:(compactbelow y)),L by YELLOW_0:17;
     A19: c.sup compactbelow y = sup (c.:(compactbelow y))
                                                   by A11,A12,WAYBEL_0:def 31;
       sup compactbelow y in the carrier of L;
     then sup compactbelow y in dom c by FUNCT_2:def 1;
     then sup (c.:(compactbelow y)) in rng c by A19,FUNCT_1:def 5;
     then sup (c.:(compactbelow y)) in the carrier of Image c by YELLOW_2:11;
     then sup (c.:(compactbelow y)) is Element of Imc;
     then A20: sup (c.:(compactbelow y)) = "\/"(c.:(compactbelow y),Imc)
                                                          by A17,A18,Th19;
     A21: c.y = c.sup compactbelow y by Def3
            .= sup (c.:(compactbelow y)) by A11,A12,WAYBEL_0:def 31;
     A22: c.:([#]CompactSublatt L) c= [#]CompactSublatt Image c by A1,Th25;
       now let z be set;
      assume A23: z in c.:(compactbelow y);
      then consider v be set such that
       A24: v in dom c & v in compactbelow y & z = c.v by FUNCT_1:def 12;
      reconsider v as Element of L by A24;
        z in rng c by A24,FUNCT_1:def 5;
      then  z in the carrier of Imc by YELLOW_2:11;
      then reconsider z1 = z as Element of Imc;
        z in c.:([#]CompactSublatt L) by A13,A23,XBOOLE_0:def 3;
      then z in [#]CompactSublatt Image c by A22;
      then A25: z1 is compact by Def1;
        v <= y by A24,Th4;
      then c.v <= c.y by A14,WAYBEL_1:def 2;
      then z1 <= x by A9,A24,YELLOW_0:61;
      hence z in compactbelow x by A25,Th4;
     end;
     then c.:(compactbelow y) c= compactbelow x by TARSKI:def 3;
     then A26: x <= sup compactbelow x by A9,A15,A16,A20,A21,YELLOW_0:34;
       for b be Element of Imc st b in compactbelow x holds b <= x by Th4;
     then x is_>=_than compactbelow x by LATTICE3:def 9;
     then sup compactbelow x <= x by YELLOW_0:32;
     hence x = sup compactbelow x by A26,ORDERS_1:25;
    end;
    then Imc is satisfying_axiom_K by Def3;
    hence Image c is algebraic LATTICE by A2,Def4;
   end;

  theorem  :: PROPOSITION 4.9.(ii)
     for L be algebraic lower-bounded LATTICE,
       c be closure map of L,L st c is directed-sups-preserving holds
    c.:([#]CompactSublatt L) = [#]CompactSublatt Image c
   proof
    let L be algebraic lower-bounded LATTICE;
    let c be closure map of L,L;
    assume A1: c is directed-sups-preserving;
    then A2: c.:([#]CompactSublatt L) c= [#]CompactSublatt Image c by Th25;
      now let a' be set;
       c is idempotent by WAYBEL_1:def 13;
     then reconsider Imc = Image c as complete LATTICE by A1,YELLOW_2:37;
     assume A3: a' in [#]CompactSublatt Image c;
     then A4: a' in the carrier of CompactSublatt Image c;
     A5: the carrier of CompactSublatt Imc c= the carrier of Imc
                                                         by YELLOW_0:def 13;
     then A6: a' in the carrier of Imc by A4;
     reconsider a = a' as Element of Imc by A4,A5;
     A7: a in rng c by A6,YELLOW_2:11;
       c is idempotent by WAYBEL_1:def 13;
     then rng c = {x where x is Element of L: x = c.x} by YELLOW_2:21;
     then consider a1 be Element of L such that
      A8: a = a1 & a1 = c.a1 by A7;
       a is compact by A3,Def1;
     then A9: a << a by WAYBEL_3:def 2;
     A10: c is monotone by A1,YELLOW_2:18;
     A11: c.:([#]CompactSublatt L) c= rng c by RELAT_1:144;
     A12: downarrow a /\ c.:([#]CompactSublatt L) is
                                             non empty directed Subset of Imc
     proof
        now let z be set;
       assume z in downarrow a /\ c.:([#]CompactSublatt L);
       then z in downarrow a by XBOOLE_0:def 3;
       hence z in the carrier of Imc;
      end;
      then downarrow a /\ c.:([#]CompactSublatt L) c= the carrier of Imc
                                                            by TARSKI:def 3;
      then reconsider D = downarrow a /\ c.:([#]
           CompactSublatt L) as Subset of Imc;
      A13: dom c = the carrier of L by FUNCT_2:def 1;
        Bottom L is compact by WAYBEL_3:15;
      then Bottom L in the carrier of CompactSublatt L by Def1;
      then Bottom L in [#]CompactSublatt L by PRE_TOPC:12;
      then A14: c.Bottom L in c.:([#]CompactSublatt L) by A13,FUNCT_1:def 12;
      A15: Bottom Imc <= a by YELLOW_0:44;
      A16: ex_sup_of {},L by YELLOW_0:42;
        {} c= the carrier of L by XBOOLE_1:2;
      then A17: {} is Subset of L;
      A18: {} c= the carrier of Imc by XBOOLE_1:2;
        c.Bottom L = c."\/"({},L) by YELLOW_0:def 11
          .= "\/"({},Imc) by A16,A17,A18,WAYBEL_1:58
          .= Bottom Imc by YELLOW_0:def 11;
      then A19: c.Bottom L in downarrow a by A15,WAYBEL_0:17;
        now let x,y be Element of Imc;
       assume x in D & y in D;
       then A20: x in downarrow a & x in c.:([#]CompactSublatt L) &
                y in downarrow a & y in c.:
([#]CompactSublatt L) by XBOOLE_0:def 3;
       then consider d be set such that
        A21: d in dom c and
        A22: d in [#]CompactSublatt L and
        A23: x = c.d by FUNCT_1:def 12;
       A24: dom c = the carrier of L by FUNCT_2:def 1;
       then reconsider d as Element of L by A21;
       consider e be set such that
        A25: e in dom c and
        A26: e in [#]CompactSublatt L and
        A27: y = c.e by A20,FUNCT_1:def 12;
       reconsider e as Element of L by A24,A25;
         d "\/" e in the carrier of L;
       then d "\/" e in dom c by FUNCT_2:def 1;
       then c.(d "\/" e) in rng c by FUNCT_1:def 5;
       then c.(d "\/" e) in the carrier of Imc by YELLOW_2:11;
       then reconsider z = c.(d "\/" e) as Element of Imc;
       take z;
         id(L) <= c by WAYBEL_1:def 14;
       then id(L).d <= c.d & id(L).e <= c.e by YELLOW_2:10;
       then d <= c.d & e <= c.e by TMAP_1:91;
       then A28: d "\/" e <= c.d "\/" c.e by YELLOW_3:3;
         x <= a & y <= a by A20,WAYBEL_0:17;
       then c.d <= a1 & c.e <= a1 by A8,A23,A27,YELLOW_0:60;
       then c.d "\/" c.e <= a1 by YELLOW_0:22;
       then d "\/" e <= a1 by A28,ORDERS_1:26;
       then c.(d "\/" e) <= a1 by A8,A10,WAYBEL_1:def 2;
       then z <= a by A8,YELLOW_0:61;
       then A29: z in downarrow a by WAYBEL_0:17;
         d "\/" e in the carrier of L;
       then A30: d "\/" e in dom c by FUNCT_2:def 1;
       A31: d <= d "\/" e & e <= d "\/" e by YELLOW_0:22;
         d is compact & e is compact by A22,A26,Def1;
       then d << d & e << e by WAYBEL_3:def 2;
       then d << d "\/" e & e << d "\/" e by A31,WAYBEL_3:2;
       then d "\/" e << d "\/" e by WAYBEL_3:3;
       then d "\/" e is compact by WAYBEL_3:def 2;
       then d "\/" e in the carrier of CompactSublatt L by Def1;
       then d "\/" e in [#]CompactSublatt L by PRE_TOPC:12;
       then z in c.:([#]CompactSublatt L) by A30,FUNCT_1:def 12;
       hence z in D by A29,XBOOLE_0:def 3;
         c.d <= c.(d "\/" e) & c.e <= c.(d "\/" e) by A10,A31,WAYBEL_1:def 2;
       hence x <= z & y <= z by A23,A27,YELLOW_0:61;
      end;
      hence thesis by A14,A19,WAYBEL_0:def 1,XBOOLE_0:def 3;
     end;
     A32: compactbelow a1 is non empty directed Subset of L by Def4;
     then A33: c preserves_sup_of compactbelow a1 by A1,WAYBEL_0:def 37;
     A34: ex_sup_of compactbelow a1,L by A32,WAYBEL_0:75;
     then A35: ex_sup_of c.:(compactbelow a1),L by A33,WAYBEL_0:def 31;
       c.:(compactbelow a1) c= rng c by RELAT_1:144;
     then A36: c.:(compactbelow a1) c= the carrier of Imc by YELLOW_2:11;
       a = sup compactbelow a1 by A8,Def3;
     then a = sup (c.:(compactbelow a1)) by A8,A33,A34,WAYBEL_0:def 31;
     then A37: a = "\/"(c.:(compactbelow a1),Imc) by A8,A35,A36,WAYBEL_1:58;
     A38: ex_sup_of c.:(compactbelow a1),Imc by YELLOW_0:17;
     A39: ex_sup_of (downarrow a) /\ (c.:([#]
CompactSublatt L)),Imc by YELLOW_0:17;
       now let z be set;
      assume z in c.:(compactbelow a1);
      then consider v be set such that
       A40: v in dom c and
       A41: v in compactbelow a1 and
       A42: z = c.v by FUNCT_1:def 12;
      A43: v in downarrow a1 /\ the carrier of CompactSublatt L by A41,Th5;
      then v in the carrier of CompactSublatt L by XBOOLE_0:def 3;
      then v in [#]CompactSublatt L by PRE_TOPC:12;
      then A44: z in c.:([#]CompactSublatt L) by A40,A42,FUNCT_1:def 12;
      A45: v in downarrow a1 by A43,XBOOLE_0:def 3;
      then reconsider v' = v as Element of L;
        v' <= a1 by A45,WAYBEL_0:17;
      then c.v' <= a1 by A8,A10,WAYBEL_1:def 2;
      then z in (downarrow a1) by A42,WAYBEL_0:17;
      hence z in (downarrow a1) /\
 (c.:([#]CompactSublatt L)) by A44,XBOOLE_0:def 3;
     end;
     then A46: c.:(compactbelow a1) c= (downarrow a1) /\ (c.:([#]
CompactSublatt L))
                                                            by TARSKI:def 3;
       now let z be set;
      assume A47: z in (downarrow a1) /\ (c.:([#]CompactSublatt L));
      then A48: z in downarrow a1 & z in c.:([#]
CompactSublatt L) by XBOOLE_0:def 3;
      reconsider z1 = z as Element of L by A47;
        z in rng c by A11,A48;
      then z in the carrier of Imc by YELLOW_2:11;
      then reconsider z2 = z1 as Element of Imc;
        z1 <= a1 by A48,WAYBEL_0:17;
      then z2 <= a by A8,YELLOW_0:61;
      then z in (downarrow a) by WAYBEL_0:17;
      hence z in (downarrow a) /\ (c.:
([#]CompactSublatt L)) by A48,XBOOLE_0:def 3;
     end;
     then (downarrow a1) /\ (c.:([#]CompactSublatt L)) c=
                    (downarrow a) /\ (c.:
([#]CompactSublatt L)) by TARSKI:def 3;
     then c.:(compactbelow a1) c= (downarrow a) /\ (c.:([#]CompactSublatt L))
                                                              by A46,XBOOLE_1:1
;
     then a <= "\/"((downarrow a) /\ (c.:([#]CompactSublatt L)),Imc)
                                                     by A37,A38,A39,YELLOW_0:34
;
     then consider k be Element of Imc such that
      A49: k in ((downarrow a) /\ (c.:([#]CompactSublatt L))) &
          a <= k by A9,A12,WAYBEL_3:def 1;
     A50: k in downarrow a & k in c.:([#]CompactSublatt L) by A49,XBOOLE_0:def
3;
     then k <= a by WAYBEL_0:17;
     hence a' in c.:([#]CompactSublatt L) by A49,A50,ORDERS_1:25;
    end;
    then [#]CompactSublatt Image c c= c.:([#]CompactSublatt L) by TARSKI:def 3
;
    hence thesis by A2,XBOOLE_0:def 10;
   end;

begin :: Boolean Posets as Algebraic Lattices

  theorem Th28:
   for X,x be set holds
    x is Element of BoolePoset X iff x c= X
   proof
    let X,x be set;
      LattPOSet BooleLatt X =
             RelStr(#the carrier of BooleLatt X, LattRel (BooleLatt X)#)
                                                          by LATTICE3:def 2;
    then A1: the carrier of BoolePoset X = the carrier of BooleLatt X by
YELLOW_1:def 2
              .= bool X by LATTICE3:def 1;
    hence x is Element of BoolePoset X implies x c= X;
    thus thesis by A1;
   end;

  theorem Th29:
   for X be set
   for x,y be Element of BoolePoset X holds
    x << y
      iff
    for Y be Subset-Family of X st y c= union Y
    ex Z be finite Subset of Y st x c= union Z
   proof
    let X be set;
    let x,y be Element of BoolePoset X;
      LattPOSet BooleLatt X =
             RelStr(#the carrier of BooleLatt X, LattRel (BooleLatt X)#)
                                                          by LATTICE3:def 2;
    then A1: the carrier of BoolePoset X = the carrier of BooleLatt X by
YELLOW_1:def 2
              .= bool X by LATTICE3:def 1;
    thus x << y implies
     for Y be Subset-Family of X st y c= union Y
     ex Z be finite Subset of Y st x c= union Z
    proof
     assume A2: x << y;
     let Y be Subset-Family of X;
     reconsider Y' = Y as Subset of BoolePoset X by A1;
     assume y c= union Y;
     then y c= sup Y' by YELLOW_1:21;
     then y <= sup Y' by YELLOW_1:2;
     then consider Z be finite Subset of BoolePoset X such that
      A3: Z c= Y & x <= sup Z by A2,WAYBEL_3:18;
     reconsider Z' = Z as finite Subset of Y by A3;
     take Z';
       x c= sup Z by A3,YELLOW_1:2;
     hence x c= union Z' by YELLOW_1:21;
    end;
    thus (for Y be Subset-Family of X st y c= union Y
     ex Z be finite Subset of Y st x c= union Z)
     implies x << y
    proof
     assume A4: for Y be Subset-Family of X st y c= union Y
      ex Z be finite Subset of Y st x c= union Z;
       now let Y be Subset of BoolePoset X;
      reconsider Y' = Y as Subset-Family of X by A1,SETFAM_1:def 7;
      assume y <= sup Y;
      then y c= sup Y by YELLOW_1:2;
      then y c= union Y' by YELLOW_1:21;
      then consider Z' be finite Subset of Y' such that
       A5: x c= union Z' by A4;
        Z' c= the carrier of BoolePoset X by XBOOLE_1:1;
      then reconsider Z = Z' as finite Subset of BoolePoset X
                                                         ;
      take Z;
      thus Z c= Y;
        x c= sup Z by A5,YELLOW_1:21;
      hence x <= sup Z by YELLOW_1:2;
     end;
     hence x << y by WAYBEL_3:19;
    end;
   end;

  theorem Th30:
   for X be set
   for x be Element of BoolePoset X holds
    x is finite iff x is compact
   proof
    let X be set;
    let x be Element of BoolePoset X;
    per cases;
    suppose A1: x is empty;
     then A2:    x = Bottom BoolePoset X by YELLOW_1:18;
       x = {} by A1;
     hence thesis by A2,WAYBEL_3:15;
    suppose A3: x is non empty;
     thus x is finite implies x is compact
     proof
      assume A4: x is finite;
        now let Y be Subset-Family of X;
       assume A5: x c= union Y;
       defpred P[set,set] means $1 in $2;
       A6: for e be set st e in x ex u be set st u in Y & P[e,u]
       proof
        let e be set;
        assume e in x;
        then ex u be set st e in u & u in Y by A5,TARSKI:def 4;
        hence ex u be set st u in Y & e in u;
       end;
       consider f be Function such that
        A7: dom f = x and
        A8: rng f c= Y and
        A9: for e be set st e in x holds P[e,f.e] from NonUniqBoundFuncEx(A6);
       reconsider Z = rng f as Subset of Y by A8;
       reconsider Z as finite Subset of Y by A4,A7,FINSET_1:26;
       take Z;
         now let z be set;
        assume A10: z in x;
        then A11: z in f.z by A9;
          f.z in Z by A7,A10,FUNCT_1:def 5;
        hence z in union Z by A11,TARSKI:def 4;
       end;
       hence x c= union Z by TARSKI:def 3;
      end;
      then x << x by Th29;
      hence x is compact by WAYBEL_3:def 2;
     end;
     thus x is compact implies x is finite
     proof
      reconsider x' = x as non empty set by A3;
      set Y = { {y} where y is Element of x' : not contradiction };
      assume x is compact;
      then A12: x << x by WAYBEL_3:def 2;
        Y c= bool X
      proof let t be set;
       assume t in Y;
       then consider y' be Element of x' such that
        A13: t = {y'};
         now let k be set;
        A14: x c= X by Th28;
        assume k in t;
        then k = y' by A13,TARSKI:def 1;
        hence k in X by A14,TARSKI:def 3;
       end;
       then t c= X by TARSKI:def 3;
       hence t in bool X;
      end;
      then reconsider Y as Subset-Family of X by SETFAM_1:def 7;
        now let y be set;
       assume y in x;
       then A15: {y} in Y;
         y in {y} by TARSKI:def 1;
       hence y in union Y by A15,TARSKI:def 4;
      end;
      then x c= union Y by TARSKI:def 3;
      then consider Z be finite Subset of Y such that
       A16: x c= union Z by A12,Th29;
        now let k be set;
       assume k in Z;
       then k in Y;
       then consider y' be Element of x' such that
        A17: k = {y'};
       thus k is finite by A17;
      end;
      then union Z is finite by FINSET_1:25;
      hence x is finite by A16,FINSET_1:13;
     end;
   end;

  theorem Th31:
   for X be set
   for x be Element of BoolePoset X holds
    compactbelow x = {y where y is finite Subset of x : not contradiction}
   proof
    let X be set;
    let x be Element of BoolePoset X;
      now let z be set;
     assume z in compactbelow x;
     then z in {y where y is Element of BoolePoset X: x >= y & y is compact}
                                                                   by Def2;
     then consider z' be Element of BoolePoset X such that
      A1: z' = z & x >= z' & z' is compact;
     A2: z is finite by A1,Th30;
       z' c= x by A1,YELLOW_1:2;
     hence z in {y where y is finite Subset of x : not contradiction} by A1,A2
;
    end;
    then A3: compactbelow x c=
      {y where y is finite Subset of x : not contradiction} by TARSKI:def 3;
      now let z be set;
     assume z in {y where y is finite Subset of x : not contradiction};
     then consider z' be finite Subset of x such that
      A4: z' = z;
       x c= X by Th28;
     then z' c= X by XBOOLE_1:1;
     then reconsider z1 = z' as Element of BoolePoset X by Th28;
     A5: z1 is compact by Th30;
       z1 <= x by YELLOW_1:2;
     hence z in compactbelow x by A4,A5,Th4;
    end;
    then {y where y is finite Subset of x : not contradiction} c=
                                             compactbelow x by TARSKI:def 3;
    hence thesis by A3,XBOOLE_0:def 10;
   end;

  theorem  :: EXAMPLES 4.11.(1a)
     for X be set
   for F be Subset of X holds
    F in the carrier of CompactSublatt BoolePoset X iff F is finite
   proof
    let X be set;
    let F be Subset of X;
    thus F in the carrier of CompactSublatt BoolePoset X implies F is finite
    proof
     assume A1: F in the carrier of CompactSublatt BoolePoset X;
       the carrier of CompactSublatt BoolePoset X c=
                             the carrier of BoolePoset X by YELLOW_0:def 13;
     then reconsider F' = F as Element of BoolePoset X by A1;
       F' <= F' & F' is compact by A1,Def1;
     then F' in compactbelow F' by Th4;
     then F' in {y where y is finite Subset of F' : not contradiction} by Th31
;
     then consider F1 be finite Subset of F' such that
      A2: F1 = F';
     thus F is finite by A2;
    end;
     assume A3: F is finite;
     reconsider F' = F as Element of BoolePoset X by Th28;
       F c= F;
     then F in {y where y is finite Subset of F' : not contradiction} by A3;
     then F' in compactbelow F' by Th31;
     then F' is compact by Th4;
     hence thesis by Def1;
   end;

  definition
   let X be set;
   let x be Element of BoolePoset X;
   cluster compactbelow x -> lower directed;
   coherence
   proof
      now let a,b be set;
     assume A1: a c= b & b in compactbelow x;
     then b in {y where y is finite Subset of x : not contradiction} by Th31;
     then consider b1 be finite Subset of x such that
      A2: b = b1;
       a is finite Subset of x by A1,A2,FINSET_1:13,XBOOLE_1:1;
     then a in {y where y is finite Subset of x : not contradiction};
     hence a in compactbelow x by Th31;
    end;
    hence A3: compactbelow x is lower by WAYBEL_7:10;
      now let a,b be set;
     assume a in compactbelow x & b in compactbelow x;
     then A4: a in {y where y is finite Subset of x : not contradiction} &
      b in {y where y is finite Subset of x : not contradiction} by Th31;
     then consider a1 be finite Subset of x such that
      A5: a = a1;
     consider b1 be finite Subset of x such that
      A6: b = b1 by A4;
       a \/ b is finite Subset of x by A5,A6,FINSET_1:14,XBOOLE_1:8;
     then a \/ b in {y where y is finite Subset of x : not contradiction};
     hence a \/ b in compactbelow x by Th31;
    end;
    hence compactbelow x is directed by A3,WAYBEL_7:12;
   end;
  end;

  theorem Th33: :: EXAMPLES 4.11.(1b)
   for X be set holds BoolePoset X is algebraic
   proof
    let X be set;
    A1: for x be Element of BoolePoset X holds
                                        compactbelow x is non empty directed;
      now let x be Element of BoolePoset X;
       for b be Element of BoolePoset X st b in compactbelow x holds b <= x
                                                                      by Th4;
     then A2: x is_>=_than compactbelow x by LATTICE3:def 9;
       now let a be Element of BoolePoset X;
      assume A3: a is_>=_than compactbelow x;
        now let t be set;
       A4: t in {t} by TARSKI:def 1;
       assume A5: t in x;
       A6: x c= X by Th28;
         now let k be set;
        assume k in {t};
        then k = t by TARSKI:def 1;
        hence k in X by A5,A6;
       end;
       then {t} c= X by TARSKI:def 3;
       then reconsider t1 = {t} as Element of BoolePoset X by Th28;
         for k be set st k in {t} holds k in x by A5,TARSKI:def 1;
       then {t} is finite Subset of x by TARSKI:def 3;
       then {t} in {y where y is finite Subset of x : not contradiction};
       then {t} in compactbelow x by Th31;
       then t1 <= a by A3,LATTICE3:def 9;
       then {t} c= a by YELLOW_1:2;
       hence t in a by A4;
      end;
      then x c= a by TARSKI:def 3;
      hence x <= a by YELLOW_1:2;
     end;
     hence x = sup compactbelow x by A2,YELLOW_0:32;
    end;
    then BoolePoset X is satisfying_axiom_K by Def3;
    hence BoolePoset X is algebraic by A1,Def4;
   end;

  definition
   let X be set;
   cluster BoolePoset X -> algebraic;
   coherence by Th33;
  end;


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