Copyright (c) 1994 Association of Mizar Users
environ vocabulary PRE_TOPC, TSP_1, TEX_4, BOOLE, SUBSET_1, TARSKI, TOPS_1, COLLSP, SETFAM_1, FUNCT_1, RELAT_1, NATTRA_1, ORDINAL2, BORSUK_1, TSP_2; notation TARSKI, XBOOLE_0, ZFMISC_1, SUBSET_1, STRUCT_0, RELAT_1, FUNCT_1, FUNCT_2, PRE_TOPC, TOPS_1, BORSUK_1, TSEP_1, TEX_2, TEX_3, TEX_4, TSP_1; constructors TOPS_1, TSEP_1, TEX_2, TEX_3, TEX_4, TSP_1, BORSUK_1, MEMBERED; clusters PRE_TOPC, TSP_1, STRUCT_0, RELSET_1, SUBSET_1, BORSUK_1, MEMBERED, ZFMISC_1; requirements BOOLE, SUBSET; theorems TARSKI, ZFMISC_1, FUNCT_1, FUNCT_2, PRE_TOPC, TOPS_1, TOPS_2, PCOMPS_1, BORSUK_1, TSEP_1, TOPS_3, TEX_2, TEX_3, TEX_4, TSP_1, RELAT_1, SETFAM_1, XBOOLE_0, XBOOLE_1; schemes TEX_2; begin :: 1. Maximal T_{0} Subsets. definition let X be non empty TopSpace; let A be Subset of X; redefine attr A is T_0 means :Def1: for a, b being Point of X st a in A & b in A holds a <> b implies MaxADSet(a) misses MaxADSet(b); compatibility proof thus A is T_0 implies for a, b being Point of X st a in A & b in A holds a <> b implies MaxADSet(a) misses MaxADSet(b) proof assume A1: A is T_0; let a, b be Point of X; assume A2: a in A & b in A; assume A3: a <> b; now per cases by A1,A2,A3,TSP_1:def 8; suppose ex V being Subset of X st V is open & a in V & not b in V; then consider V being Subset of X such that A4: V is open and A5: a in V and A6: not b in V; now take V; thus V is open by A4; thus MaxADSet(a) c= V by A4,A5,TEX_4:26; V = [#]X \ ([#]X \ V) & b in [#]X by PRE_TOPC:13,22; then [#]X \ V is closed & b in [#]X \ V by A4,A6,PRE_TOPC:def 6,XBOOLE_0:def 4; then MaxADSet(b) c= [#]X \ V by TEX_4:25; then MaxADSet(b) c= V` by PRE_TOPC:17; hence V misses MaxADSet(b) by PRE_TOPC:21; end; hence (ex V being Subset of X st V is open & MaxADSet(a) c= V & V misses MaxADSet(b)) or (ex W being Subset of X st W is open & W misses MaxADSet(a) & MaxADSet(b) c= W); suppose ex W being Subset of X st W is open & not a in W & b in W; then consider W being Subset of X such that A7: W is open and A8: not a in W and A9: b in W; now take W; thus W is open by A7; W = [#]X \ ([#]X \ W) & a in [#]X by PRE_TOPC:13,22; then [#]X \ W is closed & a in [#]X \ W by A7,A8,PRE_TOPC:def 6,XBOOLE_0:def 4; then MaxADSet(a) c= [#]X \ W by TEX_4:25; then MaxADSet(a) c= W` by PRE_TOPC:17; hence W misses MaxADSet(a) by PRE_TOPC:21; thus MaxADSet(b) c= W by A7,A9,TEX_4:26; end; hence (ex V being Subset of X st V is open & MaxADSet(a) c= V & V misses MaxADSet(b)) or (ex W being Subset of X st W is open & W misses MaxADSet(a) & MaxADSet(b) c= W); end; hence MaxADSet(a) misses MaxADSet(b) by TEX_4:55; end; assume A10: for a, b being Point of X st a in A & b in A holds a <> b implies MaxADSet(a) misses MaxADSet(b); now let a, b be Point of X; assume A11: a in A & b in A; assume a <> b; then A12: MaxADSet(a) misses MaxADSet(b) by A10,A11; now per cases by A12,TEX_4:55; suppose ex V being Subset of X st V is open & MaxADSet(a) c= V & V misses MaxADSet(b); then consider V being Subset of X such that A13: V is open and A14: MaxADSet(a) c= V and A15: V misses MaxADSet(b); now take V; thus V is open by A13; {a} c= MaxADSet(a) by TEX_4:20; then a in MaxADSet(a) by ZFMISC_1:37; hence a in V by A14; now assume A16: b in V; {b} c= MaxADSet(b) by TEX_4:20; then b in MaxADSet(b) by ZFMISC_1:37; hence contradiction by A15,A16,XBOOLE_0:3; end; hence not b in V; end; hence (ex V being Subset of X st V is open & a in V & not b in V) or (ex W being Subset of X st W is open & not a in W & b in W); suppose ex W being Subset of X st W is open & W misses MaxADSet(a) & MaxADSet(b) c= W; then consider W being Subset of X such that A17: W is open and A18: W misses MaxADSet(a) and A19: MaxADSet(b) c= W; now take W; thus W is open by A17; now assume A20: a in W; {a} c= MaxADSet(a) by TEX_4:20; then a in MaxADSet(a) by ZFMISC_1:37; hence contradiction by A18,A20,XBOOLE_0:3; end; hence not a in W; {b} c= MaxADSet(b) by TEX_4:20; then b in MaxADSet(b) by ZFMISC_1:37; hence b in W by A19; end; hence (ex V being Subset of X st V is open & a in V & not b in V) or (ex W being Subset of X st W is open & not a in W & b in W); end; hence (ex V being Subset of X st V is open & a in V & not b in V) or (ex W being Subset of X st W is open & not a in W & b in W); end; hence A is T_0 by TSP_1:def 8; end; end; definition let X be non empty TopSpace; let A be Subset of X; redefine attr A is T_0 means :Def2: for a being Point of X st a in A holds A /\ MaxADSet(a) = {a}; compatibility proof thus A is T_0 implies for a being Point of X st a in A holds A /\ MaxADSet(a) = {a} proof assume A1: A is T_0; let a be Point of X; {a} c= MaxADSet(a) by TEX_4:20; then A2: a in MaxADSet(a) by ZFMISC_1:37; assume A3: a in A; then A4: a in A /\ MaxADSet(a) by A2,XBOOLE_0:def 3; assume A /\ MaxADSet(a) <> {a}; then consider b being set such that A5: b in A /\ MaxADSet(a) and A6: b <> a by A4,ZFMISC_1:41; reconsider b as Point of X by A5; b in A by A5,XBOOLE_0:def 3; then A7: MaxADSet(a) misses MaxADSet(b) by A1,A3,A6,Def1; b in MaxADSet(a) by A5,XBOOLE_0:def 3; hence contradiction by A7,TEX_4:23; end; assume A8: for a being Point of X st a in A holds A /\ MaxADSet(a) = {a}; now let a, b be Point of X; assume a in A & b in A; then A9: A /\ MaxADSet(a) = {a} & A /\ MaxADSet(b) = {b} by A8; assume A10: a <> b; assume MaxADSet(a) meets MaxADSet(b); then {a} = {b} by A9,TEX_4:24; hence contradiction by A10,ZFMISC_1:6; end; hence A is T_0 by Def1; end; end; definition let X be non empty TopSpace; let A be Subset of X; redefine attr A is T_0 means for a being Point of X st a in A ex D being Subset of X st D is maximal_anti-discrete & A /\ D = {a}; compatibility proof thus A is T_0 implies for a being Point of X st a in A ex D being Subset of X st D is maximal_anti-discrete & A /\ D = {a} proof assume A1: A is T_0; let a be Point of X; assume A2: a in A; take D = MaxADSet(a); thus D is maximal_anti-discrete by TEX_4:22; thus A /\ D = {a} by A1,A2,Def2; end; assume A3: for a being Point of X st a in A ex D being Subset of X st D is maximal_anti-discrete & A /\ D = {a}; now let a be Point of X; assume a in A; then consider D being Subset of X such that A4: D is maximal_anti-discrete and A5: A /\ D = {a} by A3; a in A /\ D by A5,ZFMISC_1:37; then a in D by XBOOLE_0:def 3; hence A /\ MaxADSet(a) = {a} by A4,A5,TEX_4:29; end; hence A is T_0 by Def2; end; end; definition let Y be TopStruct; let IT be Subset of Y; attr IT is maximal_T_0 means :Def4: IT is T_0 & for D being Subset of Y st D is T_0 & IT c= D holds IT = D; end; theorem for Y0, Y1 being TopStruct, D0 being Subset of Y0, D1 being Subset of Y1 st the TopStruct of Y0 = the TopStruct of Y1 & D0 = D1 holds D0 is maximal_T_0 implies D1 is maximal_T_0 proof let Y0, Y1 be TopStruct, D0 be Subset of Y0, D1 be Subset of Y1; assume A1: the TopStruct of Y0 = the TopStruct of Y1; assume A2: D0 = D1; assume A3: D0 is maximal_T_0; then D0 is T_0 by Def4; then A4: D1 is T_0 by A1,A2,TSP_1:5; now let D be Subset of Y1; assume A5: D is T_0; assume A6: D1 c= D; reconsider E = D as Subset of Y0 by A1; E is T_0 & D0 c= E by A1,A2,A5,A6,TSP_1:5; hence D1 = D by A2,A3,Def4; end; hence D1 is maximal_T_0 by A4,Def4; end; definition let X be non empty TopSpace; let M be Subset of X; redefine attr M is maximal_T_0 means :Def5: M is T_0 & MaxADSet(M) = the carrier of X; compatibility proof thus M is maximal_T_0 implies M is T_0 & MaxADSet(M) = the carrier of X proof assume A1: M is maximal_T_0; hence A2: M is T_0 by Def4; the carrier of X c= MaxADSet(M) proof assume not the carrier of X c= MaxADSet(M); then consider x being set such that A3: x in the carrier of X and A4: not x in MaxADSet(M) by TARSKI:def 3; reconsider x as Point of X by A3; set A = M \/ {x}; for a being Point of X st a in A holds A /\ MaxADSet(a) = {a} proof let a be Point of X; assume a in A; then A5: a in M or a in {x} by XBOOLE_0:def 2; now per cases by A5,TARSKI:def 1; suppose A6: a in M; {x} /\ MaxADSet(a) = {} proof assume {x} /\ MaxADSet(a) <> {}; then {x} meets MaxADSet(a) by XBOOLE_0:def 7; then A7: x in MaxADSet(a) by ZFMISC_1:56; {a} c= M by A6,ZFMISC_1:37; then MaxADSet({a}) c= MaxADSet(M) by TEX_4:33; then MaxADSet(a) c= MaxADSet(M) by TEX_4:30; hence contradiction by A4,A7; end; then A /\ MaxADSet(a) = (M /\ MaxADSet(a)) \/ {} by XBOOLE_1:23 .= M /\ MaxADSet(a); hence A /\ MaxADSet(a) = {a} by A2,A6,Def2; suppose A8: a = x; then A9: {x} c= MaxADSet(a) by TEX_4:20; M /\ MaxADSet(a) = {} proof assume A10: M /\ MaxADSet(a) <> {}; M c= MaxADSet(M) by TEX_4:34; then M /\ MaxADSet(a) c= MaxADSet(M) /\ MaxADSet(a) by XBOOLE_1: 26; then MaxADSet(a) /\ MaxADSet(M) <> {} by A10,XBOOLE_1:3; then MaxADSet(a) meets MaxADSet(M) by XBOOLE_0:def 7; then A11: MaxADSet(a) c= MaxADSet(M) by TEX_4:32; x in MaxADSet(a) by A9,ZFMISC_1:37; hence contradiction by A4,A11; end; then A /\ MaxADSet(a) = {} \/ ({x} /\ MaxADSet(a)) by XBOOLE_1:23 .= {x} /\ MaxADSet(a); hence A /\ MaxADSet(a) = {a} by A8,A9,XBOOLE_1:28; end; hence thesis; end; then A12: A is T_0 by Def2; M c= A by XBOOLE_1:7; then A13: M = A by A1,A12,Def4; {x} c= A by XBOOLE_1:7; then A14: x in M by A13,ZFMISC_1:37; M c= MaxADSet(M) by TEX_4:34; hence contradiction by A4,A14; end; hence MaxADSet(M) = the carrier of X by XBOOLE_0:def 10; end; assume A15: M is T_0; assume A16: MaxADSet(M) = the carrier of X; for D being Subset of X st D is T_0 & M c= D holds M = D proof let D be Subset of X; assume A17: D is T_0; assume A18: M c= D; D c= M proof assume not D c= M; then consider x being set such that A19: x in D and A20: not x in M by TARSKI:def 3; A21: x in the carrier of X by A19; reconsider x as Point of X by A19; x in union {MaxADSet(a) where a is Point of X : a in M} by A16,A21,TEX_4:def 11; then consider C being set such that A22: x in C and A23: C in {MaxADSet(a) where a is Point of X : a in M} by TARSKI:def 4; consider a being Point of X such that A24: C = MaxADSet(a) and A25: a in M by A23; MaxADSet(a) = MaxADSet(x) by A22,A24,TEX_4:23; then A26: M /\ MaxADSet(x) = {a} by A15,A25,Def2; M /\ MaxADSet(x) c= D /\ MaxADSet(x) by A18,XBOOLE_1:26; then M /\ MaxADSet(x) c= {x} by A17,A19,Def2; hence contradiction by A20,A25,A26,ZFMISC_1:24; end; hence M = D by A18,XBOOLE_0:def 10; end; hence M is maximal_T_0 by A15,Def4; end; end; reserve X for non empty TopSpace; theorem Th2: for M being Subset of X holds M is maximal_T_0 implies M is dense proof let M be Subset of X; assume M is maximal_T_0; then A1: MaxADSet(M) = the carrier of X by Def5; then MaxADSet(M) = [#]X by PRE_TOPC:12; then Cl MaxADSet(M) = MaxADSet(M) by PRE_TOPC:52; then Cl M = the carrier of X by A1,TEX_4:64; hence M is dense by TOPS_3:def 2; end; theorem Th3: for A being Subset of X st A is open or A is closed holds A is maximal_T_0 implies A is not proper proof let A be Subset of X; assume A is open or A is closed; then A1: A = MaxADSet(A) by TEX_4:58,62; assume A is maximal_T_0; then A = the carrier of X by A1,Def5; hence A is non proper by TEX_2:5; end; theorem Th4: for A being empty Subset of X holds A is not maximal_T_0 proof let A be empty Subset of X; consider a being set such that A1: a in the carrier of X by XBOOLE_0:def 1; reconsider a as Point of X by A1; now take C = {a}; thus C is T_0 & A c= C & A <> C by TSP_1:14,XBOOLE_1:2; end; hence thesis by Def4; end; theorem Th5: for M being Subset of X st M is maximal_T_0 for A being Subset of X st A is closed holds A = MaxADSet(M /\ A) proof let M be Subset of X; assume A1: M is maximal_T_0; let A be Subset of X; assume A2: A is closed; then MaxADSet(M /\ A) = MaxADSet(M) /\ MaxADSet(A) by TEX_4:66; then A3: MaxADSet(M /\ A) = MaxADSet(M) /\ A by A2,TEX_4:62; A = (the carrier of X) /\ A by XBOOLE_1:28; hence thesis by A1,A3,Def5; end; theorem Th6: for M being Subset of X st M is maximal_T_0 for A being Subset of X st A is open holds A = MaxADSet(M /\ A) proof let M be Subset of X; assume A1: M is maximal_T_0; let A be Subset of X; assume A2: A is open; then MaxADSet(M /\ A) = MaxADSet(M) /\ MaxADSet(A) by TEX_4:67; then A3: MaxADSet(M /\ A) = MaxADSet(M) /\ A by A2,TEX_4:58; A = (the carrier of X) /\ A by XBOOLE_1:28; hence thesis by A1,A3,Def5; end; theorem for M being Subset of X st M is maximal_T_0 for A being Subset of X holds Cl A = MaxADSet(M /\ Cl A) proof let M be Subset of X; assume A1: M is maximal_T_0; let A be Subset of X; Cl A is closed by PCOMPS_1:4; hence thesis by A1,Th5; end; theorem for M being Subset of X st M is maximal_T_0 for A being Subset of X holds Int A = MaxADSet(M /\ Int A) proof let M be Subset of X; assume A1: M is maximal_T_0; let A be Subset of X; Int A is open by TOPS_1:51; hence thesis by A1,Th6; end; definition let X be non empty TopSpace; let M be Subset of X; redefine attr M is maximal_T_0 means :Def6: for x being Point of X ex a being Point of X st a in M & M /\ MaxADSet(x) = {a}; compatibility proof thus M is maximal_T_0 implies for x being Point of X ex a being Point of X st a in M & M /\ MaxADSet(x) = {a} proof assume A1: M is maximal_T_0; then A2: M is T_0 by Def4; let x be Point of X; x in the carrier of X; then x in MaxADSet(M) by A1,Def5; then x in union {MaxADSet(a) where a is Point of X : a in M} by TEX_4:def 11; then consider C being set such that A3: x in C and A4: C in {MaxADSet(a) where a is Point of X : a in M} by TARSKI:def 4; consider a being Point of X such that A5: C = MaxADSet(a) and A6: a in M by A4; MaxADSet(a) = MaxADSet(x) by A3,A5,TEX_4:23; then M /\ MaxADSet(x) = {a} by A2,A6,Def2; hence ex a be Point of X st a in M & M /\ MaxADSet(x) = {a} by A6; end; assume A7: for x being Point of X ex a being Point of X st a in M & M /\ MaxADSet(x) = {a}; for b being Point of X st b in M holds M /\ MaxADSet(b) = {b} proof let b be Point of X; assume A8: b in M; consider a being Point of X such that a in M and A9: M /\ MaxADSet(b) = {a} by A7; {b} c= MaxADSet(b) by TEX_4:20; then b in MaxADSet(b) by ZFMISC_1:37; then b in M /\ MaxADSet(b) by A8,XBOOLE_0:def 3; hence M /\ MaxADSet(b) = {b} by A9,TARSKI:def 1; end; then A10: M is T_0 by Def2; the carrier of X c= MaxADSet(M) proof now let x be set; assume x in the carrier of X; then reconsider y = x as Point of X; consider a being Point of X such that A11: a in M and A12: M /\ MaxADSet(y) = {a} by A7; {a} c= MaxADSet(y) by A12,XBOOLE_1:17; then a in MaxADSet(y) by ZFMISC_1:37; then A13: M /\ MaxADSet(y) <> {} by A11,XBOOLE_0:def 3; M c= MaxADSet(M) by TEX_4:34; then M /\ MaxADSet(y) c= MaxADSet(M) /\ MaxADSet(y) by XBOOLE_1:26 ; then MaxADSet(y) /\ MaxADSet(M) <> {} by A13,XBOOLE_1:3; then MaxADSet(y) meets MaxADSet(M) by XBOOLE_0:def 7; then A14: MaxADSet(y) c= MaxADSet(M) by TEX_4:32; {y} c= MaxADSet(y) by TEX_4:20; then y in MaxADSet(y) by ZFMISC_1:37; hence x in MaxADSet(M) by A14; end; hence thesis by TARSKI:def 3; end; then MaxADSet(M) = the carrier of X by XBOOLE_0:def 10; hence M is maximal_T_0 by A10,Def5; end; end; theorem Th9: for A being Subset of X holds A is T_0 implies ex M being Subset of X st A c= M & M is maximal_T_0 proof let A be Subset of X; assume A1: A is T_0; set D = [#]X \ MaxADSet(A); set F = {MaxADSet(d) where d is Point of X : d in D}; F c= bool the carrier of X proof now let C be set; assume C in F; then consider a being Point of X such that A2: C = MaxADSet(a) and a in D; thus C in bool the carrier of X by A2; end; hence thesis by TARSKI:def 3; end; then reconsider F as Subset-Family of X by SETFAM_1:def 7; reconsider F as Subset-Family of X; defpred X[Subset of X,set] means $2 in D & $2 in $1; A3: for S being Subset of X st S in F ex x being Point of X st X[S,x] proof let S be Subset of X; assume S in F; then consider d being Point of X such that A4: S = MaxADSet(d) and A5: d in D; take d; {d} c= MaxADSet(d) by TEX_4:20; hence thesis by A4,A5,ZFMISC_1:37; end; consider f being Function of F,the carrier of X such that A6: for S being Subset of X st S in F holds X[S,f.S] from ExChoiceFCol(A3); set M = A \/ (f.: F); A7: f.: F c= D proof now let x be set; assume x in f.: F; then consider S being set such that A8: S in F and S in F and A9: x = f.S by FUNCT_2:115; thus x in D by A6,A8,A9; end; hence thesis by TARSKI:def 3; end; A10: D = (MaxADSet(A))` by PRE_TOPC:17; then A11: MaxADSet(A) misses D by TOPS_1:20; then A12:MaxADSet(A) misses (f.:F) by A7,XBOOLE_1:63; A c= MaxADSet(A) by TEX_4:34; then A misses D by A10,TOPS_1:20; then A13: A /\ D = {} by XBOOLE_0:def 7; thus ex M being Subset of X st A c= M & M is maximal_T_0 proof take M; thus A14: A c= M by XBOOLE_1:7; thus M is maximal_T_0 proof for x being Point of X ex a being Point of X st a in M & M /\ MaxADSet(x) = {a} proof let x be Point of X; A15: [#]X = MaxADSet(A) \/ D & [#]X = the carrier of X by PRE_TOPC:12 ,24; now per cases by A15,XBOOLE_0:def 2; suppose A16: x in MaxADSet(A); now x in union {MaxADSet(a) where a is Point of X : a in A} by A16,TEX_4:def 11; then consider C being set such that A17: x in C and A18: C in {MaxADSet(a) where a is Point of X : a in A} by TARSKI:def 4; consider a being Point of X such that A19: C = MaxADSet(a) and A20: a in A by A18; A21: MaxADSet(a) = MaxADSet(x) by A17,A19,TEX_4:23; take a; thus a in M by A14,A20; {x} c= MaxADSet(A) by A16,ZFMISC_1:37; then MaxADSet({x}) c= MaxADSet(A) by TEX_4:36; then MaxADSet(x) c= MaxADSet(A) by TEX_4:30; then (f.: F) misses MaxADSet(x) by A12,XBOOLE_1:63; then (f.: F) /\ MaxADSet(x) = {} by XBOOLE_0:def 7; then M /\ MaxADSet(x) = (A /\ MaxADSet(x)) \/ {} by XBOOLE_1:23 ; hence M /\ MaxADSet(x) = {a} by A1,A20,A21,Def2; end; hence ex a being Point of X st a in M & M /\ MaxADSet(x) = {a}; suppose A22: x in D; then A23: MaxADSet(x) in F; now reconsider a = f.(MaxADSet(x)) as Point of X by A23,FUNCT_2:7; take a; A24: f.: F c= M by XBOOLE_1:7; A25: a in f.: F by A23,FUNCT_2:43; hence a in M by A24; a in MaxADSet(x) by A6,A23; then {a} c= MaxADSet(x) & {a} c= M by A24,A25,ZFMISC_1:37; then A26: {a} c= M /\ MaxADSet(x) by XBOOLE_1:19; M /\ MaxADSet(x) c= {a} proof now let y be set; assume A27: y in M /\ MaxADSet(x); then reconsider z = y as Point of X; A28: z in MaxADSet(x) by A27,XBOOLE_0:def 3; then A29: MaxADSet(z) = MaxADSet(x) by TEX_4:23; now assume not MaxADSet(x) c= D; then MaxADSet(x) meets MaxADSet(A) by A10,PRE_TOPC:21; then A30: MaxADSet(x) c= MaxADSet(A) by TEX_4:32; {x} c= MaxADSet(x) by TEX_4:20; then x in MaxADSet(x) by ZFMISC_1:37; hence contradiction by A11,A22,A30,XBOOLE_0:3; end; then A31: not z in A by A13,A28,XBOOLE_0:def 3; z in M by A27,XBOOLE_0:def 3; then z in f.: F by A31,XBOOLE_0:def 2; then consider C being set such that A32: C in F and C in F and A33: z = f.C by FUNCT_2:115; reconsider C as Subset of X by A32; consider w being Point of X such that A34: C = MaxADSet(w) and w in D by A32; z in MaxADSet(w) by A6,A32,A33,A34; then f.(MaxADSet(w)) = a by A29,TEX_4:23; hence y in {a} by A33,A34,TARSKI:def 1; end; hence thesis by TARSKI:def 3; end; hence M /\ MaxADSet(x) = {a} by A26,XBOOLE_0:def 10; end; hence ex a being Point of X st a in M & M /\ MaxADSet(x) = {a}; end; hence ex a being Point of X st a in M & M /\ MaxADSet(x) = {a}; end; hence thesis by Def6; end; end; end; theorem Th10: ex M being Subset of X st M is maximal_T_0 proof set A = {}X; A is discrete by TEX_2:35; then A is T_0 by TSP_1:11; then consider M being Subset of X such that A c= M and A1: M is maximal_T_0 by Th9; take M; thus thesis by A1; end; begin :: 2. Maximal Kolmogorov Subspaces. definition let Y be non empty TopStruct; let IT be SubSpace of Y; attr IT is maximal_T_0 means :Def7: for A being Subset of Y st A = the carrier of IT holds A is maximal_T_0; end; theorem Th11: for Y being non empty TopStruct, Y0 being SubSpace of Y, A being Subset of Y st A = the carrier of Y0 holds A is maximal_T_0 iff Y0 is maximal_T_0 proof let Y be non empty TopStruct, Y0 be SubSpace of Y, A be Subset of Y; assume A1: A = the carrier of Y0; hereby assume A is maximal_T_0; then for A be Subset of Y st A = the carrier of Y0 holds A is maximal_T_0 by A1; hence Y0 is maximal_T_0 by Def7; end; thus Y0 is maximal_T_0 implies A is maximal_T_0 by A1,Def7; end; Lm1: now let Z be non empty TopStruct; let Z0 be SubSpace of Z; [#]Z0 c= [#]Z & [#]Z0 = the carrier of Z0 by PRE_TOPC:12,def 9; hence the carrier of Z0 is Subset of Z by PRE_TOPC:12; end; definition let Y be non empty TopStruct; cluster maximal_T_0 -> T_0 (non empty SubSpace of Y); coherence proof let Y0 be non empty SubSpace of Y; assume A1: Y0 is maximal_T_0; the carrier of Y0 is Subset of Y by Lm1; then reconsider A = the carrier of Y0 as Subset of Y; A is maximal_T_0 by A1,Th11; then A is T_0 by Def4; hence thesis by TSP_1:15; end; cluster non T_0 -> non maximal_T_0 (non empty SubSpace of Y); coherence proof let Y0 be non empty SubSpace of Y; assume A2: Y0 is non T_0; assume A3: Y0 is maximal_T_0; the carrier of Y0 is Subset of Y by Lm1; then reconsider A = the carrier of Y0 as Subset of Y; A is maximal_T_0 by A3,Th11; then A is T_0 by Def4; hence contradiction by A2,TSP_1:15; end; end; definition let X be non empty TopSpace; let X0 be non empty SubSpace of X; redefine attr X0 is maximal_T_0 means X0 is T_0 & for Y0 being T_0 non empty SubSpace of X st X0 is SubSpace of Y0 holds the TopStruct of X0 = the TopStruct of Y0; compatibility proof the carrier of X0 is Subset of X by TSEP_1:1; then reconsider A = the carrier of X0 as Subset of X; thus X0 is maximal_T_0 implies X0 is T_0 & for Y0 being T_0 non empty SubSpace of X st X0 is SubSpace of Y0 holds the TopStruct of X0 = the TopStruct of Y0 proof assume X0 is maximal_T_0; then A1: A is maximal_T_0 by Th11; then A is T_0 by Def4; hence X0 is T_0 by TSP_1:15; thus for Y0 being T_0 non empty SubSpace of X st X0 is SubSpace of Y0 holds the TopStruct of X0 = the TopStruct of Y0 proof let Y0 be T_0 non empty SubSpace of X; the carrier of Y0 is Subset of X by TSEP_1:1; then reconsider D = the carrier of Y0 as Subset of X; assume X0 is SubSpace of Y0; then A c= D & D is T_0 by TSEP_1:4,TSP_1:15; then A = D by A1,Def4; hence the TopStruct of X0 = the TopStruct of Y0 by TSEP_1:5; end; end; assume X0 is T_0; then A2: A is T_0 by TSP_1:15; assume A3: for Y0 being T_0 non empty SubSpace of X st X0 is SubSpace of Y0 holds the TopStruct of X0 = the TopStruct of Y0; now let D be Subset of X; assume A4: D is T_0; assume A5: A c= D; then D <> {} by XBOOLE_1:3; then consider Y0 being T_0 strict non empty SubSpace of X such that A6: D = the carrier of Y0 by A4,TSP_1:20; X0 is SubSpace of Y0 by A5,A6,TSEP_1:4; hence A = D by A3,A6; end; then A is maximal_T_0 by A2,Def4; hence X0 is maximal_T_0 by Th11; end; end; reserve X for non empty TopSpace; theorem Th12: for A0 being non empty Subset of X st A0 is maximal_T_0 ex X0 being strict non empty SubSpace of X st X0 is maximal_T_0 & A0 = the carrier of X0 proof let A0 be non empty Subset of X; assume A1: A0 is maximal_T_0; consider X0 being strict non empty SubSpace of X such that A2: A0 = the carrier of X0 by TSEP_1:10; take X0; thus thesis by A1,A2,Th11; end; definition let X be non empty TopSpace; cluster maximal_T_0 -> dense SubSpace of X; coherence proof let X0 be SubSpace of X; assume A1: X0 is maximal_T_0; the carrier of X0 is Subset of X by Lm1; then reconsider A = the carrier of X0 as Subset of X; A is maximal_T_0 by A1,Th11; then A is dense by Th2; hence thesis by TEX_3:9; end; cluster non dense -> non maximal_T_0 SubSpace of X; coherence proof let X0 be SubSpace of X; assume A2: X0 is non dense; assume A3: X0 is maximal_T_0; the carrier of X0 is Subset of X by Lm1; then reconsider A = the carrier of X0 as Subset of X; A is maximal_T_0 by A3,Th11; then A is dense by Th2; hence contradiction by A2,TEX_3:9; end; cluster open maximal_T_0 -> non proper SubSpace of X; coherence proof let X0 be SubSpace of X; the carrier of X0 is Subset of X by Lm1; then reconsider A = the carrier of X0 as Subset of X; assume X0 is open; then A4: A is open by TSEP_1:16; assume X0 is maximal_T_0; then A is maximal_T_0 by Th11; then A is non proper by A4,Th3; hence thesis by TEX_2:13; end; cluster open proper -> non maximal_T_0 SubSpace of X; coherence proof let X0 be SubSpace of X; the carrier of X0 is Subset of X by Lm1; then reconsider A = the carrier of X0 as Subset of X; assume X0 is open; then A5: A is open by TSEP_1:16; assume A6: X0 is proper; assume X0 is maximal_T_0; then A is maximal_T_0 by Th11; then A is non proper by A5,Th3; hence contradiction by A6,TEX_2:13; end; cluster proper maximal_T_0 -> non open SubSpace of X; coherence proof let X0 be SubSpace of X; the carrier of X0 is Subset of X by Lm1; then reconsider A = the carrier of X0 as Subset of X; assume A7: X0 is proper; assume A8: X0 is maximal_T_0; assume X0 is open; then A9: A is open by TSEP_1:16; A is maximal_T_0 by A8,Th11; then A is non proper by A9,Th3; hence contradiction by A7,TEX_2:13; end; cluster closed maximal_T_0 -> non proper SubSpace of X; coherence proof let X0 be SubSpace of X; the carrier of X0 is Subset of X by Lm1; then reconsider A = the carrier of X0 as Subset of X; assume X0 is closed; then A10: A is closed by TSEP_1:11; assume X0 is maximal_T_0; then A is maximal_T_0 by Th11; then A is non proper by A10,Th3; hence thesis by TEX_2:13; end; cluster closed proper -> non maximal_T_0 SubSpace of X; coherence proof let X0 be SubSpace of X; the carrier of X0 is Subset of X by Lm1; then reconsider A = the carrier of X0 as Subset of X; assume X0 is closed; then A11: A is closed by TSEP_1:11; assume A12: X0 is proper; assume X0 is maximal_T_0; then A is maximal_T_0 by Th11; then A is non proper by A11,Th3; hence contradiction by A12,TEX_2:13; end; cluster proper maximal_T_0 -> non closed SubSpace of X; coherence proof let X0 be SubSpace of X; the carrier of X0 is Subset of X by Lm1; then reconsider A = the carrier of X0 as Subset of X; assume A13: X0 is proper; assume A14: X0 is maximal_T_0; assume X0 is closed; then A15: A is closed by TSEP_1:11; A is maximal_T_0 by A14,Th11; then A is non proper by A15,Th3; hence contradiction by A13,TEX_2:13; end; end; theorem for Y0 being T_0 non empty SubSpace of X ex X0 being strict SubSpace of X st Y0 is SubSpace of X0 & X0 is maximal_T_0 proof let Y0 be T_0 non empty SubSpace of X; the carrier of Y0 is Subset of X by Lm1; then reconsider A = the carrier of Y0 as Subset of X; A is T_0 by TSP_1:15; then consider M being Subset of X such that A1: A c= M and A2: M is maximal_T_0 by Th9; M is non empty by A2,Th4; then consider X0 being strict non empty SubSpace of X such that A3: X0 is maximal_T_0 and A4: M = the carrier of X0 by A2,Th12; take X0; thus thesis by A1,A3,A4,TSEP_1:4; end; definition let X be non empty TopSpace; cluster maximal_T_0 strict non empty SubSpace of X; existence proof consider M being Subset of X such that A1: M is maximal_T_0 by Th10; M is non empty by A1,Th4; then consider X0 being strict non empty SubSpace of X such that A2: X0 is maximal_T_0 and M = the carrier of X0 by A1,Th12; take X0; thus thesis by A2; end; end; definition let X be non empty TopSpace; mode maximal_Kolmogorov_subspace of X is maximal_T_0 SubSpace of X; end; theorem Th14: for X0 being maximal_Kolmogorov_subspace of X for G being Subset of X, G0 being Subset of X0 st G0 = G holds G0 is open iff MaxADSet(G) is open & G0 = MaxADSet(G) /\ the carrier of X0 proof let X0 be maximal_Kolmogorov_subspace of X; the carrier of X0 is Subset of X by Lm1; then reconsider M = the carrier of X0 as Subset of X; A1: M is maximal_T_0 by Th11; let G be Subset of X, G0 be Subset of X0; assume A2: G0 = G; thus G0 is open implies MaxADSet(G) is open & G0 = MaxADSet(G) /\ the carrier of X0 proof assume G0 is open; then consider H being Subset of X such that A3: H is open and A4: G0 = H /\ M by TSP_1:def 1; thus MaxADSet(G) is open by A1,A2,A3,A4,Th6; thus G0 = MaxADSet(G) /\ the carrier of X0 by A1,A2,A3,A4,Th6; end; assume A5: MaxADSet(G) is open; assume G0 = MaxADSet(G) /\ the carrier of X0; hence thesis by A5,TSP_1:def 1; end; theorem for X0 being maximal_Kolmogorov_subspace of X for G being Subset of X holds G is open iff G = MaxADSet(G) & ex G0 being Subset of X0 st G0 is open & G0 = G /\ the carrier of X0 proof let X0 be maximal_Kolmogorov_subspace of X; the carrier of X0 is Subset of X by Lm1; then reconsider M = the carrier of X0 as Subset of X; A1: M is maximal_T_0 by Th11; let G be Subset of X; thus G is open implies G = MaxADSet(G) & ex G0 being Subset of X0 st G0 is open & G0 = G /\ the carrier of X0 proof assume A2: G is open; hence G = MaxADSet(G) by TEX_4:58; reconsider G0 = G /\ M as Subset of X0 by XBOOLE_1:17; reconsider G0 as Subset of X0; take G0; thus G0 is open by A2,TSP_1:def 1; thus G0 = G /\ the carrier of X0; end; assume A3: G = MaxADSet(G); given G0 being Subset of X0 such that A4: G0 is open and A5: G0 = G /\ the carrier of X0; set E = G0; E c= M & M c= the carrier of X; then reconsider E as Subset of X by XBOOLE_1:1; A6: MaxADSet(E) is open by A4,Th14; A7: E c= MaxADSet(G) by A3,A5,XBOOLE_1:17; G c= MaxADSet(E) proof for x being set st x in G holds x in MaxADSet(E) proof let x be set; assume A8: x in G; then reconsider a = x as Point of X; {a} c= G by A8,ZFMISC_1:37; then MaxADSet({a}) c= G by A3,TEX_4:36; then A9: MaxADSet(a) c= G by TEX_4:30; consider b being Point of X such that A10: b in M and A11: M /\ MaxADSet(a) = {b} by A1,Def6; A12: {b} c= MaxADSet(a) by A11,XBOOLE_1:17; then {b} c= G by A9,XBOOLE_1:1; then b in G by ZFMISC_1:37; then b in E by A5,A10,XBOOLE_0:def 3; then {b} c= E by ZFMISC_1:37; then MaxADSet({b}) c= MaxADSet(E) by TEX_4:33; then A13: MaxADSet(b) c= MaxADSet(E) by TEX_4:30; b in MaxADSet(a) by A12,ZFMISC_1:37; then MaxADSet(b) = MaxADSet(a) by TEX_4:23; then {a} c= MaxADSet(b) by TEX_4:20; then a in MaxADSet(b) by ZFMISC_1:37; hence x in MaxADSet(E) by A13; end; hence thesis by TARSKI:def 3; end; hence G is open by A3,A6,A7,TEX_4:37; end; theorem Th16: for X0 being maximal_Kolmogorov_subspace of X for F being Subset of X, F0 being Subset of X0 st F0 = F holds F0 is closed iff MaxADSet(F) is closed & F0 = MaxADSet(F) /\ the carrier of X0 proof let X0 be maximal_Kolmogorov_subspace of X; the carrier of X0 is Subset of X by TSEP_1:1; then reconsider M = the carrier of X0 as Subset of X; A1: M is maximal_T_0 by Th11; let F be Subset of X, F0 be Subset of X0; assume A2: F0 = F; thus F0 is closed implies MaxADSet(F) is closed & F0 = MaxADSet(F) /\ the carrier of X0 proof assume F0 is closed; then consider H being Subset of X such that A3: H is closed and A4: F0 = H /\ M by TSP_1:def 2; thus MaxADSet(F) is closed by A1,A2,A3,A4,Th5; thus F0 = MaxADSet(F) /\ the carrier of X0 by A1,A2,A3,A4,Th5; end; assume A5: MaxADSet(F) is closed; assume F0 = MaxADSet(F) /\ the carrier of X0; hence thesis by A5,TSP_1:def 2; end; theorem for X0 being maximal_Kolmogorov_subspace of X for F being Subset of X holds F is closed iff F = MaxADSet(F) & ex F0 being Subset of X0 st F0 is closed & F0 = F /\ the carrier of X0 proof let X0 be maximal_Kolmogorov_subspace of X; the carrier of X0 is Subset of X by TSEP_1:1; then reconsider M = the carrier of X0 as Subset of X; A1: M is maximal_T_0 by Th11; let F be Subset of X; thus F is closed implies F = MaxADSet(F) & ex F0 being Subset of X0 st F0 is closed & F0 = F /\ the carrier of X0 proof assume A2: F is closed; hence F = MaxADSet(F) by TEX_4:62; set F0 = F /\ M; F0 is Subset of X0 by XBOOLE_1:17; then reconsider F0 as Subset of X0; take F0; thus F0 is closed by A2,TSP_1:def 2; thus F0 = F /\ the carrier of X0; end; assume A3: F = MaxADSet(F); given F0 being Subset of X0 such that A4: F0 is closed and A5: F0 = F /\ the carrier of X0; set E = F0; E c= M & M c= the carrier of X; then reconsider E as Subset of X by XBOOLE_1:1; A6: MaxADSet(E) is closed by A4,Th16; A7: E c= MaxADSet(F) by A3,A5,XBOOLE_1:17; F c= MaxADSet(E) proof for x being set st x in F holds x in MaxADSet(E) proof let x be set; assume A8: x in F; then reconsider a = x as Point of X; {a} c= F by A8,ZFMISC_1:37; then MaxADSet({a}) c= F by A3,TEX_4:36; then A9: MaxADSet(a) c= F by TEX_4:30; consider b being Point of X such that A10: b in M and A11: M /\ MaxADSet(a) = {b} by A1,Def6; A12: {b} c= MaxADSet(a) by A11,XBOOLE_1:17; then {b} c= F by A9,XBOOLE_1:1; then b in F by ZFMISC_1:37; then b in E by A5,A10,XBOOLE_0:def 3; then {b} c= E by ZFMISC_1:37; then MaxADSet({b}) c= MaxADSet(E) by TEX_4:33; then A13: MaxADSet(b) c= MaxADSet(E) by TEX_4:30; b in MaxADSet(a) by A12,ZFMISC_1:37; then MaxADSet(b) = MaxADSet(a) by TEX_4:23; then {a} c= MaxADSet(b) by TEX_4:20; then a in MaxADSet(b) by ZFMISC_1:37; hence x in MaxADSet(E) by A13; end; hence thesis by TARSKI:def 3; end; hence F is closed by A3,A6,A7,TEX_4:37; end; begin :: 3. Stone Retraction Mapping Theorems. reserve X for non empty TopSpace, X0 for non empty maximal_Kolmogorov_subspace of X; theorem Th18: for r being map of X,X0 for M being Subset of X st M = the carrier of X0 holds (for a being Point of X holds M /\ MaxADSet(a) = {r.a}) implies r is continuous map of X,X0 proof let r be map of X,X0; let M be Subset of X; assume A1: M = the carrier of X0; assume A2: for a being Point of X holds M /\ MaxADSet(a) = {r.a}; reconsider N = M as Subset of X; A3: M = [#]X0 by A1,PRE_TOPC:12; A4: N is maximal_T_0 by A1,Th11; then A5: N is T_0 by Def4; for F being Subset of X0 holds F is closed implies r" F is closed proof let F be Subset of X0; assume A6: F is closed; reconsider E = F as Subset of X by A1,XBOOLE_1:1; consider P being Subset of X such that A7: P is closed and A8: P /\ M = F by A3,A6,PRE_TOPC:43; set R = {MaxADSet(a) where a is Point of X : a in E}; A9: union R = MaxADSet(E) by TEX_4:def 11; A10: MaxADSet(E) is closed by A4,A7,A8,Th5; A11: union R c= r" F proof now let C be set; assume C in R; then consider a being Point of X such that A12: C = MaxADSet(a) and A13: a in E; now let x be set; assume A14: x in C; then reconsider b = x as Point of X by A12; A15: MaxADSet(a) = MaxADSet(b) by A12,A14,TEX_4:23; A16: M /\ MaxADSet(a) = {a} by A1,A5,A13,Def2; M /\ MaxADSet(b) = {r.b} by A2; then a = r.x by A15,A16,ZFMISC_1:6; hence x in r" F by A12,A13,A14,FUNCT_2:46; end; hence C c= r" F by TARSKI:def 3; end; hence thesis by ZFMISC_1:94; end; r" F c= union R proof now let x be set; assume A17: x in r" F; then reconsider b = x as Point of X; A18: r.b in F by A17,FUNCT_2:46; E c= the carrier of X; then reconsider a = r.b as Point of X by A18; M /\ MaxADSet(b) = {a} by A2; then a in M /\ MaxADSet(b) by ZFMISC_1:37; then a in MaxADSet(b) by XBOOLE_0:def 3; then A19: MaxADSet(a) = MaxADSet(b) by TEX_4:23; MaxADSet(a) in R by A18; then A20: MaxADSet(a) c= union R by ZFMISC_1:92; b in {b} & {b} c= MaxADSet(b) by TARSKI:def 1,TEX_4:20; then b in MaxADSet(a) by A19; hence x in union R by A20; end; hence thesis by TARSKI:def 3; end; hence r" F is closed by A9,A10,A11,XBOOLE_0:def 10; end; hence thesis by PRE_TOPC:def 12; end; theorem for r being map of X,X0 holds (for a being Point of X holds r.a in MaxADSet(a)) implies r is continuous map of X,X0 proof let r be map of X,X0; the carrier of X0 is Subset of X by TSEP_1:1; then reconsider M = the carrier of X0 as Subset of X; A1: M c= the carrier of X; M is maximal_T_0 by Th11; then A2: M is T_0 by Def4; assume A3: for a being Point of X holds r.a in MaxADSet(a); for a being Point of X holds M /\ MaxADSet(a) = {r.a} proof let a be Point of X; reconsider s = r.a as Point of X by A1,TARSKI:def 3; A4: M /\ MaxADSet(s) = {s} by A2,Def2; s in MaxADSet(a) by A3; hence M /\ MaxADSet(a) = {r.a} by A4,TEX_4:23; end; hence thesis by Th18; end; theorem Th20: for r being continuous map of X,X0 for M being Subset of X st M = the carrier of X0 holds (for a being Point of X holds M /\ MaxADSet(a) = {r.a}) implies r is_a_retraction proof let r be continuous map of X,X0; let M be Subset of X; assume A1: M = the carrier of X0; assume A2: for a being Point of X holds M /\ MaxADSet(a) = {r.a}; reconsider N = M as Subset of X; N is maximal_T_0 by A1,Th11; then A3: N is T_0 by Def4; for x being Point of X st x in the carrier of X0 holds r.x = x proof let x be Point of X; assume x in the carrier of X0; then M /\ MaxADSet(x) = {r.x} & M /\ MaxADSet(x) = {x} by A1,A2,A3,Def2; hence thesis by ZFMISC_1:6; end; hence r is_a_retraction by BORSUK_1:def 19; end; theorem Th21: for r being continuous map of X,X0 holds (for a being Point of X holds r.a in MaxADSet(a)) implies r is_a_retraction proof let r be continuous map of X,X0; the carrier of X0 is Subset of X by TSEP_1:1; then reconsider M = the carrier of X0 as Subset of X; A1: M c= the carrier of X; M is maximal_T_0 by Th11; then A2: M is T_0 by Def4; assume A3: for a being Point of X holds r.a in MaxADSet(a); for a being Point of X holds M /\ MaxADSet(a) = {r.a} proof let a be Point of X; reconsider s = r.a as Point of X by A1,TARSKI:def 3; A4: M /\ MaxADSet(s) = {s} by A2,Def2; s in MaxADSet(a) by A3; hence M /\ MaxADSet(a) = {r.a} by A4,TEX_4:23; end; hence r is_a_retraction by Th20; end; theorem Th22: ex r being continuous map of X,X0 st r is_a_retraction proof the carrier of X0 is Subset of X by TSEP_1:1; then reconsider M = the carrier of X0 as Subset of X; A1: M is maximal_T_0 by Th11; defpred X[Point of X,set] means M /\ MaxADSet $1 = {$2}; A2: for x being Point of X ex a being Point of X0 st X[x,a] proof let x be Point of X; consider a being Point of X such that A3: a in M and A4: M /\ MaxADSet(x) = {a} by A1,Def6; reconsider a as Point of X0 by A3; take a; thus thesis by A4; end; consider r being map of X,X0 such that A5: for x being Point of X holds X[x,r.x] from MapExChoiceF(A2); reconsider r as continuous map of X,X0 by A5,Th18; take r; thus r is_a_retraction by A5,Th20; end; theorem X0 is_a_retract_of X proof consider r being continuous map of X,X0 such that A1: r is_a_retraction by Th22; thus thesis by A1,BORSUK_1:def 20; end; Lm2: for r being continuous map of X,X0 holds r is_a_retraction implies for a being Point of X, b being Point of X0 st a = b holds r" Cl {b} = Cl {a} proof let r be continuous map of X,X0; assume A1: r is_a_retraction; let a be Point of X, b be Point of X0; assume A2: a = b; the carrier of X0 is Subset of X by TSEP_1:1; then reconsider A = the carrier of X0 as Subset of X; A3: A is maximal_T_0 by Th11; A4: Cl {a} c= r" Cl {b} proof {b} c= Cl {b} by PRE_TOPC:48; then A5: r" {b} c= r" Cl {b} by RELAT_1:178; r.a = b & b in {b} by A1,A2,BORSUK_1:def 19,TARSKI:def 1; then a in r" {b} by FUNCT_2:46; then A6: {a} c= r" Cl {b} by A5,ZFMISC_1:37; Cl {b} is closed by PCOMPS_1:4; then r" Cl {b} is closed by PRE_TOPC:def 12; hence thesis by A6,TOPS_1:31; end; r" Cl {b} c= Cl {a} proof assume not r" Cl {b} c= Cl {a}; then consider c being set such that A7: c in r" Cl {b} and A8: not c in Cl {a} by TARSKI:def 3; reconsider c as Point of X by A7; Cl {b} is closed by PCOMPS_1:4; then r" Cl {b} is closed by PRE_TOPC:def 12; then A9: MaxADSet(c) c= r" Cl {b} by A7,TEX_4:25; consider d being Point of X such that A10: d in A and A11: A /\ MaxADSet(c) = {d} by A3,Def6; reconsider e = d as Point of X0 by A10; A12: {d} c= MaxADSet(c) by A11,XBOOLE_1:17; then {d} c= r" Cl {b} by A9,XBOOLE_1:1; then A13: d in r" Cl {b} by ZFMISC_1:37; r.d = e by A1,BORSUK_1:def 19; then A14: e in Cl {b} by A13,FUNCT_2:46; A15: Cl {b} c= Cl {a} by A2,TOPS_3:53; d in MaxADSet(c) by A12,ZFMISC_1:37; then A16: MaxADSet(d) = MaxADSet(c) by TEX_4:23; {c} c= MaxADSet(c) by TEX_4:20; then A17: c in MaxADSet(c) by ZFMISC_1:37; Cl {a} is closed by PCOMPS_1:4; then MaxADSet(d) c= Cl {a} by A14,A15,TEX_4:25; hence contradiction by A8,A16,A17; end; hence r" Cl {b} = Cl {a} by A4,XBOOLE_0:def 10; end; Lm3: for r being continuous map of X,X0 holds r is_a_retraction implies for A being Subset of X st A = the carrier of X0 for a being Point of X holds A /\ MaxADSet(a) = {r.a} proof let r be continuous map of X,X0; assume A1: r is_a_retraction; let A be Subset of X; reconsider N = A as Subset of X; assume A2: A = the carrier of X0; then A3: N is maximal_T_0 by Th11; then A4: N is T_0 by Def4; let a be Point of X; consider c being Point of X such that A5: c in A and A6: A /\ MaxADSet(a) = {c} by A3,Def6; reconsider b = c as Point of X0 by A2,A5; A7: r" Cl {b} = Cl {c} by A1,Lm2; r.a in A by A2; then reconsider d = r.a as Point of X; A8: r" Cl {r.a} = Cl {d} by A1,Lm2; {r.a} c= Cl {r.a} by PRE_TOPC:48; then r.a in Cl {r.a} by ZFMISC_1:37; then A9: a in Cl {d} by A8,FUNCT_2:46; A10: Cl {d} is closed by PCOMPS_1:4; {c} c= MaxADSet(a) by A6,XBOOLE_1:17; then c in MaxADSet(a) by ZFMISC_1:37; then A11: MaxADSet(c) = MaxADSet(a) by TEX_4:23; then A12: MaxADSet(c) c= Cl {d} by A9,A10,TEX_4:25; {c} c= MaxADSet(c) by TEX_4:20; then {c} c= Cl {d} by A12,XBOOLE_1:1; then A13: Cl {c} c= Cl {d} by TEX_4:3; A14: {a} c= MaxADSet(a) by TEX_4:20; {c} c= r" Cl {b} by A7,PRE_TOPC:48; then A15: c in r" Cl {b} by ZFMISC_1:37; r" Cl {b} is closed by A7,PCOMPS_1:4; then MaxADSet(a) c= r" Cl {b} by A11,A15,TEX_4:25; then {a} c= r" Cl {b} by A14,XBOOLE_1:1; then a in r" Cl {b} by ZFMISC_1:37; then A16: r.a in Cl {b} by FUNCT_2:46; Cl {b} c= Cl {c} by TOPS_3:53; then {d} c= Cl {c} by A16,ZFMISC_1:37; then Cl {d} c= Cl {c} by TEX_4:3; then Cl {d} = Cl {c} by A13,XBOOLE_0:def 10; then MaxADSet(d) = MaxADSet(a) by A11,TEX_4:51; hence A /\ MaxADSet(a) = {r.a} by A2,A4,Def2; end; Lm4: for r being continuous map of X,X0 holds r is_a_retraction implies for a being Point of X, b being Point of X0 st a = b holds MaxADSet(a) c= r" {b} proof let r be continuous map of X,X0; assume A1: r is_a_retraction; let a be Point of X, b be Point of X0; assume A2: a = b; the carrier of X0 is Subset of X by TSEP_1:1; then reconsider A = the carrier of X0 as Subset of X; A is maximal_T_0 by Th11; then A3: A is T_0 by Def4; r.a = b by A1,A2,BORSUK_1:def 19; then A4: A /\ MaxADSet(a) = {b} by A1,Lm3; assume not MaxADSet(a) c= r" {b}; then consider s being set such that A5: s in MaxADSet(a) and A6: not s in r" {b} by TARSKI:def 3; reconsider s as Point of X by A5; A7: r" Cl {b} = Cl {a} by A1,A2,Lm2; A c= the carrier of X; then reconsider d = r.s as Point of X by TARSKI:def 3; A8: r" Cl {r.s} = Cl {d} by A1,Lm2; {r.s} c= Cl {r.s} by PRE_TOPC:48; then r.s in Cl {r.s} by ZFMISC_1:37; then A9: s in Cl {d} by A8,FUNCT_2:46; A10: Cl {d} is closed by PCOMPS_1:4; A11: MaxADSet(a) = MaxADSet(s) by A5,TEX_4:23; then A12: MaxADSet(a) c= Cl {d} by A9,A10,TEX_4:25; {a} c= MaxADSet(a) by TEX_4:20; then {a} c= Cl {d} by A12,XBOOLE_1:1; then A13: Cl {a} c= Cl {d} by TEX_4:3; A14: {s} c= MaxADSet(s) by TEX_4:20; {a} c= r" Cl {b} by A7,PRE_TOPC:48; then A15: a in r" Cl {b} by ZFMISC_1:37; r" Cl {b} is closed by A7,PCOMPS_1:4; then MaxADSet(s) c= r" Cl {b} by A11,A15,TEX_4:25; then {s} c= r" Cl {b} by A14,XBOOLE_1:1; then s in r" Cl {b} by ZFMISC_1:37; then A16: r.s in Cl {b} by FUNCT_2:46; Cl {b} c= Cl {a} by A2,TOPS_3:53; then {d} c= Cl {a} by A16,ZFMISC_1:37; then Cl {d} c= Cl {a} by TEX_4:3; then Cl {d} = Cl {a} by A13,XBOOLE_0:def 10; then MaxADSet(d) = MaxADSet(a) by TEX_4:51; then {b} = {r.s} by A3,A4,Def2; then r.s in {b} by ZFMISC_1:37; hence contradiction by A6,FUNCT_2:46; end; Lm5: for r being continuous map of X,X0 holds r is_a_retraction implies for a being Point of X, b being Point of X0 st a = b holds r" {b} = MaxADSet(a) proof let r be continuous map of X,X0; assume A1: r is_a_retraction; let a be Point of X, b be Point of X0; assume A2: a = b; then A3: MaxADSet(a) c= r" {b} by A1,Lm4; reconsider A = the carrier of X0 as Subset of X by TSEP_1:1; r" {b} c= MaxADSet(a) proof assume not r" {b} c= MaxADSet(a); then consider s being set such that A4: s in r" {b} and A5: not s in MaxADSet(a) by TARSKI:def 3; reconsider s as Point of X by A4; r.s in {b} by A4,FUNCT_2:46; then {r.s} c= {b} by ZFMISC_1:37; then {r.s} = {b} by ZFMISC_1:24; then A /\ MaxADSet(s) = {b} by A1,Lm3; then {a} c= MaxADSet(s) by A2,XBOOLE_1:17; then a in MaxADSet(s) by ZFMISC_1:37; then A6: MaxADSet(s) = MaxADSet(a) by TEX_4:23; {s} c= MaxADSet(s) by TEX_4:20; hence contradiction by A5,A6,ZFMISC_1:37; end; hence thesis by A3,XBOOLE_0:def 10; end; Lm6: for r being continuous map of X,X0 holds r is_a_retraction implies for E being Subset of X, F being Subset of X0 st F = E holds r" F = MaxADSet(E) proof let r be continuous map of X,X0; assume A1: r is_a_retraction; let E be Subset of X, F be Subset of X0; assume A2: F = E; the carrier of X0 is Subset of X by TSEP_1:1; then reconsider A = the carrier of X0 as Subset of X; A is maximal_T_0 by Th11; then A3: A is T_0 by Def4; set R = {MaxADSet(a) where a is Point of X : a in E}; A4: MaxADSet(E) = union R by TEX_4:def 11; A5: union R c= r" F proof now let C be set; assume C in R; then consider a being Point of X such that A6: C = MaxADSet(a) and A7: a in E; now let x be set; assume A8: x in C; then reconsider b = x as Point of X by A6; A9: MaxADSet(a) = MaxADSet(b) by A6,A8,TEX_4:23; A10: A /\ MaxADSet(a) = {a} by A2,A3,A7,Def2; A /\ MaxADSet(b) = {r.b} by A1,Lm3; then a = r.x by A9,A10,ZFMISC_1:6; hence x in r" F by A2,A6,A7,A8,FUNCT_2:46; end; hence C c= r" F by TARSKI:def 3; end; hence thesis by ZFMISC_1:94; end; r" F c= union R proof now let x be set; assume A11: x in r" F; then reconsider b = x as Point of X; A12: r.b in F by A11,FUNCT_2:46; then reconsider a = r.b as Point of X by A2; A /\ MaxADSet(b) = {a} by A1,Lm3; then a in A /\ MaxADSet(b) by ZFMISC_1:37; then a in MaxADSet(b) by XBOOLE_0:def 3; then A13: MaxADSet(a) = MaxADSet(b) by TEX_4:23; MaxADSet(a) in R by A2,A12; then A14: MaxADSet(a) c= union R by ZFMISC_1:92; {b} c= MaxADSet(b) by TEX_4:20; then b in MaxADSet(a) by A13,ZFMISC_1:37; hence x in union R by A14; end; hence thesis by TARSKI:def 3; end; hence r" F = MaxADSet(E) by A4,A5,XBOOLE_0:def 10; end; definition let X be non empty TopSpace, X0 be non empty maximal_Kolmogorov_subspace of X; func Stone-retraction(X,X0) -> continuous map of X,X0 means :Def9: it is_a_retraction; existence by Th22; uniqueness proof let r1, r2 be continuous map of X,X0; assume A1: r1 is_a_retraction & r2 is_a_retraction; reconsider M = the carrier of X0 as non empty Subset of X by TSEP_1:1; for x being set st x in the carrier of X holds r1.x = r2.x proof let x be set; assume x in the carrier of X; then reconsider a = x as Point of X; M /\ MaxADSet(a) = {r1.a} & M /\ MaxADSet(a) = {r2.a} by A1,Lm3; hence thesis by ZFMISC_1:6; end; hence r1 = r2 by FUNCT_2:18; end; end; theorem for a being Point of X, b being Point of X0 st a = b holds (Stone-retraction(X,X0))" Cl {b} = Cl {a} proof let a be Point of X, b be Point of X0; assume A1: a = b; Stone-retraction(X,X0) is_a_retraction by Def9; hence thesis by A1,Lm2; end; theorem Th25: for a being Point of X, b being Point of X0 st a = b holds (Stone-retraction(X,X0))" {b} = MaxADSet(a) proof let a be Point of X, b be Point of X0; assume A1: a = b; Stone-retraction(X,X0) is_a_retraction by Def9; hence thesis by A1,Lm5; end; theorem Th26: for E being Subset of X, F being Subset of X0 st F = E holds (Stone-retraction(X,X0))" (F) = MaxADSet(E) proof let E be Subset of X, F be Subset of X0; assume A1: F = E; Stone-retraction(X,X0) is_a_retraction by Def9; hence thesis by A1,Lm6; end; definition let X be non empty TopSpace, X0 be non empty maximal_Kolmogorov_subspace of X; redefine func Stone-retraction(X,X0) -> continuous map of X,X0 means :Def10: for M being Subset of X st M = the carrier of X0 for a being Point of X holds M /\ MaxADSet(a) = {it.a}; compatibility proof let r be continuous map of X,X0; thus r = Stone-retraction(X,X0) implies for M being Subset of X st M = the carrier of X0 for a being Point of X holds M /\ MaxADSet(a) = {r.a} proof assume A1: r = Stone-retraction(X,X0); let M be Subset of X; assume A2: M = the carrier of X0; Stone-retraction(X,X0) is_a_retraction by Def9; hence thesis by A1,A2,Lm3; end; reconsider M = the carrier of X0 as Subset of X by TSEP_1:1; assume for A being Subset of X st A = the carrier of X0 for a being Point of X holds A /\ MaxADSet(a) = {r.a}; then for a being Point of X holds M /\ MaxADSet(a) = {r.a}; then r is_a_retraction by Th20; hence r = Stone-retraction(X,X0) by Def9; end; coherence; end; definition let X be non empty TopSpace, X0 be non empty maximal_Kolmogorov_subspace of X; redefine func Stone-retraction(X,X0) -> continuous map of X,X0 means :Def11: for a being Point of X holds it.a in MaxADSet(a); compatibility proof let r be continuous map of X,X0; reconsider A = the carrier of X0 as Subset of X by TSEP_1:1; thus r = Stone-retraction(X,X0) implies for a being Point of X holds r.a in MaxADSet(a) proof assume A1: r = Stone-retraction(X,X0); let a be Point of X; A /\ MaxADSet(a) = {r.a} by A1,Def10; then {r.a} c= MaxADSet(a) by XBOOLE_1:17; hence thesis by ZFMISC_1:37; end; assume for a being Point of X holds r.a in MaxADSet(a); then r is_a_retraction by Th21; hence r = Stone-retraction(X,X0) by Def9; end; coherence; end; theorem Th27: for a being Point of X holds (Stone-retraction(X,X0))" {(Stone-retraction(X,X0)).a} = MaxADSet(a) proof let a be Point of X; reconsider A = the carrier of X0 as Subset of X by TSEP_1:1; set r = Stone-retraction(X,X0); r.a in A & A c= the carrier of X; then reconsider b = r.a as Point of X; A1: r" {r.a} = MaxADSet(b) by Th25; r.a in MaxADSet(a) by Def11; hence thesis by A1,TEX_4:23; end; theorem for a being Point of X holds (Stone-retraction(X,X0)).: {a} = (Stone-retraction(X,X0)).: MaxADSet(a) proof let a be Point of X; set r = Stone-retraction(X,X0); dom r = [#]X by TOPS_2:51; then A1: dom r = the carrier of X by PRE_TOPC:12; A2: r" {r.a} = MaxADSet(a) by Th27; then r.: r" {r.a} c= {r.a} & r.: r" {r.a} <> {} by A1,FUNCT_1:145, RELAT_1:152; then r.: r" {r.a} = {r.a} by ZFMISC_1:39; hence thesis by A1,A2,FUNCT_1:117; end; definition let X be non empty TopSpace, X0 be non empty maximal_Kolmogorov_subspace of X; redefine func Stone-retraction(X,X0) -> continuous map of X,X0 means :Def12: for M being Subset of X st M = the carrier of X0 for A being Subset of X holds M /\ MaxADSet(A) = it.: A; compatibility proof let r be continuous map of X,X0; dom r = [#]X by TOPS_2:51; then A1: dom r = the carrier of X by PRE_TOPC:12; thus r = Stone-retraction(X,X0) implies for M being Subset of X st M = the carrier of X0 for A being Subset of X holds M /\ MaxADSet(A) = r.: A proof assume A2: r = Stone-retraction(X,X0); let M be Subset of X; reconsider N = M as Subset of X; assume A3: M = the carrier of X0; then N is maximal_T_0 by Th11; then A4: N is T_0 by Def4; let A be Subset of X; A5: M /\ MaxADSet(A) c= r.: A proof for x being set st x in M /\ MaxADSet(A) holds x in r.: A proof let x be set; assume A6: x in M /\ MaxADSet(A); then reconsider c = x as Point of X; c in M by A6,XBOOLE_0:def 3; then A7: M /\ MaxADSet(c) = {c} by A4,Def2; c in MaxADSet(A) by A6,XBOOLE_0:def 3; then c in union {MaxADSet(a) where a is Point of X : a in A} by TEX_4:def 11; then consider D being set such that A8: c in D and A9: D in {MaxADSet(a) where a is Point of X : a in A} by TARSKI:def 4; consider a being Point of X such that A10: D = MaxADSet(a) and A11: a in A by A9; MaxADSet(c) = MaxADSet(a) by A8,A10,TEX_4:23; then {r.a} = {c} by A2,A3,A7,Def10; then r.a = c by ZFMISC_1:6; hence thesis by A11,FUNCT_2:43; end; hence thesis by TARSKI:def 3; end; r.: A c= M /\ MaxADSet(A) proof for x being set st x in r.: A holds x in M /\ MaxADSet(A) proof let x be set; assume A12: x in r.: A; then reconsider b = x as Point of X0; consider a being set such that A13: a in the carrier of X and A14: a in A and A15: b = r.a by A12,FUNCT_2:115; reconsider a as Point of X by A13; A16: M /\ MaxADSet(a) = {b} by A2,A3,A15,Def10; {a} c= A by A14,ZFMISC_1:37; then MaxADSet({a}) c= MaxADSet(A) by TEX_4:33; then MaxADSet(a) c= MaxADSet(A) by TEX_4:30; then M /\ MaxADSet(a) c= M /\ MaxADSet(A) by XBOOLE_1:26; hence x in M /\ MaxADSet(A) by A16,ZFMISC_1:37; end; hence thesis by TARSKI:def 3; end; hence thesis by A5,XBOOLE_0:def 10; end; assume A17: for M being Subset of X st M = the carrier of X0 for A being Subset of X holds M /\ MaxADSet(A) = r.: A; for M being Subset of X st M = the carrier of X0 for a being Point of X holds M /\ MaxADSet(a) = {r.a} proof let M be Subset of X; assume A18: M = the carrier of X0; let a be Point of X; M /\ MaxADSet({a}) = r.: {a} by A17,A18; then M /\ MaxADSet(a) = r.: {a} by TEX_4:30; hence thesis by A1,FUNCT_1:117; end; hence r = Stone-retraction(X,X0) by Def10; end; coherence; end; theorem Th29: for A being Subset of X holds (Stone-retraction(X,X0))"((Stone-retraction(X,X0)).: A) = MaxADSet(A) proof let A be Subset of X; reconsider C = the carrier of X0 as non empty Subset of X by TSEP_1:1; set r = Stone-retraction(X,X0); C c= the carrier of X; then reconsider B = r.: A as Subset of X by XBOOLE_1:1; A1: r" (r.: A) = MaxADSet(B) by Th26; then A2: A c= MaxADSet(B) by FUNCT_2:50; C /\ MaxADSet(A) = B by Def12; then B c= MaxADSet(A) by XBOOLE_1:17; hence thesis by A1,A2,TEX_4:37; end; theorem for A being Subset of X holds (Stone-retraction(X,X0)).: A = (Stone-retraction(X,X0)).: MaxADSet(A) proof let A be Subset of X; set r = Stone-retraction(X,X0); A c= the carrier of X & rng r = r.: the carrier of X by FUNCT_2:45; then A1: r.: A c= rng r by RELAT_1:156; r.: r" (r.: A) = r.: MaxADSet(A) by Th29; hence thesis by A1,FUNCT_1:147; end; theorem for A, B being Subset of X holds (Stone-retraction(X,X0)).:(A \/ B) = (Stone-retraction(X,X0)).:(A) \/ (Stone-retraction(X,X0)).:(B) proof reconsider M = the carrier of X0 as Subset of X by TSEP_1:1; set r = Stone-retraction(X,X0); let A, B be Subset of X; r.: (A \/ B) = M /\ (MaxADSet(A \/ B)) by Def12 .= M /\ (MaxADSet(A) \/ MaxADSet(B)) by TEX_4:38 .= (M /\ MaxADSet(A)) \/ (M /\ MaxADSet(B)) by XBOOLE_1:23 .= (r.: A) \/ (M /\ MaxADSet(B)) by Def12 .= (r.: A) \/ (r.: B) by Def12; hence thesis; end; theorem for A, B being Subset of X st A is open or B is open holds (Stone-retraction(X,X0)).:(A /\ B) = (Stone-retraction(X,X0)).:(A) /\ (Stone-retraction(X,X0)).:(B) proof reconsider M = the carrier of X0 as Subset of X by TSEP_1:1; set r = Stone-retraction(X,X0); let A, B be Subset of X; assume A1: A is open or B is open; r.: (A /\ B) = M /\ (MaxADSet(A /\ B)) by Def12 .= (M /\ M) /\ (MaxADSet(A) /\ MaxADSet(B)) by A1,TEX_4:67 .= M /\ (M /\ (MaxADSet(A) /\ MaxADSet(B))) by XBOOLE_1:16 .= ((M /\ MaxADSet(A)) /\ MaxADSet(B)) /\ M by XBOOLE_1:16 .= (M /\ MaxADSet(A)) /\ (M /\ MaxADSet(B)) by XBOOLE_1:16 .= (r.: A) /\ (M /\ MaxADSet(B)) by Def12 .= (r.: A) /\ (r.: B) by Def12; hence thesis; end; theorem for A, B being Subset of X st A is closed or B is closed holds (Stone-retraction(X,X0)).:(A /\ B) = (Stone-retraction(X,X0)).:(A) /\ (Stone-retraction(X,X0)).:(B) proof reconsider M = the carrier of X0 as Subset of X by TSEP_1:1; set r = Stone-retraction(X,X0); let A, B be Subset of X; assume A1: A is closed or B is closed; r.: (A /\ B) = M /\ (MaxADSet(A /\ B)) by Def12 .= (M /\ M) /\ (MaxADSet(A) /\ MaxADSet(B)) by A1,TEX_4:66 .= M /\ (M /\ (MaxADSet(A) /\ MaxADSet(B))) by XBOOLE_1:16 .= ((M /\ MaxADSet(A)) /\ MaxADSet(B)) /\ M by XBOOLE_1:16 .= (M /\ MaxADSet(A)) /\ (M /\ MaxADSet(B)) by XBOOLE_1:16 .= (r.: A) /\ (M /\ MaxADSet(B)) by Def12 .= (r.: A) /\ (r.: B) by Def12; hence thesis; end; theorem for A being Subset of X holds A is open implies (Stone-retraction(X,X0)).:(A) is open proof let A be Subset of X; reconsider M = the carrier of X0 as Subset of X by TSEP_1:1; set B = (Stone-retraction(X,X0)).:(A); assume A1: A is open; then A = MaxADSet(A) by TEX_4:58; then A /\ M = B by Def12; hence (Stone-retraction(X,X0)).:(A) is open by A1,TSP_1:def 1; end; theorem for A being Subset of X holds A is closed implies (Stone-retraction(X,X0)).:(A) is closed proof let A be Subset of X; reconsider M = the carrier of X0 as Subset of X by TSEP_1:1; set B = (Stone-retraction(X,X0)).:(A); assume A1: A is closed; then A = MaxADSet(A) by TEX_4:62; then A /\ M = B by Def12; hence (Stone-retraction(X,X0)).:A is closed by A1,TSP_1:def 2; end;