Copyright (c) 1993 Association of Mizar Users
environ vocabulary TARSKI, SETFAM_1, BOOLE, LATTICES, FILTER_0, GROUP_6, FUNCT_1, MOD_4, RELAT_1, WELLORD1, FILTER_1, ZF_LANG, SUBSET_1, FINSUB_1, LATTICE2, SETWISEO, BINOP_1, FUNCOP_1, VECTSP_1, LATTICE4, HAHNBAN; notation TARSKI, XBOOLE_0, ZFMISC_1, SUBSET_1, SETFAM_1, RELAT_1, ORDINAL1, FUNCT_1, FUNCT_2, BINOP_1, FINSUB_1, STRUCT_0, LATTICES, LATTICE2, FILTER_0, FUNCOP_1, SETWISEO, GRCAT_1, WELLORD1, FILTER_1; constructors BINOP_1, LATTICE2, SETWISEO, GRCAT_1, WELLORD1, FILTER_1, DOMAIN_1, XBOOLE_0, TOPS_2; clusters LATTICES, FILTER_0, STRUCT_0, FINSUB_1, RELSET_1, SUBSET_1, XBOOLE_0, ZFMISC_1; requirements BOOLE, SUBSET; definitions TARSKI, FILTER_0, LATTICES, XBOOLE_0; theorems LATTICES, ZFMISC_1, FUNCT_2, FILTER_0, SETFAM_1, ORDERS_2, TARSKI, TMAP_1, SETWISEO, LATTICE2, FUNCOP_1, FILTER_1, WELLORD1, RELAT_1, XBOOLE_0, XBOOLE_1; schemes FUNCT_2, SETWISEO, COMPLSP1, XBOOLE_0; begin :: Preliminaries reserve x,y,X,X1,Y,Z for set; theorem union Y c= Z & X in Y implies X c= Z proof assume that A1: union Y c= Z and A2: X in Y; thus X c= Z proof let x be set; assume x in X; then x in union Y by A2,TARSKI:def 4; hence x in Z by A1; end; end; theorem union INTERSECTION(X,Y) = union X /\ union Y proof thus union INTERSECTION(X,Y) c= union X /\ union Y by SETFAM_1:39; let x be set; assume x in union X /\ union Y; then A1: x in union X & x in union Y by XBOOLE_0:def 3; then consider X0 being set such that A2: x in X0 & X0 in X by TARSKI:def 4; consider Y0 being set such that A3: x in Y0 & Y0 in Y by A1,TARSKI:def 4; A4: X0 /\ Y0 in INTERSECTION(X,Y) by A2,A3,SETFAM_1:def 5; x in X0 /\ Y0 by A2,A3,XBOOLE_0:def 3; hence x in union INTERSECTION(X,Y) by A4,TARSKI:def 4; end; theorem for X st X <> {} & for Z st Z <> {} & Z c= X & Z is c=-linear ex Y st Y in X & for X1 st X1 in Z holds X1 c= Y ex Y st Y in X & for Z st Z in X & Z <> Y holds not Y c= Z proof let X such that A1: X <> {} & for Z st Z <> {} & Z c= X & Z is c=-linear ex Y st Y in X & for X1 st X1 in Z holds X1 c= Y; for Z st Z c= X & Z is c=-linear ex Y st Y in X & for X1 st X1 in Z holds X1 c= Y proof let Z such that A2: Z c= X & Z is c=-linear; per cases; suppose A3: Z = {}; consider Y being Element of X; for X1 st X1 in Z holds X1 c= Y by A3; hence ex Y st Y in X & for X1 st X1 in Z holds X1 c= Y by A1; suppose Z <> {}; hence ex Y st Y in X & for X1 st X1 in Z holds X1 c= Y by A1,A2; end; hence thesis by A1,ORDERS_2:77; end; begin :: Lattice Theory reserve L for Lattice; reserve F,H for Filter of L; reserve p,q,r for Element of L; theorem <.L.) is prime proof let p,q; p in the carrier of L & q in the carrier of L & p"\/"q in the carrier of L ; hence p"\/"q in<.L.) iff p in <.L.) or q in <.L.) by FILTER_0:def 2; end; theorem F c= <.F \/ H.) & H c= <.F \/ H.) proof A1: F c= F \/ H & H c= F \/ H by XBOOLE_1:7; F \/ H c= <.F \/ H.) by FILTER_0:def 5; hence thesis by A1,XBOOLE_1:1; end; theorem p in <.<.q.) \/ F.) implies ex r st r in F & q "/\" r [= p proof assume A1: p in <.<.q.) \/ F.); <.<.q.) \/ F.)={r : ex p',q' being Element of L st p'"/\"q' [= r & p' in <.q.) & q' in F} by FILTER_0:48; then ex r st r=p & ex p',q' being Element of L st p'"/\"q' [= r & p' in <.q.) & q' in F by A1; then consider p',q' being Element of L such that A2: p' "/\" q' [= p & p' in <.q.) & q' in F; q [= p' by A2,FILTER_0:18; then q "/\" q' [= p' "/\" q' by LATTICES:27; then q "/\" q' [= p by A2,LATTICES:25; hence thesis by A2; end; reserve L1, L2 for Lattice; reserve a1,b1 for Element of L1; reserve a2 for Element of L2; definition let L1,L2; mode Homomorphism of L1,L2 -> Function of the carrier of L1, the carrier of L2 means :Def1: it.(a1 "\/" b1) = it.a1 "\/" it.b1 & it.(a1 "/\" b1) = it.a1 "/\" it.b1; existence proof consider b being Element of L2; defpred P[set,set] means for a1 st $1=a1 holds $2=b; A1: now let x be Element of L1; take b; thus P[x,b]; end; consider f being Function of the carrier of L1,the carrier of L2 such that A2: for x being Element of L1 holds P[x,f.x] from FuncExD(A1); take f; now let a1,b1; thus f.(a1 "\/" b1) = b by A2 .= b "\/" b by LATTICES:17 .= f.a1 "\/" b by A2 .= f.a1 "\/" f.b1 by A2; thus f.(a1 "/\" b1) = b by A2 .= b "/\" b by LATTICES:18 .= f.a1 "/\" b by A2 .= f.a1 "/\" f.b1 by A2; end; hence thesis; end; end; reserve f for Homomorphism of L1,L2; theorem Th7: a1 [= b1 implies f.a1 [= f.b1 proof assume A1:a1 [= b1; thus f.a1 [= f.b1 proof thus f.a1 "\/" f.b1 = f.(a1 "\/" b1) by Def1 .=f.b1 by A1,LATTICES:def 3; end; end; definition let L1,L2; let f be Function of the carrier of L1, the carrier of L2; attr f is monomorphism means :Def2: f is one-to-one; attr f is epimorphism means :Def3: rng f = the carrier of L2; end; theorem Th8: f is monomorphism implies (a1 [= b1 iff (f.a1) [= (f.b1)) proof assume f is monomorphism; then A1: f is one-to-one by Def2; reconsider f as Function of the carrier of L1,the carrier of L2; f.a1 [= f.b1 implies a1 [= b1 proof assume f.a1 [= f.b1; then f.a1 "\/" f.b1 = f.b1 by LATTICES:def 3; then f.(a1 "\/" b1) =f.b1 by Def1; hence a1 "\/" b1 = b1 by A1,FUNCT_2:25; end; hence thesis by Th7; end; theorem Th9: for f being Function of the carrier of L1, the carrier of L2 holds f is epimorphism implies (for a2 ex a1 st a2 = f.a1) proof let f be Function of the carrier of L1, the carrier of L2; assume A1: f is epimorphism; reconsider g = f as Function of the carrier of L1,the carrier of L2; A2:rng g = the carrier of L2 by A1,Def3; now let a2 be Element of L2; consider x be set such that A3: x in the carrier of L1 & g.x = a2 by A2,FUNCT_2:17; thus ex a1 st g.a1 = a2 by A3; end; hence thesis; end; definition let L1,L2,f; attr f is isomorphism means :Def4: f is monomorphism epimorphism; end; definition let L1,L2; redefine pred L1,L2 are_isomorphic means ex f st f is isomorphism; compatibility proof thus L1,L2 are_isomorphic implies ex f st f is isomorphism proof assume L1,L2 are_isomorphic; then LattRel L1, LattRel L2 are_isomorphic by FILTER_1:def 9; then consider F being Function such that A1: F is_isomorphism_of LattRel L1, LattRel L2 by WELLORD1:def 8; set R = LattRel L1, S = LattRel L2; A2: field S = the carrier of L2 & field R = the carrier of L1 by FILTER_1:33; A3: dom F = field R & rng F = field S & F is one-to-one & for a,b being set holds [a,b] in R iff a in field R & b in field R & [F.a,F.b] in S by A1,WELLORD1:def 7; then reconsider F as Function of the carrier of L1, the carrier of L2 by A2,FUNCT_2:3; now let a1,b1 be Element of L1; reconsider a1'=a1,b1'=b1 as Element of L1; A4: F is epimorphism by A2,A3,Def3; thus F.(a1 "\/" b1) = F.a1 "\/" F.b1 proof consider k1 being Element of L1 such that A5: F.a1 "\/" F.b1 = F.k1 by A4,Th9; F.a1 [= F.k1 & F.b1 [= F.k1 by A5,LATTICES:22; then [F.a1,F.k1] in LattRel L2 & [F.b1,F.k1] in LattRel L2 by FILTER_1 :32; then [a1,k1] in LattRel L1 & [b1,k1] in LattRel L1 by A1,A2,WELLORD1: def 7; then a1 [= k1 & b1 [= k1 by FILTER_1:32; then a1 "\/" b1 [= k1 by FILTER_0:6; then [a1 "\/" b1,k1] in R by FILTER_1:32; then [F.(a1 "\/" b1),F.k1] in LattRel L2 by A1,WELLORD1:def 7; then A6: F.(a1 "\/" b1) [= F.a1 "\/" F.b1 by A5,FILTER_1:32; a1' [= a1' "\/" b1' by LATTICES:22; then [a1,a1 "\/" b1] in R by FILTER_1:32; then [F.a1,F.(a1 "\/" b1)] in S by A1,WELLORD1:def 7; then A7: F.a1' [= F.(a1' "\/" b1') by FILTER_1:32; b1' [= a1' "\/" b1' by LATTICES:22; then [b1,a1 "\/" b1] in R by FILTER_1:32; then [F.b1,F.(a1 "\/" b1)] in S by A1,WELLORD1:def 7; then F.b1' [= F.(a1' "\/" b1') by FILTER_1:32; then F.a1 "\/" F.b1 [= F.(a1 "\/" b1) by A7,FILTER_0:6; hence thesis by A6,LATTICES:26; end; thus F.(a1 "/\" b1) = F.a1 "/\" F.b1 proof consider k1 being Element of L1 such that A8: F.a1 "/\" F.b1 = F.k1 by A4,Th9; F.k1 [= F.a1 & F.k1 [= F.b1 by A8,LATTICES:23; then [F.k1,F.a1] in LattRel L2 & [F.k1,F.b1] in LattRel L2 by FILTER_1 :32; then [k1,a1] in LattRel L1 & [k1,b1] in LattRel L1 by A1,A2,WELLORD1: def 7; then k1 [= a1 & k1 [= b1 by FILTER_1:32; then k1 [= a1 "/\" b1 by FILTER_0:7; then [k1,a1 "/\" b1] in LattRel L1 by FILTER_1:32; then [F.k1,F.(a1 "/\" b1)] in LattRel L2 by A1,WELLORD1:def 7; then A9: F.a1 "/\" F.b1 [= F.(a1 "/\" b1) by A8,FILTER_1:32; a1' "/\" b1' [= a1' by LATTICES:23; then [a1 "/\" b1,a1] in R by FILTER_1:32; then [F.(a1 "/\" b1),F.a1] in S by A1,WELLORD1:def 7; then A10: F.(a1' "/\" b1') [= F.a1' by FILTER_1:32; a1' "/\" b1' [= b1' by LATTICES:23; then [a1 "/\" b1,b1] in R by FILTER_1:32; then [F.(a1 "/\" b1),F.b1] in S by A1,WELLORD1:def 7; then F.(a1' "/\" b1') [= F.b1' by FILTER_1:32; then F.(a1 "/\" b1) [= F.a1 "/\" F.b1 by A10,FILTER_0:7; hence thesis by A9,LATTICES:26; end; end; then reconsider F as Homomorphism of L1,L2 by Def1; take F; F is monomorphism epimorphism by A2,A3,Def2,Def3; hence thesis by Def4; end; given f such that A11:f is isomorphism; A12: f is monomorphism epimorphism by A11,Def4; then A13:f is one-to-one by Def2; set R = LattRel L1, S = LattRel L2; A14:dom f = the carrier of L1 by FUNCT_2:def 1 .= field R by FILTER_1:33; A15:rng f = the carrier of L2 by A12,Def3 .= field S by FILTER_1:33; for a,b be set holds [a,b] in R iff a in field R & b in field R & [f.a,f.b] in S proof let a,b be set; hereby assume A16: [a,b] in R; hence a in field R & b in field R by RELAT_1:30; then reconsider a'=a,b'=b as Element of L1 by FILTER_1:33 ; a' [= b' by A16,FILTER_1:32; then f.a' [= f.b' by A12,Th8; hence [f.a,f.b] in S by FILTER_1:32; end; assume A17:a in field R & b in field R & [f.a,f.b] in S; then reconsider a'=a,b'=b as Element of L1 by FILTER_1:33; f.a' [= f.b' by A17,FILTER_1:32; then a' [= b' by A12,Th8; hence thesis by FILTER_1:32; end; then f is_isomorphism_of LattRel L1, LattRel L2 by A13,A14,A15,WELLORD1:def 7; then LattRel L1, LattRel L2 are_isomorphic by WELLORD1:def 8; hence thesis by FILTER_1:def 9; end; end; definition let L1,L2,f; pred f preserves_implication means :Def6: f.(a1 => b1) = (f.a1) => (f.b1); pred f preserves_top means :Def7: f.(Top L1) = Top L2; pred f preserves_bottom means :Def8: f.(Bottom L1) = Bottom L2; pred f preserves_complement means :Def9: f.(a1`) = (f.a1)`; end; definition let L; mode ClosedSubset of L -> Subset of L means :Def10: p in it & q in it implies p "/\" q in it & p "\/" q in it; existence proof the carrier of L c= the carrier of L; then reconsider F = the carrier of L as non empty Subset of L ; take F; thus thesis; end; end; theorem Th10: the carrier of L is ClosedSubset of L proof the carrier of L c= the carrier of L; then reconsider F=the carrier of L as Subset of L; p in F & q in F implies p "/\" q in F & p "\/" q in F; hence the carrier of L is ClosedSubset of L by Def10; end; definition let L; cluster non empty ClosedSubset of L; existence proof the carrier of L is ClosedSubset of L by Th10; hence thesis; end; end; theorem for F being Filter of L holds F is ClosedSubset of L proof let F be Filter of L; for p,q st p in F & q in F holds p "/\" q in F & p "\/" q in F by FILTER_0:10,def 1; hence F is ClosedSubset of L by Def10; end; reserve B for Finite_Subset of the carrier of L; definition let L,B; canceled; func FinJoin B -> Element of L equals :Def12: FinJoin (B,id L); correctness; func FinMeet B -> Element of L equals :Def13: FinMeet (B,id L); correctness; end; canceled 2; theorem Th14: FinMeet B = (the L_meet of L) $$ (B,id L) proof thus FinMeet B = FinMeet(B,id L) by Def13 .= (the L_meet of L) $$ (B,id L) by LATTICE2:def 4; end; theorem Th15: FinJoin B = (the L_join of L) $$ (B,id L) proof thus FinJoin B = FinJoin(B,id L) by Def12 .= (the L_join of L) $$ (B,id L) by LATTICE2:def 3; end; theorem Th16: FinJoin {p} = p proof set J=the L_join of L; A1: J is commutative associative by LATTICE2:27,29; thus FinJoin {p} =(the L_join of L) $$ ({p},id L) by Th15 .= (id L).p by A1,SETWISEO:26 .= p by TMAP_1:91; end; theorem Th17: FinMeet {p} = p proof set M = the L_meet of L; A1: M is commutative associative by LATTICE2:31,32; thus FinMeet {p} = M $$ ({p},id L) by Th14 .= (id L).p by A1,SETWISEO:26 .= p by TMAP_1:91; end; begin :: Distributive Lattices reserve DL for distributive Lattice; reserve f for Homomorphism of DL,L2; theorem Th18: f is epimorphism implies L2 is distributive proof assume A1:f is epimorphism; thus L2 is distributive proof let a,b,c be Element of L2; consider a' be Element of DL such that A2: f.a'=a by A1,Th9; consider b' be Element of DL such that A3: f.b'=b by A1,Th9; consider c' be Element of DL such that A4: f.c'=c by A1,Th9; thus a"/\"(b"\/"c) = a"/\"f.(b'"\/"c') by A3,A4,Def1 .= f.(a'"/\"(b'"\/"c')) by A2,Def1 .=f.((a'"/\"b')"\/"(a'"/\"c')) by LATTICES:def 11 .=f.(a'"/\"b')"\/"f.(a'"/\"c') by Def1 .=(a"/\"b)"\/"f.(a'"/\"c') by A2,A3,Def1 .=(a"/\"b)"\/"(a"/\"c) by A2,A4,Def1; end; end; begin :: Lower-bounded Lattices reserve 0L for lower-bounded Lattice, B,B1,B2 for Finite_Subset of the carrier of 0L, b for Element of 0L; theorem Th19: for f being Homomorphism of 0L,L2 st f is epimorphism holds L2 is lower-bounded & f preserves_bottom proof let f be Homomorphism of 0L,L2; assume A1: f is epimorphism; set r = f.(Bottom 0L); A2: now let a2 be Element of L2; consider a1 be Element of 0L such that A3: f.a1 = a2 by A1,Th9; thus r"/\"a2 = f.(Bottom 0L "/\" a1) by A3,Def1 .= r by LATTICES:40; hence a2"/\"r = r; end; thus L2 is lower-bounded proof take r; thus thesis by A2; end; then Bottom L2=r by A2,LATTICES:def 16; hence thesis by Def8; end; reserve f for UnOp of the carrier of 0L; theorem Th20: FinJoin(B \/ {b},f) = FinJoin (B,f) "\/" f.b proof set J= the L_join of 0L; A1: J is idempotent & J is commutative & J is associative & J has_a_unity by LATTICE2:26,27,29,67; thus FinJoin (B \/ {b},f) = J $$ (B \/ {b},f) by LATTICE2:def 3 .= J.(J $$ (B,f),f.b) by A1,SETWISEO:41 .= J $$ (B,f) "\/" f.b by LATTICES:def 1 .= FinJoin (B,f) "\/" f.b by LATTICE2:def 3; end; theorem Th21: FinJoin(B \/ {b}) = FinJoin B "\/" b proof thus FinJoin(B \/ {b}) = FinJoin(B \/ {b},id 0L) by Def12 .=FinJoin (B,id 0L) "\/" (id 0L).b by Th20 .=FinJoin (B,id 0L) "\/" b by TMAP_1:91 .= FinJoin B "\/" b by Def12; end; theorem FinJoin B1 "\/" FinJoin B2 = FinJoin (B1 \/ B2) proof set J= the L_join of 0L; A1: J is idempotent & J is commutative & J is associative & J has_a_unity by LATTICE2:26,27,29,67; thus FinJoin (B1 \/ B2) = J $$ (B1 \/ B2,id 0L) by Th15 .= J.(J $$ (B1,id 0L ),J $$ (B2,id 0L)) by A1,SETWISEO:42 .= J $$ (B1,id 0L) "\/" J $$ (B2,id 0L) by LATTICES:def 1 .= FinJoin B1 "\/" J $$ (B2,id 0L) by Th15 .=FinJoin B1 "\/" FinJoin B2 by Th15; end; Lm1: for f being Function of the carrier of 0L , the carrier of 0L holds FinJoin ({}.the carrier of 0L,f) = Bottom 0L proof let f be Function of the carrier of 0L , the carrier of 0L; set J=the L_join of 0L; A1: J is commutative & J is associative & J has_a_unity by LATTICE2:27,29,67; thus FinJoin ({}.the carrier of 0L,f) = J $$ ({}.the carrier of 0L,f) by LATTICE2:def 3 .= the_unity_wrt J by A1,SETWISEO:40 .= Bottom 0L by LATTICE2:68; end; theorem Th23: FinJoin {}.the carrier of 0L = Bottom 0L proof thus FinJoin {}.the carrier of 0L = FinJoin ({}.the carrier of 0L,id 0L) by Def12 .= Bottom 0L by Lm1; end; theorem Th24: for A being ClosedSubset of 0L st Bottom 0L in A for B holds B c= A implies FinJoin B in A proof let A be ClosedSubset of 0L; defpred X[Finite_Subset of the carrier of 0L] means $1 c= A implies FinJoin $1 in A; assume Bottom 0L in A; then A1: X[{}.the carrier of 0L] by Th23; A2: for B1 being Finite_Subset of the carrier of 0L for p being Element of 0L st X[B1] holds X[B1 \/ {p}] proof let B1 be Finite_Subset of the carrier of 0L; let p be Element of 0L; assume A3: B1 c=A implies FinJoin B1 in A; assume A4: B1 \/ {p} c=A; then {p} c= A by XBOOLE_1:11; then p in A by ZFMISC_1:37; then FinJoin B1 "\/" p in A by A3,A4,Def10,XBOOLE_1:11; hence thesis by Th21; end; thus for B being Element of Fin the carrier of 0L holds X[B] from FinSubInd3(A1,A2); end; begin :: Upper-bounded Lattices reserve 1L for upper-bounded Lattice, B,B1,B2 for Finite_Subset of the carrier of 1L, b for Element of 1L; theorem Th25: for f being Homomorphism of 1L,L2 st f is epimorphism holds L2 is upper-bounded & f preserves_top proof let f be Homomorphism of 1L,L2; assume A1: f is epimorphism; set r = f.(Top 1L); A2: now let a2 be Element of L2; consider a1 be Element of 1L such that A3: f.a1 = a2 by A1,Th9; thus r"\/"a2 = f.(Top 1L "\/" a1) by A3,Def1 .= r by LATTICES:44; hence a2"\/"r = r; end; thus L2 is upper-bounded proof take r; thus thesis by A2; end; then Top L2=r by A2,LATTICES:def 17; hence thesis by Def7; end; Lm2: for f being Function of the carrier of 1L, the carrier of 1L holds FinMeet ({}.the carrier of 1L,f) = Top 1L proof let f be Function of the carrier of 1L, the carrier of 1L; set M=the L_meet of 1L; A1: M is commutative associative & M has_a_unity by LATTICE2:31,32,73; thus FinMeet ({}.the carrier of 1L,f) = M $$ ({}.the carrier of 1L,f) by LATTICE2:def 4 .= the_unity_wrt M by A1,SETWISEO:40 .= Top 1L by LATTICE2:74; end; theorem Th26: FinMeet {}.the carrier of 1L = Top 1L proof thus FinMeet {}.the carrier of 1L = FinMeet ({}.the carrier of 1L,id 1L) by Def13 .= Top 1L by Lm2; end; reserve f,g for UnOp of the carrier of 1L; theorem Th27: FinMeet(B \/ {b},f) = FinMeet (B,f) "/\" f.b proof set M= the L_meet of 1L; A1: M is idempotent & M is commutative & M is associative & M has_a_unity by LATTICE2:30,31,32,73; thus FinMeet (B \/ {b},f) = M $$ (B \/ {b},f) by LATTICE2:def 4 .= M.(M $$ (B,f),f.b) by A1,SETWISEO:41 .= M $$ (B,f) "/\" f.b by LATTICES:def 2 .= FinMeet (B,f) "/\" f.b by LATTICE2:def 4; end; theorem Th28: FinMeet(B \/ {b}) = FinMeet B "/\" b proof thus FinMeet(B \/ {b}) = FinMeet(B \/ {b},id 1L) by Def13 .=FinMeet (B,id 1L) "/\" (id 1L).b by Th27 .=FinMeet (B,id 1L) "/\" b by TMAP_1:91 .= FinMeet B "/\" b by Def13; end; theorem Th29: FinMeet(f.:B,g) = FinMeet(B,g*f) proof set M= the L_meet of 1L; A1: M is idempotent & M is commutative associative & M has_a_unity by LATTICE2:30,31,32,73; thus FinMeet(f.:B,g) = M$$(f.:B,g) by LATTICE2:def 4 .= M$$(B,g*f) by A1,SETWISEO:44 .= FinMeet(B,g*f)by LATTICE2:def 4; end; theorem Th30: FinMeet B1 "/\" FinMeet B2 = FinMeet (B1 \/ B2) proof set M= the L_meet of 1L; A1: M is idempotent & M is commutative & M is associative & M has_a_unity by LATTICE2:30,31,32,73; thus FinMeet (B1 \/ B2) = M $$ (B1 \/ B2,id 1L) by Th14 .= M.(M $$ (B1,id 1L ),M $$ (B2,id 1L)) by A1,SETWISEO:42 .= M $$ (B1,id 1L) "/\" M $$ (B2,id 1L) by LATTICES:def 2 .= FinMeet B1 "/\" M $$ (B2,id 1L) by Th14 .=FinMeet B1 "/\" FinMeet B2 by Th14; end; theorem Th31: for F being ClosedSubset of 1L st Top 1L in F for B holds B c= F implies FinMeet B in F proof let F be ClosedSubset of 1L; defpred X[Finite_Subset of the carrier of 1L] means $1 c= F implies FinMeet $1 in F; assume Top 1L in F; then A1: X[{}.the carrier of 1L] by Th26; A2: for B1 being Finite_Subset of the carrier of 1L for p being Element of 1L st X[B1] holds X[B1 \/ {p}] proof let B1 be Finite_Subset of the carrier of 1L; let p be Element of 1L; assume A3:B1 c=F implies FinMeet B1 in F; assume A4:B1 \/ {p} c=F; then {p} c= F by XBOOLE_1:11; then p in F by ZFMISC_1:37; then FinMeet B1 "/\" p in F by A3,A4,Def10,XBOOLE_1:11; hence thesis by Th28; end; thus for B being Element of Fin the carrier of 1L holds X[B] from FinSubInd3(A1,A2); end; begin :: Distributive Upper-bounded Lattices reserve DL for distributive upper-bounded Lattice, B for Finite_Subset of the carrier of DL, p for Element of DL, f for UnOp of the carrier of DL; Lm3: (the L_join of DL).((the L_meet of DL) $$ (B,f),p) = (the L_meet of DL) $$ (B,(the L_join of DL) [:] (f,p)) proof set J = the L_join of DL; set M = the L_meet of DL; A1: M is idempotent & M is commutative & M is associative by LATTICE2:30,31,32; A2: J is_distributive_wrt M by LATTICE2:35; now per cases; suppose B<> {}; hence J.(M $$ (B,f),p) = M $$ (B,J [:] (f,p)) by A1,A2,SETWISEO:37; suppose A3: B = {}; A4: now let f; thus M $$ (B,f) = FinMeet({}.the carrier of DL,f) by A3,LATTICE2: def 4 .=Top DL by Lm2; end; hence J.(M $$ (B,f),p) = J.(Top DL,p) .= Top DL "\/" p by LATTICES:def 1 .= Top DL by LATTICES:44 .= M $$ (B,J [:] (f,p)) by A4; end; hence thesis; end; theorem Th32: FinMeet B "\/" p = FinMeet (((the L_join of DL)[:](id DL,p)).:B) proof set J = the L_join of DL; set M = the L_meet of DL; thus FinMeet B "\/" p =J.(FinMeet B,p) by LATTICES:def 1 .= J.(M $$ (B,id DL),p) by Th14 .= M $$ (B,J [:] (id DL,p)) by Lm3 .=FinMeet(B,J [:] (id DL,p)) by LATTICE2:def 4 .= FinMeet (B,(id DL)*(J [:] (id DL,p))) by TMAP_1:93 .= FinMeet ((J [:] (id DL,p)).:B,id DL) by Th29 .= FinMeet (((the L_join of DL)[:](id DL,p)).: B) by Def13; end; begin :: Implicative Lattices reserve CL for C_Lattice; reserve IL for implicative Lattice; reserve f for Homomorphism of IL,CL; reserve i,j,k for Element of IL; theorem Th33: f.i "/\" f.(i => j) [= f.j proof i "/\" (i => j) [= j by FILTER_0:def 8; then f.(i "/\" (i => j)) [= f.j by Th7; hence thesis by Def1; end; theorem Th34: f is monomorphism implies (f.i "/\" f.k [= f.j implies f.k [= f.(i => j)) proof assume A1: f is monomorphism; hereby assume f.i "/\" f.k [= f.j; then f.(i "/\" k) [= f.j by Def1; then i "/\" k [= j by A1,Th8; then k [= (i => j) by FILTER_0:def 8; hence f.k [= f.(i => j) by Th7; end; end; theorem f is isomorphism implies (CL is implicative & f preserves_implication) proof assume f is isomorphism; then A1: f is epimorphism monomorphism by Def4; thus CL is implicative proof let p,q be Element of CL; consider i such that A2: f.i=p by A1,Th9; consider j such that A3: f.j=q by A1,Th9; take r = f.(i => j); thus p "/\" r [= q by A2,A3,Th33; hereby let r1 be Element of CL; consider k such that A4: f.k = r1 by A1,Th9; assume p "/\" r1 [= q; hence r1 [= r by A1,A2,A3,A4,Th34; end; end; then reconsider CL as implicative Lattice; reconsider f as Homomorphism of IL,CL; now let i,j; A5: (f.i) "/\" f.(i => j) [= (f.j) by Th33; now let r1 be Element of CL; consider k such that A6:f.k=r1 by A1,Th9; assume (f.i) "/\" r1 [= (f.j); hence r1 [= f.(i => j) by A1,A6,Th34; end; hence (f.i) => (f.j) = f.(i => j) by A5,FILTER_0:def 8; end; hence thesis by Def6; end; begin ::Boolean Lattices reserve BL for Boolean Lattice; reserve f for Homomorphism of BL,CL; reserve A for non empty Subset of BL; reserve a1,a,b,c,p,q for Element of BL; reserve B,B0,B1,B2,B3,A1,A2 for Finite_Subset of the carrier of BL; theorem Th36: (Top BL)`=Bottom BL proof set a=Bottom BL; thus (Top BL)` = (a "\/" a`)` by LATTICES:48 .= a` "/\"a`` by LATTICES:51 .= Bottom BL by LATTICES:47; end; theorem Th37: (Bottom BL)`=Top BL proof set a=Top BL; thus (Bottom BL)` = (a "/\" a`)` by LATTICES:47 .= a` "\/"a`` by LATTICES:50 .= Top BL by LATTICES:48; end; theorem f is epimorphism implies CL is Boolean & f preserves_complement proof assume A1: f is epimorphism; then A2: f preserves_top by Th25; A3: f preserves_bottom by A1,Th19; thus CL is bounded complemented; thus CL is distributive by A1,Th18; then reconsider CL as Boolean Lattice by LATTICES:def 20; reconsider f as Homomorphism of BL,CL; now let a1; A4: f.(a1`)"\/"f.a1 =f.(a1` "\/" a1) by Def1 .=f.(Top BL) by LATTICES:48 .= Top CL by A2,Def7; f.(a1`)"/\"f.a1 = f.(a1` "/\" a1) by Def1 .=f.(Bottom BL) by LATTICES:47 .= Bottom CL by A3,Def8; then f.(a1`) is_a_complement_of f.a1 by A4,LATTICES:def 18; hence (f.a1)` = f.(a1`) by LATTICES:def 21; end; hence thesis by Def9; end; definition let BL; mode Field of BL -> non empty Subset of BL means :Def14: a in it & b in it implies a "/\" b in it & a` in it; existence proof the carrier of BL c= the carrier of BL; then reconsider F=the carrier of BL as non empty Subset of BL; take F; thus thesis; end; end; reserve F,H for Field of BL; theorem Th39: a in F & b in F implies a "\/" b in F proof assume a in F & b in F; then a` in F & b` in F by Def14; then a` "/\" b` in F by Def14; then ( a"\/"b )` in F by LATTICES:51; then ( a"\/"b )`` in F by Def14; hence a"\/"b in F by LATTICES:49; end; theorem Th40: a in F & b in F implies a => b in F proof assume A1: a in F & b in F; then a` in F by Def14; then a` "\/" b in F by A1,Th39; hence a => b in F by FILTER_0:55; end; theorem Th41: the carrier of BL is Field of BL proof the carrier of BL c= the carrier of BL; then reconsider F=the carrier of BL as non empty Subset of BL; a in F & b in F implies a "/\" b in F & a` in F; hence the carrier of BL is Field of BL by Def14; end; theorem Th42: F is ClosedSubset of BL proof for a,b st a in F & b in F holds a "/\" b in F & a "\/" b in F by Def14,Th39; hence F is ClosedSubset of BL by Def10; end; definition let BL,A; func field_by A -> Field of BL means :Def15: A c= it & for F st A c= F holds it c= F; existence proof defpred X[set] means $1 is Field of BL & A c= $1; consider X such that A1: Z in X iff Z in bool the carrier of BL & X[Z] from Separation; consider x being Element of A; A2: the carrier of BL c= the carrier of BL; reconsider x as Element of BL; A3: A c= the carrier of BL & the carrier of BL is Field of BL & the carrier of BL in bool the carrier of BL by A2,Th41; then A4: the carrier of BL in X by A1; A5: X <> {} by A1,A3; now let Z; assume Z in X; then A c= Z by A1; hence x in Z by TARSKI:def 3; end; then reconsider F1 = meet X as non empty set by A5,SETFAM_1:def 1; F1 c= the carrier of BL proof let x; thus thesis by A4,SETFAM_1:def 1; end; then reconsider F1 as non empty Subset of BL; F1 is Field of BL proof let a,b; assume A6: a in F1 & b in F1; A7: a "/\" b in F1 proof for Z st Z in X holds a "/\" b in Z proof let Z; assume A8: Z in X; then A9: Z is Field of BL by A1; a in Z & b in Z by A6,A8,SETFAM_1:def 1; hence thesis by A9,Def14; end; hence thesis by A5,SETFAM_1:def 1; end; a` in F1 proof for Z st Z in X holds a` in Z proof let Z; assume A10: Z in X; then A11: Z is Field of BL by A1; a in Z by A6,A10,SETFAM_1:def 1; hence thesis by A11,Def14; end; hence thesis by A5,SETFAM_1:def 1; end; hence thesis by A7; end; then reconsider F = F1 as Field of BL; take F; for Z st Z in X holds A c= Z by A1; hence A c= F by A4,SETFAM_1:6; let H; assume A c= H; then H in X by A1; hence F c= H by SETFAM_1:4; end; uniqueness proof let F1,F2 be Field of BL such that A12: A c= F1 & for F st A c= F holds F1 c= F and A13: A c= F2 & for F st A c= F holds F2 c= F; thus F1 c= F2 & F2 c= F1 by A12,A13; end; end; definition let BL,A; func SetImp A -> Subset of BL equals :Def16: { a => b : a in A & b in A}; coherence proof set B={ a => b : a in A & b in A}; B c= the carrier of BL proof let x; assume x in B; then ex p,q st x = p => q & p in A & q in A; hence x in the carrier of BL; end; hence thesis; end; end; definition let BL,A; cluster SetImp A -> non empty; coherence proof set B={ a => b : a in A & b in A}; consider x being Element of A; reconsider x as Element of BL; x => x in B; then reconsider B as non empty set; B = SetImp A by Def16; hence thesis; end; end; theorem Th43: x in SetImp A iff ex p,q st x = p => q & p in A & q in A proof SetImp A = { a => b : a in A & b in A} by Def16; hence thesis; end; theorem Th44: c in SetImp A iff ex p,q st c = p` "\/" q & p in A & q in A proof hereby assume c in SetImp A; then consider p,q such that A1: c = p => q & p in A & q in A by Th43; take p,q; thus c = p` "\/" q & p in A & q in A by A1,FILTER_0:55; end; given p,q such that A2: c = p` "\/" q & p in A & q in A; c = p => q by A2,FILTER_0:55; hence c in SetImp A by A2,Th43; end; definition let BL; deffunc U(Element of BL) = $1`; func comp BL -> Function of the carrier of BL, the carrier of BL means :Def17: it.a = a`; existence proof consider f being Function of the carrier of BL,the carrier of BL such that A1: for a holds f.a= U(a) from LambdaD; take f; thus thesis by A1; end; uniqueness proof thus for f1,f2 being Function of the carrier of BL,the carrier of BL st (for x being Element of BL holds f1.x = U(x)) & (for x being Element of BL holds f2.x = U(x)) holds f1 = f2 from FuncDefUniq; end; end; theorem Th45: FinJoin(B \/ {b},comp BL) = FinJoin (B,comp BL) "\/" b` proof thus FinJoin(B \/ {b},comp BL) = FinJoin(B,comp BL) "\/" (comp BL).b by Th20 .= FinJoin (B,comp BL) "\/" b` by Def17; end; theorem (FinJoin B)` = FinMeet (B,comp BL) proof set M= the L_meet of BL; set J= the L_join of BL; A1: M is idempotent commutative associative & M has_a_unity by LATTICE2:30,31,32,73; A2: J is idempotent commutative associative & J has_a_unity by LATTICE2:26,27,29,67; A3: (comp BL).(the_unity_wrt J) = the_unity_wrt M proof thus (comp BL).(the_unity_wrt J)= (the_unity_wrt J)` by Def17 .=(Bottom BL )` by LATTICE2:68 .=Top BL by Th37 .= the_unity_wrt M by LATTICE2:74; end; A4: for a,b being Element of BL holds (comp BL).(J.(a,b))= M.((comp BL).a,(comp BL).b) proof let a,b be Element of BL; thus (comp BL).(J.(a,b))=(comp BL).(a"\/"b) by LATTICES:def 1 .=(a"\/"b)` by Def17 .=a`"/\"b` by LATTICES:51 .=M.(a`,b`) by LATTICES:def 2 .= M.((comp BL).a,b`) by Def17 .= M.((comp BL).a,(comp BL).b) by Def17; end; thus (FinJoin B)`= (J$$(B,id BL))` by Th15 .= (comp BL).(J$$(B,id BL)) by Def17 .= M$$(B,(comp BL)*(id BL)) by A1,A2,A3,A4,SETWISEO:45 .= M$$(B, comp BL) by TMAP_1:93 .= FinMeet(B, comp BL) by LATTICE2:def 4; end; theorem FinMeet(B \/ {b},comp BL) = FinMeet (B,comp BL) "/\" b` proof thus FinMeet(B \/ {b},comp BL) =FinMeet (B,comp BL) "/\" (comp BL).b by Th27 .=FinMeet (B,comp BL) "/\" b` by Def17; end; theorem Th48: (FinMeet B)` = FinJoin (B,comp BL) proof set M= the L_meet of BL; set J= the L_join of BL; A1: M is idempotent commutative associative & M has_a_unity by LATTICE2:30,31,32,73; A2: J is idempotent commutative associative & J has_a_unity by LATTICE2:26,27,29,67; A3: (comp BL).(the_unity_wrt M) = the_unity_wrt J proof thus (comp BL).(the_unity_wrt M)= (the_unity_wrt M)` by Def17 .=(Top BL )` by LATTICE2:74 .=Bottom BL by Th36 .= the_unity_wrt J by LATTICE2:68; end; A4: for a,b being Element of BL holds (comp BL).(M.(a,b))= J.((comp BL).a,(comp BL).b) proof let a,b be Element of BL; thus (comp BL).(M.(a,b))=(comp BL).(a"/\"b) by LATTICES:def 2 .=(a"/\"b)` by Def17 .=a`"\/"b` by LATTICES:50 .=J.(a`,b`) by LATTICES:def 1 .= J.((comp BL).a,b`) by Def17 .= J.((comp BL).a,(comp BL).b) by Def17; end; thus (FinMeet B)`= (M$$(B,id BL))` by Th14 .= (comp BL).(M$$(B,id BL)) by Def17 .= J$$(B,(comp BL)*(id BL)) by A1,A2,A3,A4,SETWISEO:45 .= J$$(B, comp BL) by TMAP_1:93 .= FinJoin(B, comp BL) by LATTICE2:def 3; end; theorem Th49: for AF being non empty ClosedSubset of BL st Bottom BL in AF & Top BL in AF for B holds B c= SetImp AF implies ex B0 st B0 c= SetImp AF & FinJoin( B,comp BL) = FinMeet B0 proof let AF be non empty ClosedSubset of BL such that A1:Bottom BL in AF & Top BL in AF; let B; assume A2: B c= SetImp AF; set C={ FinJoin A1 "\/" FinJoin(A2,comp BL): A1 c= AF & A2 c= AF}; defpred X[Finite_Subset of the carrier of BL] means $1 c= SetImp AF implies ex B0 st B0 c= C & FinJoin($1,comp BL) = FinMeet B0; A3: X[{}.the carrier of BL] proof assume {}.the carrier of BL c= SetImp AF; take B0={Bottom BL}; A4: FinJoin ({}.the carrier of BL,comp BL)= Bottom BL by Lm1 .=FinMeet {Bottom BL} by Th17; B0 c= C proof let x; assume x in B0; then A5: x = Bottom BL by TARSKI:def 1; ex A1,A2 st x = FinJoin A1 "\/" FinJoin(A2,comp BL) & A1 c= AF & A2 c= AF proof take A1={Bottom BL}; take A2={Top BL}; thus x = Bottom BL "\/" Bottom BL by A5,LATTICES:17 .= Bottom BL "\/" (Top BL)` by Th36 .=FinJoin A1 "\/" (Top BL)` by Th16 .=FinJoin A1 "\/" (FinMeet A2)` by Th17 .=FinJoin A1 "\/" FinJoin (A2,comp BL) by Th48; thus A1 c= AF by A1,ZFMISC_1:37; thus A2 c= AF by A1,ZFMISC_1:37; end; hence x in C; end; hence thesis by A4; end; A6: for B' being Finite_Subset of the carrier of BL, b being Element of BL st X[B'] holds X[B' \/ {b}] proof let B' be Finite_Subset of the carrier of BL, b be Element of BL; assume A7: (B' c= SetImp AF implies ex B1 st B1 c= C & FinJoin(B',comp BL) = FinMeet B1 ); assume A8: B' \/ {b} c= SetImp AF; then A9: B' c= SetImp AF & b in SetImp AF by SETWISEO:8; consider B1 such that A10: B1 c= C & FinJoin(B',comp BL) = FinMeet B1 by A7,A8,SETWISEO:8; consider p,q such that A11: b = p` "\/" q & p in AF & q in AF by A9,Th44; A12: b` = p`` "/\" q` by A11,LATTICES:51 .= p "/\" q` by LATTICES:49; set J = the L_join of BL; take (J[:](id BL,p)).:B1 \/ (J[:](id BL,q`)).:B1; A13: FinJoin(B' \/ {b} ,comp BL) = FinMeet B1 "\/" (p "/\" q`) by A10,A12,Th45 .= (FinMeet B1 "\/" p) "/\" (FinMeet B1 "\/" q`) by LATTICES:31 .= FinMeet((J[:](id BL,p)).:B1) "/\" (FinMeet B1 "\/" q`) by Th32 .= FinMeet((J[:](id BL,p)).:B1) "/\" FinMeet ((J[:] (id BL,q`)).:B1) by Th32 .= FinMeet ((J[:](id BL,p)).:B1 \/ (J[:](id BL,q`)).:B1) by Th30; A14: for x,b holds x in (J[:](id BL,b)).:B1 implies ex a st a in B1 & x = a "\/" b proof let x,b; assume A15: x in (J[:](id BL,b)).:B1; (J[:](id BL,b)).:B1 c= the carrier of BL by FUNCT_2:44; then reconsider x as Element of BL by A15; consider a such that A16: a in B1 & x = (J[:](id BL,b)).a by A15,FUNCT_2:116; x = J.(id BL.a,b) by A16,FUNCOP_1:60 .= J.(a,b) by TMAP_1:91 .= a "\/" b by LATTICES:def 1; hence thesis by A16; end; A17: (J[:](id BL,p)).:B1 c= C proof let x; assume x in (J[:](id BL,p)).:B1; then consider a such that A18: a in B1 & x = a "\/" p by A14; a in C by A10,A18; then consider A1,A2 such that A19: a = FinJoin A1 "\/" FinJoin(A2,comp BL) & A1 c= AF & A2 c= AF; ex A1',A2' being Finite_Subset of the carrier of BL st x = FinJoin A1' "\/" FinJoin (A2',comp BL) & A1' c= AF & A2' c= AF proof take A1'=A1 \/ {p}; take A2'=A2; x = (FinJoin A1 "\/" p) "\/" FinJoin(A2,comp BL) by A18,A19, LATTICES:def 5 .= FinJoin(A1') "\/" FinJoin(A2',comp BL) by Th21; hence thesis by A11,A19,SETWISEO:8; end; hence x in C; end; (J[:](id BL,q`)).:B1 c= C proof let x; assume x in (J[:](id BL,q`)).:B1; then consider a such that A20: a in B1 & x = a "\/" q` by A14; a in C by A10,A20; then consider A1,A2 such that A21: a = FinJoin A1 "\/" FinJoin(A2,comp BL) & A1 c= AF & A2 c= AF; ex A1',A2' being Finite_Subset of the carrier of BL st x = FinJoin A1' "\/" FinJoin (A2',comp BL) & A1' c= AF & A2' c= AF proof take A1'=A1; take A2'=A2 \/ {q}; x = FinJoin A1 "\/" (FinJoin(A2,comp BL) "\/" q`) by A20,A21, LATTICES:def 5 .= FinJoin(A1') "\/" FinJoin(A2',comp BL) by Th45; hence thesis by A11,A21,SETWISEO:8; end; hence x in C; end; hence thesis by A13,A17,XBOOLE_1:8; end; for B being Finite_Subset of the carrier of BL holds X[B] from FinSubInd3(A3,A6 ); then consider B1 such that A22: B1 c= C & FinJoin(B,comp BL) = FinMeet B1 by A2; C c= SetImp AF proof let x; assume x in C; then consider A1,A2 such that A23: x = FinJoin A1 "\/" FinJoin(A2,comp BL) & A1 c= AF & A2 c= AF; consider p,q such that A24: p = FinMeet A2 & q = FinJoin A1; A25: p in AF & q in AF by A1,A23,A24,Th24,Th31; x = p` "\/" q by A23,A24,Th48; hence x in SetImp AF by A25,Th44; end; then B1 c= SetImp AF by A22,XBOOLE_1:1; hence thesis by A22; end; theorem for AF being non empty ClosedSubset of BL st Bottom BL in AF & Top BL in AF holds { FinMeet B : B c= SetImp AF } = field_by AF proof let AF be non empty ClosedSubset of BL such that A1: Bottom BL in AF & Top BL in AF; set A1= { FinMeet B :B c= SetImp AF }; A2: AF c= A1 proof let x; assume A3:x in AF; then reconsider b=x as Element of BL; reconsider B = {b} as Finite_Subset of the carrier of BL; b = Bottom BL "\/" b by LATTICES:39 .= (Top BL)` "\/" b by Th36; then b in SetImp AF by A1,A3,Th44; then A4: B c= SetImp AF by ZFMISC_1:37; x = FinMeet B by Th17; hence x in A1 by A4; end; A1 c= the carrier of BL proof let x; assume x in A1; then consider B such that A5: x = FinMeet B & B c= SetImp AF; thus x in the carrier of BL by A5; end; then reconsider A1 as non empty Subset of BL by A1,A2; A6: A1 is Field of BL proof let p,q; assume A7: p in A1 & q in A1; thus p "/\" q in A1 proof consider B1 such that A8: p=FinMeet B1 & B1 c= SetImp AF by A7; consider B2 such that A9: q=FinMeet B2 & B2 c= SetImp AF by A7; consider B0 such that A10: B0=B1 \/ B2; A11: B0 c= SetImp AF by A8,A9,A10,XBOOLE_1:8; p "/\" q = FinMeet B0 by A8,A9,A10,Th30; hence thesis by A11; end; thus p` in A1 proof consider B such that A12: p=FinMeet B & B c= SetImp AF by A7; p` = FinJoin ( B,comp BL) by A12,Th48; then consider B0 such that A13: B0 c= SetImp AF & p` = FinMeet B0 by A1,A12,Th49; thus thesis by A13; end; end; now let F; assume A14: AF c= F; thus A1 c= F proof let x; assume x in A1; then consider B such that A15: x=FinMeet B & B c= SetImp AF; A16: SetImp AF c= F proof let y; assume y in SetImp AF; then consider p,q such that A17: y = p => q & p in AF & q in AF by Th43; thus y in F by A14,A17,Th40; end; reconsider F1=F as ClosedSubset of BL by Th42; B c= F1 & Top BL in F1 by A1,A14,A15,A16,XBOOLE_1:1; hence x in F by A15,Th31; end; end; hence thesis by A2,A6,Def15; end;