The Mizar article:

The Lawson Topology

by
Grzegorz Bancerek

Received June 21, 1998

Copyright (c) 1998 Association of Mizar Users

MML identifier: WAYBEL19
[ MML identifier index ]


environ

 vocabulary WAYBEL_9, WAYBEL_0, CANTOR_1, ORDERS_1, SUBSET_1, BOOLE, REALSET1,
      RELAT_2, PRE_TOPC, SETFAM_1, BHSP_3, PRELAMB, YELLOW_9, TARSKI, ORDINAL2,
      FINSET_1, FUNCT_1, RELAT_1, YELLOW_0, LATTICES, CAT_1, OPPCAT_1, SEQM_3,
      LATTICE3, TSP_1, WAYBEL_2, WAYBEL_3, QUANTAL1, CONNSP_2, TOPS_1, PROB_1,
      WAYBEL11, DIRAF, URYSOHN1, COMPTS_1, YELLOW_1, YELLOW_6, WAYBEL19,
      RLVECT_3;
 notation TARSKI, XBOOLE_0, ZFMISC_1, SUBSET_1, SETFAM_1, RELAT_1, FUNCT_1,
      FINSET_1, STRUCT_0, REALSET1, FUNCT_2, ORDERS_1, LATTICE3, ORDERS_3,
      PRE_TOPC, TOPS_1, TOPS_2, TSP_1, BORSUK_1, URYSOHN1, COMPTS_1, YELLOW_0,
      WAYBEL_0, YELLOW_1, CANTOR_1, YELLOW_3, WAYBEL_2, YELLOW_6, YELLOW_7,
      WAYBEL_3, WAYBEL_9, WAYBEL11, YELLOW_9;
 constructors ORDERS_3, WAYBEL_1, CANTOR_1, TOPS_1, TOPS_2, WAYBEL_3, TSP_1,
      WAYBEL11, TDLAT_3, URYSOHN1, YELLOW_9, LATTICE3, MEMBERED;
 clusters STRUCT_0, LATTICE3, WAYBEL_0, FINSET_1, BORSUK_1, YELLOW_1, YELLOW_3,
      YELLOW_6, WAYBEL_3, WAYBEL_9, WAYBEL11, YELLOW_9, YELLOW12, RELSET_1,
      SUBSET_1, MEMBERED, ZFMISC_1;
 requirements BOOLE, SUBSET;
 definitions TARSKI, PRE_TOPC, LATTICE3, WAYBEL_0, WAYBEL_1, COMPTS_1,
      WAYBEL_3, WAYBEL11, YELLOW_9, XBOOLE_0;
 theorems STRUCT_0, ENUMSET1, SUBSET_1, SETFAM_1, REALSET1, PRE_TOPC, CANTOR_1,
      YELLOW_0, WAYBEL_0, FUNCT_1, RELAT_1, FUNCT_2, FINSET_1, BORSUK_1,
      CONNSP_2, ORDERS_1, YELLOW_2, ZFMISC_1, TARSKI, YELLOW_6, TOPS_1, TOPS_2,
      TEX_2, YELLOW_1, WAYBEL_1, TSP_1, MSSUBFAM, WAYBEL_3, YELLOW_5, WAYBEL_7,
      LATTICE3, YELLOW_3, YELLOW_7, YELLOW_8, WAYBEL_9, URYSOHN1, WAYBEL11,
      YELLOW_9, YELLOW10, WAYBEL14, YELLOW12, XBOOLE_0, XBOOLE_1;
 schemes FRAENKEL, FINSET_1, YELLOW_9, COMPTS_1;

begin :: Lower topoplogy

definition :: 1.1. DEFINITION, p. 142 (part I)
 let T be non empty TopRelStr;
 attr T is lower means:
Def1:
  {(uparrow x)` where x is Element of T: not contradiction} is prebasis of T;
end;

Lm1:
now let LL,T be non empty RelStr such that
A1:     the RelStr of LL = the RelStr of T;
    set A = {(uparrow x)` where x is Element of LL: not contradiction};
    set BB = {(uparrow x)` where x is Element of T: not contradiction};
    thus A = BB
      proof
       hereby let a be set; assume a in A;
        then consider x being Element of LL such that
A2:      a = (uparrow x)`;
        reconsider y = x as Element of T by A1;
           a = ([#]LL)\uparrow x by A2,PRE_TOPC:17
          .= ([#]LL)\uparrow {x} by WAYBEL_0:def 18
          .= ([#]LL)\uparrow {y} by A1,WAYBEL_0:13
          .= (the carrier of LL)\uparrow {y} by PRE_TOPC:12
          .= [#]T\uparrow {y} by A1,PRE_TOPC:12
          .= (uparrow {y})` by PRE_TOPC:17
          .= (uparrow y)` by WAYBEL_0:def 18;
        hence a in BB;
       end;
       let a be set; assume a in BB;
       then consider x being Element of T such that
A3:     a = (uparrow x)`;
       reconsider y = x as Element of LL by A1;
          a = ([#]T)\uparrow x by A3,PRE_TOPC:17
         .= [#]T\uparrow {x} by WAYBEL_0:def 18
         .= [#]T\uparrow {y} by A1,WAYBEL_0:13
         .= (the carrier of LL)\uparrow {y} by A1,PRE_TOPC:12
         .= [#]LL\uparrow {y} by PRE_TOPC:12
         .= (uparrow {y})` by PRE_TOPC:17
         .= (uparrow y)` by WAYBEL_0:def 18;
       hence a in A;
      end;
end;

definition
 cluster trivial -> lower (non empty reflexive TopSpace-like TopRelStr);
 coherence
  proof let T be non empty reflexive TopSpace-like TopRelStr;
   assume
A1:  T is trivial;
   set BB = {(uparrow x)` where x is Element of T: not contradiction};
      BB c= bool the carrier of T
     proof let a be set; assume a in BB;
       then ex x being Element of T st a = (uparrow x)`;
      hence thesis;
     end;
   then reconsider C = BB as Subset-Family of T by SETFAM_1:def
7;
   reconsider C as Subset-Family of T;
A2: BB c= the topology of T
     proof let a be set; assume a in BB;
      then consider x being Element of T such that
A3:    a = (uparrow x)`;
         a c= {}
        proof let y be set; assume
A4:       y in a;
          then y in the carrier of T & x <= x by A3;
          then y = x & x in uparrow x by A1,REALSET1:def 20,WAYBEL_0:18;
          then x in (uparrow x) /\ a & (uparrow x) misses a
           by A3,A4,PRE_TOPC:26,XBOOLE_0:def 3;
         hence thesis by XBOOLE_0:def 7;
        end;
       then a = {} by XBOOLE_1:3;
      hence thesis by PRE_TOPC:5;
     end;
   reconsider F = {the carrier of T} as Basis of T by A1,YELLOW_9:10;
      BB = {{}}
     proof
      thus BB c= {{}}
       proof let a be set; assume a in BB;
        then consider x being Element of T such that
 A5:      a = (uparrow x)`;
           x <= x;
         then the carrier of T = {x} & x in uparrow x
          by A1,WAYBEL_0:18,YELLOW_9:9;
         then a = {} or a = the carrier of T & not x in a
          by A5,YELLOW_6:10,ZFMISC_1:39;
        hence thesis by TARSKI:def 1;
       end;
      consider x being Element of T;
         x <= x;
       then the carrier of T = {x} & x in uparrow x by A1,WAYBEL_0:18,YELLOW_9:
9;
       then (uparrow x)` = {} or (uparrow x)` = the carrier of T &
         not x in (uparrow x)`
          by YELLOW_6:10,ZFMISC_1:39;
       then {} in BB;
      hence thesis by ZFMISC_1:37;
     end;
    then FinMeetCl C = {{}, the carrier of T} by YELLOW_9:11;
    then F c= FinMeetCl C by ZFMISC_1:12;
   hence BB is prebasis of T by A2,CANTOR_1:def 5;
  end;
end;

definition
 cluster lower trivial complete strict TopLattice;
 existence
  proof consider T being trivial complete strict TopLattice;
   take T; thus thesis;
  end;
end;

theorem Th1:
 for LL being non empty RelStr
  ex T being strict correct TopAugmentation of LL st T is lower
   proof let LL be non empty RelStr;
    set A = {(uparrow x)` where x is Element of LL: not contradiction};
       A c= bool the carrier of LL
      proof let a be set; assume a in A;
        then ex x being Element of LL st a = (uparrow x)`;
       hence thesis;
      end;
    then reconsider A as Subset-Family of LL by SETFAM_1:def 7;
    set T = TopRelStr(#the carrier of LL, the InternalRel of LL,
                      UniCl FinMeetCl A#);
    reconsider S = TopStruct(#the carrier of LL, UniCl FinMeetCl A#)
       as non empty TopSpace by CANTOR_1:17,STRUCT_0:def 1;
A1:   the TopStruct of T = S;
       T is TopSpace-like
      proof
       thus the carrier of T in the topology of T by A1,PRE_TOPC:def 1;
       hereby let a be Subset-Family of T;
        reconsider b = a as Subset-Family of S;
        assume a c= the topology of T;
         then union b in the topology of S by PRE_TOPC:def 1;
        hence union a in the topology of T;
       end;
       let a,b be Subset of T;
       assume a in the topology of T & b in the topology of T;
        then a /\ b in the topology of S by PRE_TOPC:def 1;
       hence a /\ b in the topology of T;
      end;
    then reconsider T as strict non empty TopSpace-like TopRelStr;
    take T; the RelStr of T = the RelStr of LL;
    hence T is strict correct TopAugmentation of LL by YELLOW_9:def 4;
A2:  A is prebasis of S by CANTOR_1:20;
then A3:   A c= the topology of S by CANTOR_1:def 5;
    consider F being Basis of S such that
A4:   F c= FinMeetCl A by A2,CANTOR_1:def 5;
    set BB = {(uparrow x)` where x is Element of T: not contradiction};
       the RelStr of T = the RelStr of LL;
then A5:   A = BB by Lm1;
       F c= the topology of T & the topology of T c= UniCl F
      by CANTOR_1:def 2;
     then F is Basis of T by CANTOR_1:def 2;
     hence BB is prebasis of T by A3,A4,A5,CANTOR_1:def 5;
   end;

definition
 let R be non empty RelStr;
 cluster lower (strict correct TopAugmentation of R);
 existence by Th1;
end;

theorem Th2:
 for L1,L2 being TopSpace-like lower (non empty TopRelStr)
  st the RelStr of L1 = the RelStr of L2
  holds the topology of L1 = the topology of L2
  proof let L1,L2 be TopSpace-like lower (non empty TopRelStr) such that
A1:  the RelStr of L1 = the RelStr of L2;
   set B1 = {(uparrow x)` where x is Element of L1: not contradiction};
   set B2 = {(uparrow x)` where x is Element of L2: not contradiction};
A2: B1 = B2 by A1,Lm1;
      the carrier of L1 = the carrier of L2 &
    B1 is prebasis of L1 & B2 is prebasis of L2 by A1,Def1;
   hence thesis by A2,YELLOW_9:26;
  end;

definition :: 1.1. DEFINITION, p. 142 (part II)
 let R be non empty RelStr;
 func omega R -> Subset-Family of R means:
Def2:
  for T being lower correct TopAugmentation of R holds it = the topology of T;
 uniqueness
  proof let X1,X2 be Subset-Family of R such that
A1:  for T being lower correct TopAugmentation of R
     holds X1 = the topology of T;
   consider T being lower correct TopAugmentation of R;
      X1 = the topology of T by A1;
   hence thesis;
  end;
 existence
  proof consider S being lower correct TopAugmentation of R;
A2:  the RelStr of S = the RelStr of R by YELLOW_9:def 4;
   then reconsider X = the topology of S as Subset-Family of R;
   take X; let T be lower correct TopAugmentation of R;
      the RelStr of T = the RelStr of R by YELLOW_9:def 4;
   hence thesis by A2,Th2;
  end;
end;

theorem Th3:
 for R1,R2 being non empty RelStr st the RelStr of R1 = the RelStr of R2
  holds omega R1 = omega R2
  proof let R1,R2 be non empty RelStr such that
A1:  the RelStr of R1 = the RelStr of R2;
   consider S being lower correct TopAugmentation of R1;
      the RelStr of S = the RelStr of R1 by YELLOW_9:def 4;
    then omega R1 = the topology of S & S is TopAugmentation of R2
     by A1,Def2,YELLOW_9:def 4;
   hence thesis by Def2;
  end;

theorem Th4:
 for T being lower (non empty TopRelStr)
  for x being Point of T holds (uparrow x)` is open & uparrow x is closed
  proof let T be lower (non empty TopRelStr);
   set BB = {(uparrow x)` where x is Element of T: not contradiction};
A1:  BB is prebasis of T by Def1;
   let x be Point of T; reconsider a = x as Element of T;
      (uparrow a)` in BB & BB c= the topology of T by A1,CANTOR_1:def 5;
   hence (uparrow x)` in the topology of T;
   hence [#]T \ uparrow x in the topology of T by PRE_TOPC:17;
  end;

theorem Th5:
 for T being transitive lower (non empty TopRelStr)
  for A being Subset of T st A is open holds A is lower
  proof let T be transitive lower (non empty TopRelStr);
   let A be Subset of T such that
A1: A in the topology of T;
   reconsider BB = {(uparrow x)` where x is Element of T: not contradiction}
     as prebasis of T by Def1;
   consider F being Basis of T such that
A2:  F c= FinMeetCl BB by CANTOR_1:def 5;
      the topology of T c= UniCl F by CANTOR_1:def 2;
   then consider Y being Subset-Family of T such that
A3:  Y c= F & A = union Y by A1,CANTOR_1:def 1;
   let x,y be Element of T; assume x in A;
   then consider Z being set such that
A4:  x in Z & Z in Y by A3,TARSKI:def 4;
      Z in F by A3,A4;
   then consider X being Subset-Family of T such that
A5:  X c= BB & X is finite & Z = Intersect X by A2,CANTOR_1:def 4;
   assume
A6:  x >= y;
      now let Q be set; assume
A7:    Q in X;
      then Q in BB by A5;
     then consider z being Element of T such that
A8:    Q = (uparrow z)`;
        x in Q & (uparrow z) misses Q
        by A4,A5,A7,A8,CANTOR_1:10,PRE_TOPC:26;
      then x in Q & (uparrow z) /\ Q = {}T
        by XBOOLE_0:def 7;
      then not x in uparrow z by XBOOLE_0:def 3;
      then not x >= z by WAYBEL_0:18;
      then not y >= z by A6,ORDERS_1:26;
      then not y in uparrow z by WAYBEL_0:18;
      then y in (the carrier of T) \ uparrow z & the carrier of T = [#]T
       by PRE_TOPC:12,XBOOLE_0:def 4;
     hence y in Q by A8,PRE_TOPC:17;
    end;
    then y in Z by A5,CANTOR_1:10;
   hence thesis by A3,A4,TARSKI:def 4;
  end;

theorem Th6:
 for T being transitive lower (non empty TopRelStr)
  for A being Subset of T st A is closed holds A is upper
  proof let T be transitive lower (non empty TopRelStr);
   let A be Subset of T; assume [#]T\A in the topology of T;
    then A` in the topology of T by PRE_TOPC:17;
    then A` is open by PRE_TOPC:def 5;
then A1: A` is lower by Th5;
A2:  A` = [#]T\A by PRE_TOPC:17 .= (the carrier of T)\A by PRE_TOPC:12;
   let x,y be Element of T;
   assume
A3:  x in A & x <= y & not y in A;
    then not x in A` & y in A` by A2,XBOOLE_0:def 4;
   hence thesis by A1,A3,WAYBEL_0:def 19;
  end;

theorem Th7:
 for T being non empty TopSpace-like TopRelStr holds
  T is lower iff {(uparrow F)` where F is Subset of T: F is finite}
    is Basis of T
  proof let T be non empty TopSpace-like TopRelStr;
   reconsider T' = T as non empty RelStr;
   set BB = {(uparrow x)` where x is Element of T: not contradiction};
   set A = {(uparrow F)` where F is Subset of T: F is finite};
      BB c= bool the carrier of T
     proof let x be set; assume x in BB;
       then ex y being Element of T st x = (uparrow y)`;
      hence thesis;
     end;
   then reconsider BB as Subset-Family of T by SETFAM_1:def 7;
   reconsider BB as Subset-Family of T;
A1: A = FinMeetCl BB
     proof
      hereby let a be set; assume a in A;
       then consider F being Subset of T such that
A2:      a = (uparrow F)` and
A3:     F is finite;
       set Y = {uparrow x where x is Element of T: x in F};
          Y c= bool the carrier of T
         proof let a be set; assume a in Y;
           then ex x being Element of T st a = uparrow x & x in F;
          hence thesis;
         end;
       then reconsider Y as Subset-Family of T by SETFAM_1:def 7
;
       reconsider Y as Subset-Family of T;
       reconsider Y' = Y as Subset-Family of T';
       deffunc F(Element of T') = uparrow $1;
A4:      Y' = {F(x) where x is Element of T': x in F};
A5:      COMPLEMENT Y' = {F(x)` where x is Element of T': x in F}
          from FraenkelComplement1(A4);
          uparrow F = union Y by YELLOW_9:4;
          then
A6:      a = Intersect COMPLEMENT Y by A2,YELLOW_8:15;
       deffunc F(Element of T) = (uparrow $1)`;
A7:      {F(x) where x is Element of T: x in F} is finite
         from FraenkelFin(A3);
          COMPLEMENT Y c=
         {(uparrow x)` where x is Element of T: x in F} by A5;
then A8:      COMPLEMENT Y is finite by A7,FINSET_1:13;
          COMPLEMENT Y c= BB
         proof let b be set; assume b in COMPLEMENT Y;
           then ex x being Element of T st b = (uparrow x)` & x in F by A5;
          hence thesis;
         end;
       hence a in FinMeetCl BB by A6,A8,CANTOR_1:def 4;
      end;
      let a be set; assume a in FinMeetCl BB;
      then consider Y being Subset-Family of T such that
A9:     Y c= BB & Y is finite & a = Intersect Y by CANTOR_1:def 4;
      defpred P[set,set] means
        ex x being Element of T st x = $2 & $1 = (uparrow x)`;
A10:     now let y be set; assume y in Y;
         then y in BB by A9;
         then ex x being Element of T st y = (uparrow x)`;
        hence ex b being set st b in the carrier of T & P[y,b];
       end;
      consider f being Function such that
A11:     dom f = Y & rng f c= the carrier of T and
A12:     for y being set st y in Y holds P[y,f.y]
         from NonUniqBoundFuncEx(A10);
      reconsider F = rng f as Subset of T by A11;
      set X = {uparrow x where x is Element of T: x in F};
         X c= bool the carrier of T
        proof let a be set; assume a in X;
          then ex x being Element of T st a = uparrow x & x in F;
         hence thesis;
        end;
      then reconsider X as Subset-Family of T by SETFAM_1:def 7;
      reconsider X as Subset-Family of T;
      reconsider X' = X as Subset-Family of T';
      deffunc F(Element of T') = uparrow $1;
A13:     X' = {F(x) where x is Element of T': x in F};
A14:     COMPLEMENT X' = {F(x)` where x is Element of T': x in F}
        from FraenkelComplement1(A13);
A15:     COMPLEMENT X = Y
        proof
         hereby let a be set; assume a in COMPLEMENT X;
          then consider x being Element of T' such that
A16:        a = (uparrow x)` & x in F by A14;
          consider y being set such that
A17:        y in Y & x = f.y by A11,A16,FUNCT_1:def 5;
          consider z being Element of T such that
A18:        z = f.y & y = (uparrow z)` by A12,A17;
          thus a in Y by A16,A17,A18;
         end;
         let a be set; assume
A19:       a in Y;
         then consider z being Element of T such that
A20:       z = f.a & a = (uparrow z)` by A12;
            z in F by A11,A19,A20,FUNCT_1:def 5;
         hence a in COMPLEMENT X by A14,A20;
        end;
A21:     F is finite by A9,A11,FINSET_1:26;
         uparrow F = union X by YELLOW_9:4;
       then a = (uparrow F)` by A9,A15,YELLOW_8:15;
      hence thesis by A21;
     end;
      T is lower iff BB is prebasis of T by Def1;
   hence thesis by A1,YELLOW_9:23;
  end;

theorem Th8:
:: 1.2. LEMMA, (i) generalized, p. 143
 for S,T being lower complete TopLattice, f being map of S, T
  st for X being non empty Subset of S holds f preserves_inf_of X
  holds f is continuous
  proof let S,T be lower complete non empty TopLattice;
   let f be map of S,T such that
A1:  for X being non empty Subset of S holds f preserves_inf_of X;
   reconsider BB = {(uparrow x)` where x is Element of T: not contradiction}
     as prebasis of T by Def1;
      now let A be Subset of T; assume A in BB;
     then consider x being Element of T such that
A2:   A = (uparrow x)`;
     set s = inf (f"uparrow x);
A3:    ex_inf_of f"A`, S & ex_inf_of A`, T & ex_inf_of f.:(f"A`), T
       by YELLOW_0:17;
     per cases; suppose f"A` = {}S; hence f"A` is closed by TOPS_1:22;
     suppose f"A` <> {};
then A4:    f preserves_inf_of f"A` by A1;
A5:    A` = uparrow x by A2;
then A6:    f.s = inf (f.:(f"A`)) & inf A` = x by A3,A4,WAYBEL_0:39,def 30;
        f.:(f"A`) c= A` by FUNCT_1:145;
then A7:    x <= f.s by A3,A6,YELLOW_0:35;
        f"A` = uparrow s
       proof
        thus f"A` c= uparrow s
         proof let a be set; assume
A8:         a in f"A`;
          then reconsider a as Element of S;
             s <= a by A5,A8,YELLOW_2:24;
          hence thesis by WAYBEL_0:18;
         end;
        let a be set; assume
A9:       a in uparrow s;
        then reconsider a as Element of S;
A10:       s <= a by A9,WAYBEL_0:18;
           f preserves_inf_of {s,a} by A1;
         then f.(s"/\"a) = (f.s)"/\"(f.a) & s"/\"a = a"/\"s by YELLOW_3:8;
         then f.s = (f.s)"/\"(f.a) by A10,YELLOW_5:10;
         then f.s <= f.a by YELLOW_0:23;
         then x <= f.a by A7,ORDERS_1:26;
         then f.a in uparrow x & a in the carrier of S by WAYBEL_0:18;
        hence thesis by A5,FUNCT_2:46;
       end;
     hence f"A` is closed by Th4;
    end;
   hence f is continuous by YELLOW_9:35;
  end;

theorem Th9:
:: 1.2. LEMMA (i), p. 143
 for S,T being lower complete TopLattice, f being map of S, T
  st f is infs-preserving
  holds f is continuous
  proof let S,T be lower complete non empty TopLattice;
   let f be map of S,T; assume f is infs-preserving;
    then for X being non empty Subset of S holds f preserves_inf_of X
     by WAYBEL_0:def 32;
   hence thesis by Th8;
  end;

theorem Th10:
 for T being lower complete TopLattice, BB being prebasis of T
 for F being non empty filtered Subset of T
  st for A being Subset of T st A in BB & inf F in A holds F meets A
  holds inf F in Cl F
  proof let T be lower complete TopLattice, BB be prebasis of T;
   let F be non empty filtered Subset of T such that
A1:  for A being Subset of T st A in BB & inf F in A holds F meets A;
   set N = F opp+id, x = inf F;
A2:  the carrier of N = F by YELLOW_9:7;
A3:  for A being Subset of T st A in BB & x in A holds N is_eventually_in A
     proof let A be Subset of T; assume
A4:     A in BB & x in A;
       then F meets A by A1;
      then consider i being set such that
A5:     i in F & i in A by XBOOLE_0:3;
      reconsider i as Element of N by A2,A5;
      take i;
         BB is open by YELLOW_9:28;
       then A is open by A4,TOPS_2:def 1;
then A6:     A is lower by Th5;
      let j be Element of N;
A7:     N.i = i & N.j = j by YELLOW_9:7;
A8:     N is full SubRelStr of T opp by YELLOW_9:7;
      then reconsider a = i, b = j as Element of T opp by YELLOW_0:59;
      assume i <= j;
       then a <= b by A8,YELLOW_0:60;
       then ~b <= ~a by YELLOW_7:1;
       then ~b <= N.i by A7,LATTICE3:def 7;
       then N.j <= N.i by A7,LATTICE3:def 7;
      hence N.j in A by A5,A6,A7,WAYBEL_0:def 19;
     end;
      rng netmap(N,T) c= F
     proof let x be set; assume x in rng netmap(N,T);
      then consider a being set such that
A9:     a in dom netmap(N,T) & x = (netmap(N,T)).a by FUNCT_1:def 5;
         dom netmap(N,T) = the carrier of N by FUNCT_2:def 1;
      then reconsider a as Element of N by A9;
         x = (the mapping of N).a by A9,WAYBEL_0:def 7
        .= N.a by WAYBEL_0:def 8
        .= a by YELLOW_9:7;
      hence thesis by A2;
     end;
   hence thesis by A3,YELLOW_9:39;
  end;

theorem Th11:
:: 1.2. LEMMA (ii), p. 143
 for S,T being lower complete TopLattice
 for f being map of S,T st f is continuous
  holds f is filtered-infs-preserving
  proof let S,T be lower complete TopLattice;
   let f be map of S,T such that
A1:  f is continuous;
   let F be Subset of S such that
A2: F is non empty filtered and
      ex_inf_of F,S;
   thus ex_inf_of f.:F,T by YELLOW_0:17;
A3:  f is monotone
     proof let x,y be Element of S such that
A4:     x <= y;
         uparrow (f.x) is closed & f.x <= f.x by Th4;
       then f"uparrow (f.x) is closed & f.x in uparrow (f.x) & x in the
carrier of S
        by A1,PRE_TOPC:def 12,WAYBEL_0:18;
       then f"uparrow (f.x) is upper & x in f"uparrow (f.x) by Th6,FUNCT_2:46;
       then y in
 f"uparrow (f.x) & f is Function of the carrier of S,the carrier of T
        by A4,WAYBEL_0:def 20;
       then f.y in uparrow (f.x) by FUNCT_2:46;
      hence thesis by WAYBEL_0:18;
     end;
      f.inf F is_<=_than f.:F
     proof let x be Element of T; assume x in f.:F;
      then consider a being set such that
A5:    a in the carrier of S & a in F & x = f.a by FUNCT_2:115;
      reconsider a as Element of S by A5;
         inf F is_<=_than F by YELLOW_0:33;
       then inf F <= a by A5,LATTICE3:def 8;
      hence thesis by A3,A5,WAYBEL_1:def 2;
     end;
then A6:  f.inf F <= inf (f.:F) by YELLOW_0:33;
   reconsider BB = {(uparrow x)` where x is Element of S: not contradiction}
       as prebasis of S by Def1;
      for A being Subset of S st A in BB & inf F in A holds F meets A
     proof let A be Subset of S; assume A in BB;
      then consider x being Element of S such that
A7:    A = (uparrow x)`;
      assume inf F in A;
       then not inf F >= x by A7,YELLOW_9:1;
       then not F is_>=_than x by YELLOW_0:33;
      then consider y being Element of S such that
A8:    y in F & not y >= x by LATTICE3:def 8;
         y in A by A7,A8,YELLOW_9:1;
      hence thesis by A8,XBOOLE_0:3;
     end;
then A9:  inf F in Cl F by A2,Th10;
      uparrow inf (f.:F) is closed by Th4;
then A10:  f"uparrow inf (f.:F) is closed by A1,PRE_TOPC:def 12;
      F c= f"uparrow inf (f.:F)
     proof let x be set; assume
A11:     x in F;
      then reconsider s = x as Element of S;
         f.s in f.:F by A11,FUNCT_2:43;
       then inf (f.:F) <= f.s by YELLOW_2:24;
       then f.s in uparrow inf (f.:F) by WAYBEL_0:18;
      hence thesis by FUNCT_2:46;
     end;
    then Cl F c= Cl (f"uparrow inf (f.:F)) by PRE_TOPC:49;
    then Cl F c= f"uparrow inf (f.:F) by A10,PRE_TOPC:52;
    then f.inf F in uparrow inf (f.:F) by A9,FUNCT_2:46;
    then f.inf F >= inf (f.:F) by WAYBEL_0:18;
   hence inf (f.:F) = f.inf F by A6,ORDERS_1:25;
  end;

theorem
:: 1.2. LEMMA (iii), p. 143
   for S,T being lower complete TopLattice
 for f being map of S,T st f is continuous &
     for X being finite Subset of S holds f preserves_inf_of X
  holds f is infs-preserving
  proof let S,T be lower complete TopLattice;
   let f be map of S,T; assume f is continuous;
    then f is filtered-infs-preserving by Th11;
    then for F being filtered non empty Subset of S holds f preserves_inf_of F
     by WAYBEL_0:def 36;
   hence thesis by WAYBEL_0:71;
  end;

theorem
:: Remark before 1.3., p. 143
   for T being lower TopSpace-like reflexive transitive (non empty TopRelStr)
 for x being Point of T holds Cl {x} = uparrow x
  proof
   let T be lower TopSpace-like reflexive transitive (non empty TopRelStr);
   let x be Point of T;
   reconsider y = x as Element of T;
      y <= y;
    then x in uparrow x by WAYBEL_0:18;
    then {x} c= uparrow x & uparrow x is closed by Th4,ZFMISC_1:37;
   hence Cl {x} c= uparrow x by TOPS_1:31;
      Cl Cl {x} = Cl {x} by TOPS_1:26;
    then Cl {x} is closed by PRE_TOPC:52;
    then {x} c= Cl {x} & Cl {x} is upper by Th6,PRE_TOPC:48;
    then uparrow {x} c= uparrow Cl {x} & uparrow Cl {x} c= Cl {x}
     by WAYBEL_0:24,YELLOW_3:7;
    then uparrow {x} c= Cl {x} by XBOOLE_1:1;
   hence uparrow x c= Cl {x} by WAYBEL_0:def 18;
  end;

definition
 mode TopPoset is TopSpace-like reflexive transitive antisymmetric TopRelStr;
end;

definition
:: Remark before 1.3., p. 143
 cluster lower -> T_0 (non empty TopPoset);
 coherence
  proof let T be non empty TopPoset such that
A1:  T is lower;
      now assume T is not empty;
     let x,y be Point of T such that
A2:    x <> y;
     reconsider a = x, b = y as Element of T;
     set Vy = (uparrow a)`, Vx = (uparrow b)`;
A3:    Vy is open & Vx is open by A1,Th4;
        a <= a & b <= b;
then A4:    not x in Vy & not y in Vx by YELLOW_9:1;
     per cases by A2,YELLOW_0:def 3;
      suppose not b <= a;
        then a in Vx by YELLOW_9:1;
       hence (ex V being Subset of T
          st V is open & x in V & not y in V) or
        ex V being Subset of T st V is open & not x in V & y in V
         by A3,A4;
      suppose not a <= b;
        then b in Vy by YELLOW_9:1;
       hence
          (ex V being Subset of T
          st V is open & x in V & not y in V) or
        ex V being Subset of T st V is open & not x in V & y in V
         by A3,A4;
    end;
   hence thesis by TSP_1:def 3;
  end;
end;

definition
 let R be lower-bounded non empty RelStr;
 cluster -> lower-bounded TopAugmentation of R;
 coherence
  proof let T be TopAugmentation of R;
      the RelStr of R = the RelStr of T by YELLOW_9:def 4;
   hence thesis by YELLOW_0:13;
  end;
end;

theorem Th14:
 for S, T being non empty RelStr, s being Element of S, t being Element of T
  holds (uparrow [s,t])`
    = [:(uparrow s)`, the carrier of T:] \/ [:the carrier of S, (uparrow t)`:]
  proof let S, T be non empty RelStr, s be Element of S, t be Element of T;
   thus (uparrow [s,t])` = [#][:S,T:] \ uparrow [s,t] by PRE_TOPC:17
     .= (the carrier of [:S,T:]) \ uparrow [s,t] by PRE_TOPC:12
     .= [:the carrier of S, the carrier of T:] \ uparrow [s,t]
       by YELLOW_3:def 2
     .= [:the carrier of S, the carrier of T:] \ [:uparrow s, uparrow t:]
       by YELLOW10:40
     .= [:(the carrier of S) \ uparrow s, the carrier of T:] \/
        [:the carrier of S, (the carrier of T) \ uparrow t:] by ZFMISC_1:126
     .= [:[#]S \ uparrow s, the carrier of T:] \/
        [:the carrier of S, (the carrier of T) \ uparrow t:] by PRE_TOPC:12
     .= [:[#]S \ uparrow s, the carrier of T:] \/
        [:the carrier of S, [#]T \ uparrow t:] by PRE_TOPC:12
     .= [:(uparrow s)`, the carrier of T:] \/
        [:the carrier of S, [#]T \ uparrow t:] by PRE_TOPC:17
     .= [:(uparrow s)`, the carrier of T:] \/
        [:the carrier of S, (uparrow t)`:] by PRE_TOPC:17;
  end;

Lm2:
now let L1,L2 be non empty RelStr such that
A1:  the RelStr of L1 = the RelStr of L2;
 let x1 be Element of L1;
 let x2 be Element of L2 such that
A2:  x1 = x2;
 thus uparrow x1 = uparrow {x1} by WAYBEL_0:def 18
        .= uparrow {x2} by A1,A2,WAYBEL_0:13
        .= uparrow x2 by WAYBEL_0:def 18;
 thus downarrow x1 = downarrow {x1} by WAYBEL_0:def 17
        .= downarrow {x2} by A1,A2,WAYBEL_0:13
        .= downarrow x2 by WAYBEL_0:def 17;
end;

theorem Th15:
:: 1.3. LEMMA, p. 143 (variant I)
 for S,T being lower-bounded non empty Poset
 for S' being lower correct TopAugmentation of S
 for T' being lower correct TopAugmentation of T
  holds omega [:S,T:] = the topology of [:S',T' qua non empty TopSpace:]
  proof let S,T be lower-bounded (non empty Poset);
   let S' be lower correct TopAugmentation of S;
   let T' be lower correct TopAugmentation of T;
   set SxT = [:S',T' qua non empty TopSpace:];
   reconsider BS = {(uparrow x)` where x is Element of S': not contradiction}
      as prebasis of S' by Def1;
   reconsider BT = {(uparrow x)` where x is Element of T': not contradiction}
      as prebasis of T' by Def1;
   set B1 = {[:the carrier of S', b:] where b is Subset of T': b in BT};
   set B2 = {[:a, the carrier of T':] where a is Subset of S': a in BS};
   reconsider BB = B1 \/ B2 as prebasis of SxT by YELLOW_9:41;
   consider ST being lower correct TopAugmentation of [:S,T:];
   reconsider BX = {(uparrow x)` where x is Element of ST: not contradiction}
      as prebasis of ST by Def1;
A1:  the RelStr of S' = the RelStr of S & the RelStr of T' = the RelStr of T &
    the RelStr of ST = [:S,T:] by YELLOW_9:def 4;
then A2:  the carrier of ST = [:the carrier of S, the carrier of T:]
     by YELLOW_3:def 2;
A3:  [#]S = the carrier of S & [#]T = the carrier of T &
    [#]S' = the carrier of S & [#]T' = the carrier of T by A1,PRE_TOPC:12;
A4: the carrier of SxT = [:the carrier of S, the carrier of T:]
     by A1,BORSUK_1:def 5;
      BB c= BX
     proof let z be set; assume
A5:    z in BB;
      per cases by A5,XBOOLE_0:def 2;
      suppose z in B1;
       then consider b being Subset of T' such that
A6:     z = [:the carrier of S', b:] & b in BT;
       consider t' being Element of T' such that
A7:     b = (uparrow t')` by A6;
       reconsider t = t' as Element of T by A1;
          uparrow t = uparrow t' by A1,Lm2;
then A8:     b = (uparrow t)` by A1,A7;
       reconsider x = [Bottom S,t] as Element of ST by A1;
A9:     uparrow x = uparrow [Bottom S,t] by A1,Lm2;
          uparrow Bottom S = the carrier of S by WAYBEL14:10;
        then (uparrow Bottom S)` = [#]S \ the carrier of S by PRE_TOPC:17
          .= {} by XBOOLE_1:37;
        then (uparrow [Bottom S,t])`
         = [:{}, the carrier of T:] \/ [:the carrier of S, b:]
          by A8,Th14
           .= {} \/ [:the carrier of S, b:] by ZFMISC_1:113
           .= z by A1,A6;
        then z = (uparrow x)` by A1,A9;
       hence thesis;
      suppose z in B2;
       then consider a being Subset of S' such that
A10:     z = [:a, the carrier of T':] & a in BS;
       consider s' being Element of S' such that
A11:     a = (uparrow s')` by A10;
       reconsider s = s' as Element of S by A1;
          uparrow s = uparrow s' by A1,Lm2;
then A12:     a = (uparrow s)` by A1,A11;
       reconsider x = [s,Bottom T] as Element of ST by A1;
A13:     uparrow x = uparrow [s,Bottom T] by A1,Lm2;
          uparrow Bottom T = the carrier of T by WAYBEL14:10;
        then (uparrow Bottom T)` = [#]T \ the carrier of T by PRE_TOPC:17
          .= {} by XBOOLE_1:37;
        then (uparrow [s,Bottom T])`
          = [:a, the carrier of T:] \/ [:the carrier of S, {}:]
          by A12,Th14
           .= [:a, the carrier of T:] \/ {} by ZFMISC_1:113
           .= z by A1,A10;
        then z = (uparrow x)` by A1,A13;
       hence thesis;
     end;
    then FinMeetCl BB c= FinMeetCl BX by A2,A4,CANTOR_1:16;
then A14:  UniCl FinMeetCl BB c= UniCl FinMeetCl BX by A2,A4,CANTOR_1:9;
A15:  FinMeetCl the topology of ST = the topology of ST &
    FinMeetCl the topology of SxT = the topology of SxT by CANTOR_1:5;
A16:  UniCl the topology of ST = the topology of ST &
    UniCl the topology of SxT = the topology of SxT by CANTOR_1:6;
      BX c= the topology of SxT
     proof let z be set; assume z in BX;
      then consider x being Element of ST such that
A17:    z = (uparrow x)`;
      consider s,t being set such that
A18:    s in the carrier of S & t in the carrier of T & x = [s,t]
        by A2,ZFMISC_1:def 2;
      reconsider s as Element of S by A18;
      reconsider t as Element of T by A18;
      reconsider s' = s as Element of S' by A1;
      reconsider t' = t as Element of T' by A1;
         uparrow x = uparrow [s,t] by A1,A18,Lm2;
       then z = (uparrow [s,t])` by A1,A17;
then A19:    z = [:(uparrow s)`, [#]T:] \/ [:[#]S, (uparrow t)`:] by A3,Th14;
         uparrow s = uparrow s' & uparrow t = uparrow t' by A1,Lm2;
then A20:    (uparrow s)` = (uparrow s')` & (uparrow t)` = (uparrow t')`
      by A1;
      reconsider A1 = [:(uparrow s)`, [#]T:], A2 = [:[#]S, (uparrow t)`:]
        as Subset of SxT by A1,A2,A4;
         (uparrow s')` in BS & (uparrow t')` in BT & BS is open & BT is open
        by YELLOW_9:28;
       then (uparrow s')` is open & (uparrow t')` is open & [#]S' is open & [#]
T' is open
        by TOPS_1:53,TOPS_2:def 1;
       then A1 is open & A2 is open by A3,A20,BORSUK_1:46;
       then A1 \/ A2 is open by TOPS_1:37;
      hence thesis by A19,PRE_TOPC:def 5;
     end;
    then FinMeetCl BX c= the topology of SxT by A2,A4,A15,CANTOR_1:16;
then A21:  UniCl FinMeetCl BX c= the topology of SxT by A2,A4,A16,CANTOR_1:9;
      FinMeetCl BX is Basis of ST & FinMeetCl BB is Basis of SxT
     by YELLOW_9:23;
    then the topology of ST = UniCl FinMeetCl BX &
    the topology of SxT = UniCl FinMeetCl BB by YELLOW_9:22;
    then the topology of ST = the topology of SxT by A14,A21,XBOOLE_0:def 10;
   hence thesis by Def2;
  end;

theorem
:: 1.3. LEMMA, p. 143 (variant II)
   for S,T being lower lower-bounded (non empty TopPoset) holds
  omega [:S,T qua Poset:] = the topology of [:S,T qua non empty TopSpace:]
  proof let S,T be lower lower-bounded (non empty TopPoset);
      S is TopAugmentation of S & T is TopAugmentation of T by YELLOW_9:44;
   hence thesis by Th15;
  end;

theorem
:: 1.4. LEMMA, p. 144
   for T,T2 being lower complete TopLattice
  st T2 is TopAugmentation of [:T, T qua LATTICE:]
 for f being map of T2,T st f = inf_op T
  holds f is continuous
  proof let T,T2 be lower complete TopLattice such that
A1:  the RelStr of T2 = the RelStr of [:T, T:];
   let f be map of T2,T such that
A2:  f = inf_op T;
      f is infs-preserving
     proof let X be Subset of T2;
      reconsider Y = X as Subset of [:T,T:] by A1;
      assume A3: ex_inf_of X,T2;
then A4:     ex_inf_of Y, [:T,T:] & inf_op T preserves_inf_of Y
        by A1,WAYBEL_0:def 32,YELLOW_0:14;
      thus ex_inf_of f.:X,T by YELLOW_0:17;
      thus inf (f.:X) = (inf_op T).inf Y by A2,A4,WAYBEL_0:def 30
       .= f.inf X by A1,A2,A3,YELLOW_0:27;
     end;
   hence f is continuous by Th9;
  end;

begin :: Refinements

scheme TopInd {T() -> TopLattice, P[set]}:
 for A being Subset of T() st A is open holds P[A]
  provided
A1:   ex K being prebasis of T() st
      for A being Subset of T() st A in K holds P[A]
 and
A2:   for F being Subset-Family of T()
      st for A being Subset of T() st A in F holds P[A]
      holds P[union F]
 and
A3:   for A1,A2 being Subset of T() st P[A1] & P[A2] holds P[A1 /\ A2]
 and
A4:   P[[#]T()]
  proof consider K being prebasis of T() such that
A5: for A being Subset of T() st A in K holds P[A] by A1;
      FinMeetCl K is Basis of T() by YELLOW_9:23;
then A6: UniCl FinMeetCl K = the topology of T() by YELLOW_9:22;
   let A be Subset of T(); assume A in the topology of T();
   then consider X being Subset-Family of T() such that
A7: X c= FinMeetCl K & A = union X by A6,CANTOR_1:def 1;
   reconsider X as Subset-Family of T();
      now let A be Subset of T(); assume A in X;
     then consider Y being Subset-Family of T() such that
A8:   Y c= K and
A9:   Y is finite and
A10:   A = Intersect Y by A7,CANTOR_1:def 4;
     defpred Q[set] means
      for a being Subset-Family of T() st a = $1 holds P[Intersect a];
       {} is Subset of bool the carrier of T() by XBOOLE_1:2;
     then {} is Subset-Family of T() by SETFAM_1:def 7;
     then reconsider a = {} as Subset-Family of T();
        Intersect a = the carrier of T() by CANTOR_1:def 3
        .= [#]T() by PRE_TOPC:12;
then A11:   Q[{}] by A4;
A12:   for x,Z being set st x in Y & Z c= Y & Q[Z] holds Q[Z \/ {x}]
       proof let x,Z be set; assume
A13:      x in Y & Z c= Y & Q[Z];
        then reconsider xx = {x}, Z' = Z as Subset of bool the carrier of T()
          by XBOOLE_1:1,ZFMISC_1:37;
        reconsider xx, Z' as Subset-Family of T()
          by SETFAM_1:def 7;
        reconsider xx, Z' as Subset-Family of T();
        reconsider Ax = x, Ay = Intersect Z'
          as Subset of T() by A13;
         A14:      P[Ax] & P[Ay] by A5,A8,A13;
A15:      Intersect xx = Ax by MSSUBFAM:9;
        let a be Subset-Family of T(); assume a = Z \/ {x};
         then Intersect a = Ax /\ Ay by A15,MSSUBFAM:8;
        hence thesis by A3,A14;
       end;
        Q[Y] from Finite(A9,A11,A12);
     hence P[A] by A10;
    end;
   hence thesis by A2,A7;
  end;

theorem
   for L1,L2 being up-complete antisymmetric (non empty reflexive RelStr)
  st the RelStr of L1 = the RelStr of L2 &
     for x being Element of L1 holds waybelow x is directed non empty
  holds L1 is satisfying_axiom_of_approximation implies
        L2 is satisfying_axiom_of_approximation
  proof let L1,L2 be up-complete antisymmetric (non empty reflexive RelStr)
   such that
A1:  the RelStr of L1 = the RelStr of L2 and
A2: for x being Element of L1 holds waybelow x is directed non empty and
A3:  for x being Element of L1 holds x = sup waybelow x;
   let x be Element of L2;
   reconsider y = x as Element of L1 by A1;
      waybelow y is directed non empty by A2;
then A4:  waybelow y = waybelow x & ex_sup_of waybelow y, L1
     by A1,WAYBEL_0:75,YELLOW12:13;
    then y = sup waybelow y & ex_sup_of waybelow x, L2 by A1,A3,YELLOW_0:14;
   hence x = sup waybelow x by A1,A4,YELLOW_0:26;
  end;

definition
 let T be continuous (non empty Poset);
 cluster -> continuous TopAugmentation of T;
 coherence
  proof let S be TopAugmentation of T;
      the RelStr of S = the RelStr of T by YELLOW_9:def 4;
   hence thesis by YELLOW12:15;
  end;
end;

theorem Th19:
 for T,S being TopSpace, R being Refinement of T,S
 for W being Subset of R
  st W in the topology of T or W in the topology of S
  holds W is open
  proof let T,S be TopSpace, R be Refinement of T,S;
   let W be Subset of R; assume
      W in the topology of T or W in the topology of S;
then A1:  W in (the topology of T) \/ the topology of S by XBOOLE_0:def 2;
      (the topology of T) \/ the topology of S is prebasis of R
     by YELLOW_9:def 6;
    then (the topology of T) \/ the topology of S c= the topology of R
     by CANTOR_1:def 5;
   hence W in the topology of R by A1;
  end;

theorem Th20:
 for T,S being TopSpace, R being Refinement of T,S
 for V being Subset of T, W being Subset of R st W = V
  holds V is open implies W is open
  proof let T,S be TopSpace, R be Refinement of T,S;
   let V be Subset of T, W be Subset of R such that
A1:  W = V;
   assume V in the topology of T;
   hence thesis by A1,Th19;
  end;

theorem Th21:
 for T,S being TopSpace
  st the carrier of T = the carrier of S
 for R being Refinement of T,S
 for V being Subset of T, W being Subset of R st W = V
  holds V is closed implies W is closed
  proof let T,S be TopSpace such that
A1:  the carrier of T = the carrier of S;
   let R be Refinement of T,S;
A2:  the carrier of R = (the carrier of T) \/ the carrier of S
      by YELLOW_9:def 6
        .= the carrier of T by A1;
   let V be Subset of T, W be Subset of R; assume
      W = V;
then A3:  W` = [#]R \ V & V` = [#]T \ V & [#]R = the carrier of R & [#]
T = the carrier of T
     by PRE_TOPC:12,17;
   assume V is closed; then V` is open by TOPS_1:29;
    then W` in the topology of T by A2,A3,PRE_TOPC:def 5;
    then W` is open by Th19;
   hence thesis by TOPS_1:29;
  end;

theorem Th22:
 for T being non empty TopSpace, K,O being set
  st K c= O & O c= the topology of T
  holds (K is Basis of T implies O is Basis of T) &
    (K is prebasis of T implies O is prebasis of T)
  proof let T be non empty TopSpace, K,O be set; assume
A1:  K c= O & O c= the topology of T;
    then K c= the topology of T by XBOOLE_1:1;
   then reconsider K' = K, O' = O as Subset of bool the carrier of T
     by A1,XBOOLE_1:1;
   reconsider K', O' as Subset-Family of T by SETFAM_1:def 7;
   reconsider K', O' as Subset-Family of T;
A2:  FinMeetCl the topology of T = the topology of T &
    UniCl the topology of T = the topology of T by CANTOR_1:5,6;
then A3:  UniCl O' c= the topology of T & UniCl K' c= UniCl O' by A1,CANTOR_1:9
;
      FinMeetCl O' c= the topology of T & FinMeetCl K' c= FinMeetCl O'
     by A1,A2,CANTOR_1:16;
then A4:  UniCl FinMeetCl O' c= the topology of T &
    UniCl FinMeetCl K' c= UniCl FinMeetCl O' by A2,CANTOR_1:9;
    hereby assume K is Basis of T;
      then UniCl K' = the topology of T by YELLOW_9:22;
      then UniCl O' = the topology of T by A3,XBOOLE_0:def 10;
     hence O is Basis of T by YELLOW_9:22;
    end;
   assume K is prebasis of T;
    then FinMeetCl K' is Basis of T by YELLOW_9:23;
    then UniCl FinMeetCl K' = the topology of T by YELLOW_9:22;
    then UniCl FinMeetCl O' = the topology of T by A4,XBOOLE_0:def 10;
    then FinMeetCl O' is Basis of T by YELLOW_9:22;
   hence O is prebasis of T by YELLOW_9:23;
  end;

theorem Th23:
:: YELLOW_9:58 revised
 for T1,T2 being non empty TopSpace
  st the carrier of T1 = the carrier of T2
 for T be Refinement of T1, T2
 for B1 being prebasis of T1, B2 being prebasis of T2
  holds B1 \/ B2 is prebasis of T
  proof let T1,T2 be non empty TopSpace such that
A1:  the carrier of T1 = the carrier of T2;
   let T be Refinement of T1, T2;
A2:  the carrier of T = (the carrier of T1) \/ the carrier of T2
      by YELLOW_9:def 6
        .= the carrier of T1 by A1;
   let B1 be prebasis of T1, B2 be prebasis of T2;
      {the carrier of T1, the carrier of T2} = {the carrier of T}
      by A1,A2,ENUMSET1:69;
   then reconsider K = B1 \/ B2 \/
 {the carrier of T} as prebasis of T by YELLOW_9:58;
A3:  B1 \/ B2 c= K by XBOOLE_1:7;
   then B1 \/ B2 is Subset of bool the carrier of T by XBOOLE_1:1;
   then B1 \/ B2 is Subset-Family of T by SETFAM_1:def 7;
   then reconsider K' = B1 \/ B2 as Subset-Family of T;
      FinMeetCl K' = FinMeetCl K
     proof thus FinMeetCl K' c= FinMeetCl K by A3,CANTOR_1:16;
         K c= FinMeetCl K'
        proof let a be set; assume a in K;
          then a in K' & K' c= FinMeetCl K' or
          a in {the carrier of T} & the carrier of T in FinMeetCl K'
           by CANTOR_1:4,8,XBOOLE_0:def 2;
         hence thesis by TARSKI:def 1;
        end;
       then FinMeetCl K c= FinMeetCl FinMeetCl K' by CANTOR_1:16;
      hence thesis by CANTOR_1:13;
     end;
    then FinMeetCl K' is Basis of T by YELLOW_9:23;
   hence B1 \/ B2 is prebasis of T by YELLOW_9:23;
  end;

theorem
   for T1,S1,T2,S2 being non empty TopSpace
 for R1 being Refinement of T1,S1, R2 being Refinement of T2,S2
 for f being map of T1,T2, g being map of S1,S2
 for h being map of R1,R2 st h = f & h = g holds
  f is continuous & g is continuous implies h is continuous
  proof let T1,S1,T2,S2 be non empty TopSpace;
   let R1 be Refinement of T1,S1, R2 be Refinement of T2,S2;
   let f be map of T1,T2, g be map of S1,S2;
   let h be map of R1,R2 such that
A1:  h = f & h = g;
   assume
A2: f is continuous;
   assume
A3: g is continuous;
   reconsider K = (the topology of T2) \/ the topology of S2 as prebasis of R2
     by YELLOW_9:def 6;
      now let A be Subset of R2; assume
A4:   A in K;
     per cases by A4,XBOOLE_0:def 2;
     suppose
A5:    A in the topology of T2;
      then reconsider A1 = A as Subset of T2;
         A1 is open by A5,PRE_TOPC:def 5;
       then f"A1 is open by A2,TOPS_2:55;
      hence h"A is open by A1,Th20;
     suppose
A6:    A in the topology of S2;
      then reconsider A1 = A as Subset of S2;
         A1 is open by A6,PRE_TOPC:def 5;
       then g"A1 is open & R1 is Refinement of S1,T1 by A3,TOPS_2:55,YELLOW_9:
55;
      hence h"A is open by A1,Th20;
    end;
   hence h is continuous by YELLOW_9:36;
  end;

theorem Th25:
 for T being non empty TopSpace, K being prebasis of T
 for N being net of T, p being Point of T
  st for A being Subset of T st p in A & A in K holds N is_eventually_in A
  holds p in Lim N
  proof let T be non empty TopSpace, K be prebasis of T;
   let N be net of T, x be Point of T such that
A1:  for A being Subset of T st x in A & A in K holds N is_eventually_in A;
      now let A be a_neighborhood of x;
A2:   x in Int A by CONNSP_2:def 1;
        FinMeetCl K is Basis of T by YELLOW_9:23;
then A3:   the topology of T = UniCl FinMeetCl K by YELLOW_9:22;
        Int A is open by TOPS_1:51;
      then Int A in the topology of T by PRE_TOPC:def 5;
     then consider Y being Subset-Family of T such that
A4:   Y c= FinMeetCl K & Int A = union Y by A3,CANTOR_1:def 1;
     consider y being set such that
A5:   x in y & y in Y by A2,A4,TARSKI:def 4;
     consider Z being Subset-Family of T such that
A6:   Z c= K & Z is finite & y = Intersect Z by A4,A5,CANTOR_1:def 4;
     defpred P[set,set] means
      for i,j being Element of N st i = $2 & j >= i
         holds N.j in $1;
A7:   for a being set st a in Z ex b being set st b in the carrier of N &
         P[a,b]
       proof let a be set; assume
A8:      a in Z;
        then reconsider a as Subset of T;
           x in a by A5,A6,A8,CANTOR_1:10;
         then N is_eventually_in a by A1,A6,A8;
        then consider i being Element of N such that
A9:      for j being Element of N st j >= i holds N.j in a by WAYBEL_0:def 11;
        take i; thus thesis by A9;
       end;
     consider f being Function such that
A10:   dom f = Z & rng f c= the carrier of N and
A11:   for a being set st a in Z holds P[a,f.a] from NonUniqBoundFuncEx(A7);
      reconsider z = rng f as finite Subset of [#]N by A6,A10,FINSET_1:26,
PRE_TOPC:12;
        [#]N is directed by WAYBEL_0:def 6;
     then consider k being Element of N such that
A12:   k in [#]N & k is_>=_than z by WAYBEL_0:1;
     thus N is_eventually_in A
      proof take k; let i be Element of N; assume
A13:     i >= k;
          now let a be set; assume
A14:       a in Z;
then A15:       f.a in z by A10,FUNCT_1:def 5;
         then reconsider j = f.a as Element of N by A10;
            j <= k by A12,A15,LATTICE3:def 9;
          then j <= i by A13,ORDERS_1:26;
         hence N.i in a by A11,A14;
        end;
        then N.i in y & y c= union Y by A5,A6,CANTOR_1:10,ZFMISC_1:92;
        then N.i in Int A & Int A c= A by A4,TOPS_1:44;
       hence N.i in A;
      end;
    end;
   hence x in Lim N by YELLOW_6:def 18;
  end;

theorem Th26:
 for T being non empty TopSpace
 for N being net of T
 for S being Subset of T st N is_eventually_in S
  holds Lim N c= Cl S
  proof let T be non empty TopSpace, N be net of T, S be Subset of T;
   given i being Element of N such that
A1:  for j being Element of N st j >= i holds N.j in S;
   let x be set; assume
A2:  x in Lim N;
   then reconsider x as Element of T;
      now let G be a_neighborhood of x;
        N is_eventually_in G by A2,YELLOW_6:def 18;
     then consider k being Element of N such that
A3:    for j being Element of N st j >= k holds N.j in G by WAYBEL_0:def 11;
        [#]N is directed & [#]N = the carrier of N
       by PRE_TOPC:12,WAYBEL_0:def 6;
     then consider j being Element of N such that
A4:    j in [#]N & j >= i & j >= k by WAYBEL_0:def 1;
        N.j in S & N.j in G by A1,A3,A4;
     hence G meets S by XBOOLE_0:3;
    end;
   hence thesis by YELLOW_6:6;
  end;

theorem Th27:
 for R being non empty RelStr, X being non empty Subset of R holds
  the mapping of X+id = id X & the mapping of X opp+id = id X
  proof let R be non empty RelStr, X be non empty Subset of R;
A1:  the carrier of X+id = X & the carrier of X opp+id = X
     by YELLOW_9:6,7;
then A2:  dom the mapping of X+id = X & dom the mapping of X opp+id = X
     by FUNCT_2:def 1;
      now let x be set; assume x in X;
     then reconsider i = x as Element of X+id by A1;
     thus (the mapping of X+id).x = X+id.i by WAYBEL_0:def 8
        .= x by YELLOW_9:6;
    end;
   hence the mapping of X+id = id X by A2,FUNCT_1:34;
      now let x be set; assume x in X;
     then reconsider i = x as Element of X opp+id by A1;
     thus (the mapping of X opp+id).x = X opp+id.i by WAYBEL_0:def 8
        .= x by YELLOW_9:7;
    end;
   hence thesis by A2,FUNCT_1:34;
  end;

theorem Th28:
 for R being reflexive antisymmetric non empty RelStr, x being Element of R
  holds (uparrow x) /\ (downarrow x) = {x}
  proof let R be reflexive antisymmetric non empty RelStr, x be Element of R;
   hereby let a be set; assume
A1:   a in (uparrow x) /\ (downarrow x);
    then reconsider y = a as Element of R;
       y in uparrow x & y in downarrow x by A1,XBOOLE_0:def 3;
     then x <= y & y <= x by WAYBEL_0:17,18;
     then x = a by ORDERS_1:25;
    hence a in {x} by TARSKI:def 1;
   end;
      x <= x;
    then x in uparrow x & x in downarrow x by WAYBEL_0:17,18;
    then x in (uparrow x) /\ (downarrow x) by XBOOLE_0:def 3;
   hence thesis by ZFMISC_1:37;
  end;

begin :: Lawson topology

definition :: 1.5. DEFINITION, p. 144 (part I)
 let T be reflexive (non empty TopRelStr);
 attr T is Lawson means:
Def3:
  (omega T) \/ (sigma T) is prebasis of T;
end;

theorem Th29:
 for R being complete LATTICE
 for LL being lower correct TopAugmentation of R
 for S being Scott TopAugmentation of R
 for T being correct TopAugmentation of R holds
   T is Lawson iff T is Refinement of S,LL
  proof let R be complete LATTICE;
   let LL be lower correct TopAugmentation of R;
   let S be Scott TopAugmentation of R;
   let T be correct TopAugmentation of R;
A1: the topology of LL = omega R by Def2;
A2: the topology of S = sigma R by YELLOW_9:51;
A3: (omega T) \/ (sigma T) is prebasis of T iff T is Lawson by Def3;
A4: (the carrier of R) \/ the carrier of R = the carrier of R;
A5: the RelStr of LL = the RelStr of R &
    the RelStr of S = the RelStr of R &
    the RelStr of T = the RelStr of R by YELLOW_9:def 4;
    then omega T = omega R & sigma T = sigma R by Th3,YELLOW_9:52;
   hence thesis by A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,YELLOW_9:def 6;
  end;

definition
 let R be complete LATTICE;
 cluster Lawson strict correct TopAugmentation of R;
 existence
  proof consider T being lower correct TopAugmentation of R;
   consider S being Scott correct TopAugmentation of R;
A1:  the RelStr of T = the RelStr of R & the RelStr of S = the RelStr of R
     by YELLOW_9:def 4;
   consider RR being Refinement of S,T;
A2:  the carrier of RR
       = (the carrier of S) \/ the carrier of T by YELLOW_9:def 6;
   then reconsider O = the topology of RR as Subset-Family of R by A1;
   set LL = TopRelStr(#the carrier of R, the InternalRel of R, O#);
      the RelStr of LL = the RelStr of R;
   then reconsider LL as TopAugmentation of R by YELLOW_9:def 4;
   take LL;
      the TopStruct of LL = the TopStruct of RR by A1,A2;
then A3:  LL is correct by TEX_2:12;
   reconsider A = (the topology of S) \/ (the topology of T) as prebasis of RR
     by YELLOW_9:def 6;
   reconsider A' = A as Subset-Family of LL by A1,A2;
      FinMeetCl A is Basis of RR by YELLOW_9:23;
    then UniCl FinMeetCl A = O by YELLOW_9:22;
    then FinMeetCl A' is Basis of LL by A1,A2,A3,YELLOW_9:22;
    then (the topology of S) \/ (the topology of T) is prebasis of LL
     by A3,YELLOW_9:23;
    then LL is Refinement of S,T by A1,A2,A3,YELLOW_9:def 6;
   hence thesis by Th29;
  end;
end;

definition
 cluster Scott complete strict TopLattice;
 existence
  proof consider R being complete LATTICE;
   consider T being strict Scott correct TopAugmentation of R;
   take T; thus thesis;
  end;
 cluster Lawson continuous (complete strict TopLattice);
 existence
  proof consider R being continuous complete LATTICE;
   consider T being strict Lawson correct TopAugmentation of R;
   take T; thus thesis;
  end;
end;

theorem Th30:
 for T being Lawson (complete TopLattice) holds
  (sigma T) \/ {(uparrow x)` where x is Element of T: not contradiction}
    is prebasis of T
   proof let T be Lawson (complete TopLattice);
    consider R being lower correct TopAugmentation of T;
    consider S being Scott TopAugmentation of T;
A1:   the RelStr of S = the RelStr of T & the RelStr of R = the RelStr of T
      by YELLOW_9:def 4;
    set O = {(uparrow x)` where x is Element of T: not contradiction};
    set K = {(uparrow x)` where x is Element of R: not contradiction};
       O = K
      proof
        hereby let a be set; assume a in O;
         then consider x being Element of T such that
A2:        a = (uparrow x)`;
         reconsider y = x as Element of R by A1;
            uparrow x = uparrow y by A1,Lm2;
          then a = (uparrow y)` by A1,A2;
         hence a in K;
        end;
       let a be set; assume a in K;
       then consider x being Element of R such that
A3:      a = (uparrow x)`;
       reconsider y = x as Element of T by A1;
          uparrow x = uparrow y by A1,Lm2;
        then a = (uparrow y)` by A1,A3;
       hence a in O;
      end;
    then reconsider O as prebasis of R by Def1;
       the topology of S = sigma T by YELLOW_9:51;
     then sigma T is Basis of S & T is TopAugmentation of T
      by CANTOR_1:2,YELLOW_9:44;
     then sigma T is prebasis of S & T is Refinement of S,R & O = O
      by Th29,YELLOW_9:27;
    hence thesis by A1,Th23;
   end;

theorem
   for T being Lawson (complete TopLattice) holds
  (sigma T) \/
  {W\uparrow x where W is Subset of T, x is Element of T: W in sigma T}
    is prebasis of T
   proof let T be Lawson (complete TopLattice);
   set O = {W\uparrow x where W is Subset of T,x is Element of T:
     W in sigma T};
       O c= bool the carrier of T
      proof let a be set; assume a in O;
        then ex W being Subset of T, x being Element of T st
         a = W\uparrow x & W in sigma T;
       hence thesis;
      end;
    then reconsider O as Subset-Family of T by SETFAM_1:def 7;
    reconsider O as Subset-Family of T;
    consider R being lower correct TopAugmentation of T;
    reconsider K = {(uparrow x)` where x is Element of R: not contradiction}
      as prebasis of R by Def1;
A1:   omega T = the topology of R by Def2;
    consider S being Scott TopAugmentation of T;
A2:   the RelStr of R = the RelStr of T & the RelStr of S = the RelStr of T
      by YELLOW_9:def 4;
A3:   sigma T = the topology of S by YELLOW_9:51;
then A4:   the carrier of S in sigma T & the carrier of T = [#]T
      by PRE_TOPC:12,def 1;
       K c= O
      proof let a be set; assume a in K;
       then consider x being Element of R such that
A5:      a = (uparrow x)`;
       reconsider y = x as Element of T by A2;
          a = [#]R \ uparrow x by A5,PRE_TOPC:17
         .= (the carrier of T) \ uparrow x by A2,PRE_TOPC:12
         .= [#]T\uparrow y by A2,A4,Lm2;
       hence thesis by A2,A4;
      end;
then A6:   (sigma T) \/ K c= (sigma T) \/ O by XBOOLE_1:9;
       (sigma T) \/ omega T is prebasis of T by Def3;
     then sigma T c= (sigma T) \/ omega T & omega T c= (sigma T) \/ omega T &
     (sigma T) \/ omega T c= the topology of T
      by CANTOR_1:def 5,XBOOLE_1:7;
then A7:   sigma T c= the topology of T & omega T c= the topology of T by
XBOOLE_1:1
;
       O c= the topology of T
      proof let a be set; assume a in O;
       then consider W being Subset of T, x being Element of T such that
A8:     a = W \ uparrow x & W in sigma T;
A9:     a = W /\ (uparrow x)` by A8,SUBSET_1:32;
       reconsider y = x as Element of R by A2;
          uparrow x = uparrow y by A2,Lm2;
        then (uparrow y)` = (uparrow x)` by A2;
        then (uparrow x)` in K & K c= omega T by A1,CANTOR_1:def 5;
        then (uparrow x)` in omega T;
       hence thesis by A7,A8,A9,PRE_TOPC:def 1;
      end;
then A10:   (sigma T) \/ O c= the topology of T by A7,XBOOLE_1:8;
       T is TopAugmentation of T & sigma T is Basis of S
      by A3,CANTOR_1:2,YELLOW_9:44;
     then T is Refinement of S,R & sigma T is prebasis of S
      by Th29,YELLOW_9:27;
     then (sigma T) \/ K is prebasis of T by A2,Th23;
    hence thesis by A6,A10,Th22;
   end;

theorem
   for T being Lawson (complete TopLattice) holds
  {W\uparrow F where W,F is Subset of T: W in sigma T & F is finite}
    is Basis of T
   proof let T be Lawson (complete TopLattice);
    set Z = {W\uparrow F where W,F is Subset of T: W in sigma T & F is finite};
    consider S be Scott TopAugmentation of T;
A1:   the topology of S = sigma T & the RelStr of S = the RelStr of T
      by YELLOW_9:51,def 4;
    then reconsider B1 = sigma T as Basis of S by CANTOR_1:2;
    consider R being lower correct TopAugmentation of T;
A2:  the RelStr of R = the RelStr of T by YELLOW_9:def 4;
    reconsider B2 = {(uparrow F)` where F is Subset of R: F is finite} as
       Basis of R by Th7;
       T is TopAugmentation of T by YELLOW_9:44;
     then T is Refinement of S,R by Th29;
then A3:   B1 \/ B2 \/ INTERSECTION(B1,B2) is Basis of T by YELLOW_9:59;
A4:   INTERSECTION(B1,B2) = Z
      proof
       hereby let x be set; assume x in INTERSECTION(B1,B2);
        then consider y,z being set such that
A5:       y in B1 & z in B2 & x = y /\ z by SETFAM_1:def 5;
        reconsider y as Subset of T by A5;
        consider F being Subset of R such that
A6:       z = (uparrow F)` & F is finite by A5;
        reconsider G = F as Subset of T by A2;
           [#]T = the carrier of S & the carrier of S in B1 &
         uparrow F = uparrow G & y c= the carrier of S
          by A1,A2,PRE_TOPC:12,def 1,WAYBEL_0:13;
         then [#]T\uparrow G = (uparrow G)` & z = (uparrow G)` & [#]T /\ y = y
          by A2,A6,PRE_TOPC:17,XBOOLE_1:28;
         then x = y\uparrow G by A5,XBOOLE_1:49;
        hence x in Z by A5,A6;
       end;
       let x be set; assume x in Z;
       then consider W, F being Subset of T such that
A7:      x = W\uparrow F & W in sigma T & F is finite;
          [#]T = the carrier of T by PRE_TOPC:12;
        then W /\ [#]T = W by XBOOLE_1:28;
        then x = W /\ ([#]T\uparrow F) by A7,XBOOLE_1:49;
then A8:      x = W /\ (uparrow F)` by PRE_TOPC:17;
       reconsider G = F as Subset of R by A2;
          uparrow F = uparrow G by A2,WAYBEL_0:13;
        then (uparrow F)` = (uparrow G)` & (uparrow G)` in B2 by A2,A7;
       hence x in INTERSECTION(B1,B2) by A7,A8,SETFAM_1:def 5;
      end;
A9:   B1 c= Z
      proof let x be set; assume A10: x in B1;
       then reconsider x' = x as Subset of T;
       set F' = {}R;
       reconsider G = F' as Subset of T by A2;
         uparrow G = uparrow F' by A2,WAYBEL_0:13;
       then x'\uparrow G = x' & G is finite; hence thesis by A10;
      end;
       B2 c= Z
      proof let x be set; assume x in B2;
       then consider F being Subset of R such that
A11:      x = (uparrow F)` & F is finite;
       reconsider G = F as Subset of T by A2;
          [#]
T = the carrier of S & the carrier of S in B1 & uparrow F = uparrow G
         by A1,A2,PRE_TOPC:12,def 1,WAYBEL_0:13;
        then [#]T\uparrow G in Z & x = (uparrow G)` by A2,A11;
       hence thesis by PRE_TOPC:17;
      end;
then A12:  B2 \/ Z = Z by XBOOLE_1:12;
       B1 \/ Z = Z by A9,XBOOLE_1:12;
    hence thesis by A3,A4,A12,XBOOLE_1:4;
   end;

definition :: 1.5. DEFINITION, p. 144 (part II)
 let T be complete LATTICE;
 func lambda T -> Subset-Family of T means:
Def4:
   for S being Lawson correct TopAugmentation of T
    holds it = the topology of S;
 uniqueness
  proof let L1,L2 be Subset-Family of T such that
A1:  for S being Lawson correct TopAugmentation of T
     holds L1 = the topology of S;
   consider S being Lawson correct TopAugmentation of T;
      L1 = the topology of S by A1;
   hence thesis;
  end;
 existence
  proof consider S being Lawson correct TopAugmentation of T;
A2:  the RelStr of S = the RelStr of T by YELLOW_9:def 4;
   then reconsider t = the topology of S as Subset-Family of T;
   take t; let S' be Lawson correct TopAugmentation of T;
A3:  the RelStr of S' = the RelStr of T by YELLOW_9:def 4;
then A4:  omega S' = omega S & sigma S' = sigma S by A2,Th3,YELLOW_9:52;
      (omega S') \/ sigma S' is prebasis of S' &
    (omega S) \/ sigma S is prebasis of S by Def3;
then A5:  FinMeetCl ((omega S') \/ sigma S') is Basis of S' &
    FinMeetCl ((omega S) \/ sigma S) is Basis of S by YELLOW_9:23;
   hence t = UniCl FinMeetCl ((omega S) \/ sigma S) by YELLOW_9:22
          .= the topology of S' by A2,A3,A4,A5,YELLOW_9:22;
  end;
end;

theorem Th33:
 for R being complete LATTICE holds
 lambda R = UniCl FinMeetCl ((sigma R) \/ (omega R))
  proof let R be complete LATTICE;
   consider S being Lawson correct TopAugmentation of R;
A1:  the RelStr of S = the RelStr of R by YELLOW_9:def 4;
then A2:  omega R = omega S & sigma R = sigma S by Th3,YELLOW_9:52;
      (omega S) \/ sigma S is prebasis of S by Def3;
    then FinMeetCl ((omega S) \/ sigma S) is Basis of S by YELLOW_9:23;
    then the topology of S = UniCl FinMeetCl ((omega S) \/ sigma S) by YELLOW_9
:22;
   hence lambda R = UniCl FinMeetCl ((sigma R) \/ (omega R)) by A1,A2,Def4;
  end;

theorem
   for R being complete LATTICE
 for T being lower correct TopAugmentation of R
 for S being Scott correct TopAugmentation of R
 for M being Refinement of S,T
  holds lambda R = the topology of M
  proof let R be complete LATTICE;
   let T be lower correct TopAugmentation of R;
   let S be Scott correct TopAugmentation of R;
   let M be Refinement of S,T;
A1:  the RelStr of S = the RelStr of R &
    the RelStr of T = the RelStr of R by YELLOW_9:def 4;
      sigma R = the topology of S & omega R = the topology of T &
    (the carrier of R) \/ the carrier of R = the carrier of R
     by Def2,YELLOW_9:51;
then A2:  (sigma R) \/ omega R is prebasis of M &
    the carrier of M = the carrier of R by A1,YELLOW_9:def 6;
then A3:  FinMeetCl ((sigma R) \/ omega R) is Basis of M by YELLOW_9:23;
   thus lambda R = UniCl FinMeetCl ((sigma R) \/ (omega R)) by Th33
                .= the topology of M by A2,A3,YELLOW_9:22;
  end;

Lm3: for T being LATTICE, F being Subset-Family of T
   st for A being Subset of T st A in F holds A has_the_property_(S)
   holds union F has_the_property_(S)
  proof let T be LATTICE, F be Subset-Family of T such that
A1:  for A being Subset of T st A in F holds A has_the_property_(S);
   let D be non empty directed Subset of T; assume sup D in union F;
   then consider A being set such that
A2:  sup D in A & A in F by TARSKI:def 4;
   reconsider A as Subset of T by A2;
      A has_the_property_(S) by A1,A2;
   then consider y being Element of T such that
A3:  y in D & for x being Element of T st x in D & x >= y holds x in A
     by A2,WAYBEL11:def 3;
   take y; thus y in D by A3;
   let x be Element of T; assume x in D & x >= y;
    then x in A by A3;
   hence thesis by A2,TARSKI:def 4;
  end;
Lm4: for T being LATTICE
  for A1,A2 being Subset of T
   st A1 has_the_property_(S) & A2 has_the_property_(S)
   holds A1 /\ A2 has_the_property_(S)
   proof let T be LATTICE, A1,A2 be Subset of T such that
A1:  for D being non empty directed Subset of T st sup D in A1
      ex y being Element of T st y in D &
       for x being Element of T st x in D & x >= y holds x in A1 and
A2:  for D being non empty directed Subset of T st sup D in A2
      ex y being Element of T st y in D &
       for x being Element of T st x in D & x >= y holds x in A2;
    let D be non empty directed Subset of T; assume sup D in A1 /\ A2;
then A3:   sup D in A1 & sup D in A2 by XBOOLE_0:def 3;
    then consider y1 being Element of T such that
A4:  y1 in D & for x being Element of T st x in D & x >= y1 holds x in
 A1 by A1;
    consider y2 being Element of T such that
A5:  y2 in D & for x being Element of T st x in D & x >=
 y2 holds x in A2 by A2,A3;
    consider y being Element of T such that
A6:   y in D & y1 <= y & y2 <= y by A4,A5,WAYBEL_0:def 1;
    take y; thus y in D by A6;
    let x be Element of T; assume
A7:   x in D & x >= y;
     then x >= y1 & x >= y2 by A6,ORDERS_1:26;
     then x in A1 & x in A2 by A4,A5,A7;
    hence thesis by XBOOLE_0:def 3;
   end;
Lm5: for T being LATTICE holds [#]T has_the_property_(S)
  proof let T be LATTICE;
   let D be non empty directed Subset of T such that sup D in [#]T;
   consider y being Element of D;
   reconsider y as Element of T;
   take y; [#]T = the carrier of T by PRE_TOPC:12;
   hence thesis;
  end;

theorem Th35:
 for T being lower up-complete TopLattice
 for A being Subset of T st A is open holds A has_the_property_(S)
  proof let T be lower up-complete TopLattice;
   defpred P[Subset of T] means $1 has_the_property_(S);
A1:   ex K being prebasis of T st
      for A being Subset of T st A in K holds P[A]
       proof reconsider K =
         {(uparrow x)` where x is Element of T: not contradiction}
         as prebasis of T by Def1;
        take K; let A be Subset of T; assume A in K;
        then consider x being Element of T such that
A2:      A = (uparrow x)`;
        let D be non empty directed Subset of T; assume
           sup D in A;
then A3:      not x <= sup D by A2,YELLOW_9:1;
        consider y being Element of D;
        reconsider y as Element of T;
        take y; thus y in D;
        let z be Element of T;
A4:      ex_sup_of D,T & ex_sup_of {z},T by WAYBEL_0:75,YELLOW_0:38;
        assume z in D & z >= y & not z in A;
         then {z} c= D & z >= x by A2,YELLOW_9:1,ZFMISC_1:37;
         then sup {z} <= sup D & not z <= sup D by A3,A4,ORDERS_1:26,YELLOW_0:
34;
        hence thesis by YELLOW_0:39;
       end;
A5:   for F being Subset-Family of T
      st for A being Subset of T st A in F holds P[A]
      holds P[union F] by Lm3;
A6:   for A1,A2 being Subset of T st P[A1] & P[A2] holds P[A1 /\ A2] by Lm4;
A7:   P[[#]T] by Lm5;
   thus for A being Subset of T st A is open holds P[A]
    from TopInd(A1,A5,A6,A7);
  end;

theorem Th36:
:: Remark after 1.5. p. 144
 for T being Lawson (complete TopLattice)
 for A being Subset of T st A is open holds A has_the_property_(S)
  proof let T be Lawson (complete TopLattice);
   defpred P[Subset of T] means $1 has_the_property_(S);
   consider S being Scott TopAugmentation of T,
            R being lower correct TopAugmentation of T;
A1:  the RelStr of S = the RelStr of T & the RelStr of R = the RelStr of T
     by YELLOW_9:def 4;
A2:   ex K being prebasis of T st
      for A being Subset of T st A in K holds P[A]
       proof reconsider K = (sigma T) \/ omega T as prebasis of T by Def3;
        take K; let A be Subset of T;
        reconsider AS = A as Subset of S by A1;
        reconsider AR = A as Subset of R by A1;
        assume A in K;
         then A in sigma T & sigma T = the topology of S or
         A in omega T & omega T = the topology of R
          by Def2,XBOOLE_0:def 2,YELLOW_9:51;
         then AS is open or AR is open by PRE_TOPC:def 5;
         then AS has_the_property_(S) or AR has_the_property_(S)
          by Th35,WAYBEL11:15;
        hence thesis by A1,YELLOW12:19;
       end;
A3:   for F being Subset-Family of T
      st for A being Subset of T st A in F holds P[A]
      holds P[union F] by Lm3;
A4:   for A1,A2 being Subset of T st P[A1] & P[A2] holds P[A1 /\ A2] by Lm4;
A5:   P[[#]T];
   thus  for A being Subset of T st A is open holds P[A]
    from TopInd(A2,A3,A4,A5);
  end;

theorem Th37:
 for S being Scott complete TopLattice
 for T being Lawson correct TopAugmentation of S
 for A being Subset of S st A is open
 for C being Subset of T st C = A holds C is open
  proof let S be Scott complete TopLattice;
   let T be Lawson correct TopAugmentation of S;
      the RelStr of S = the RelStr of T by YELLOW_9:def 4;
then A1:  S is Scott TopAugmentation of T by YELLOW_9:def 4;
   let A be Subset of S; assume A in the topology of S;
then A2:  A in sigma T by A1,YELLOW_9:51;
      (sigma T) \/ omega T is prebasis of T by Def3;
then A3:  (sigma T) \/ omega T c= the topology of T by CANTOR_1:def 5;
   let C be Subset of T; assume C = A;
    then C in (sigma T) \/ omega T by A2,XBOOLE_0:def 2;
   hence C in the topology of T by A3;
  end;

theorem Th38:
 for T being Lawson (complete TopLattice)
 for x being Element of T holds
   uparrow x is closed & downarrow x is closed & {x} is closed
  proof let T be Lawson (complete TopLattice);
   consider S being Scott TopAugmentation of T,
            R being lower correct TopAugmentation of T;
A1:  the RelStr of S = the RelStr of T & the RelStr of R = the RelStr of T
     by YELLOW_9:def 4;
      T is TopAugmentation of T by YELLOW_9:44;
then A2:  T is Refinement of S,R by Th29;
then A3:  T is Refinement of R,S by YELLOW_9:55;
   let x be Element of T;
   reconsider y = x as Element of S by A1;
   reconsider z = x as Element of R by A1;
      downarrow y = downarrow x & downarrow y is closed &
    uparrow z = uparrow x & uparrow z is closed by A1,Lm2,Th4,WAYBEL11:11;
   hence uparrow x is closed & downarrow x is closed by A1,A2,A3,Th21;
    then (uparrow x) /\ downarrow x is closed by TOPS_1:35;
   hence thesis by Th28;
  end;

theorem Th39:
 for T being Lawson (complete TopLattice)
 for x being Element of T holds
   (uparrow x)` is open & (downarrow x)` is open & {x}` is open
  proof let T be Lawson (complete TopLattice);
   let x be Element of T;
      uparrow x is closed & downarrow x is closed & {x} is closed by Th38;
   hence thesis by TOPS_1:29;
  end;

theorem Th40:
 for T being Lawson (complete continuous TopLattice)
 for x being Element of T holds
   wayabove x is open & (wayabove x)` is closed
  proof let T be Lawson continuous (complete TopLattice);
   let x be Element of T;
   consider S being Scott TopAugmentation of T;
A1:  the RelStr of S = the RelStr of T by YELLOW_9:def 4;
   then reconsider v = x as Element of S;
      wayabove v is open & wayabove v = wayabove x & T is TopAugmentation of S
      by A1,WAYBEL11:36,YELLOW12:13,YELLOW_9:45;
   hence wayabove x is open by Th37;
   hence thesis by TOPS_1:30;
  end;

theorem
:: 1.6. PROPOSITION (i), p. 144
   for S being Scott complete TopLattice
 for T being Lawson correct TopAugmentation of S
 for A being upper Subset of T st A is open
 for C being Subset of S st C = A holds C is open
  proof let S be Scott complete TopLattice;
   let T be Lawson correct TopAugmentation of S;
   let A be upper Subset of T; assume A is open;
then A1:  A has_the_property_(S) & the RelStr of T = the RelStr of S
     by Th36,YELLOW_9:def 4;
   let C be Subset of S; assume C = A;
    then C is upper property(S) by A1,WAYBEL_0:25,YELLOW12:19;
   hence C is open by WAYBEL11:15;
  end;

theorem
:: 1.6. PROPOSITION (ii), p. 144
   for T being Lawson (complete TopLattice)
 for A being lower Subset of T holds
    A is closed iff A is closed_under_directed_sups
  proof let T be Lawson (complete TopLattice);
   let A be lower Subset of T;
   hereby assume A is closed;
     then A` is open by TOPS_1:29;
    then reconsider mA = A` as property(S) Subset of T by Th36;
       mA` = A;
    hence A is directly_closed;
   end;
   assume A is directly_closed;
   then reconsider dA = A as directly_closed lower Subset of T;
   consider S being Scott TopAugmentation of T;
A1:  the RelStr of S = the RelStr of T by YELLOW_9:def 4;
   then reconsider mA = dA` as Subset of S;
      mA is upper inaccessible by A1,WAYBEL_0:25,YELLOW_9:47;
    then mA is open & T is TopAugmentation of S
     by A1,WAYBEL11:def 4,YELLOW_9:def 4;
    then dA` is open by Th37;
   hence A is closed by TOPS_1:29;
  end;

theorem
:: 1.7. LEMMA, p. 145
   for T being Lawson (complete TopLattice)
 for F being non empty filtered Subset of T
  holds Lim (F opp+id) = {inf F}
  proof let T be Lawson (complete TopLattice);
   consider S being Scott TopAugmentation of T;
   let F be non empty filtered Subset of T;
   set N = F opp+id;
A1: the carrier of N = F by YELLOW_9:7;
A2: N is full SubRelStr of T opp by YELLOW_9:7;
A3: the topology of S = sigma T by YELLOW_9:51;
A4: the RelStr of S = the RelStr of T by YELLOW_9:def 4;
   thus Lim N c= {inf F}
     proof let p be set; assume
A5:    p in Lim N;
      then reconsider p as Element of T;
         p is_<=_than F
        proof let u be Element of T; assume
A6:       u in F;
            downarrow u is closed by Th38;
then A7:       Cl downarrow u = downarrow u by PRE_TOPC:52;
            N is_eventually_in downarrow u
           proof reconsider i = u as Element of N by A1,A6;
            take i; let j be Element of N;
               j in F by A1;
            then reconsider z = j as Element of T;
A8:          z~ = z & u~ = u by LATTICE3:def 6;
            assume j >= i;
             then z~ >= u~ by A2,A8,YELLOW_0:60;
             then z <= u by LATTICE3:9;
             then z in downarrow u by WAYBEL_0:17;
            hence thesis by YELLOW_9:7;
           end;
          then Lim N c= downarrow u by A7,Th26;
         hence thesis by A5,WAYBEL_0:17;
        end;
then A9:    p <= inf F by YELLOW_0:33;
         inf F is_<=_than F by YELLOW_0:33;
then A10:    F c= uparrow inf F by YELLOW_2:2;
         uparrow inf F is closed by Th38;
       then Cl uparrow inf F = uparrow inf F by PRE_TOPC:52;
then A11:    Cl F c= uparrow inf F by A10,PRE_TOPC:49;
         the mapping of N = id F by Th27;
       then rng the mapping of N = F by RELAT_1:71;
       then p in Cl F by A5,WAYBEL_9:24;
       then p >= inf F by A11,WAYBEL_0:18;
       then p = inf F by A9,ORDERS_1:25;
      hence thesis by TARSKI:def 1;
     end;
   reconsider K = (sigma T) \/
     {(uparrow x)` where x is Element of T: not contradiction} as prebasis of T
       by Th30;
      now let A be Subset of T; assume
A12:   inf F in A & A in K;
     per cases by A12,XBOOLE_0:def 2;
     suppose
A13:    A in sigma T;
      then reconsider a = A as Subset of S by A3;
         a is open by A3,A13,PRE_TOPC:def 5;
       then a is upper by WAYBEL11:def 4;
then A14:    A is upper by A4,WAYBEL_0:25;
      consider i being Element of N;
      thus N is_eventually_in A
        proof take i; let j be Element of N;
            j in F by A1;
         then reconsider z = j as Element of T;
            z >= inf F by A1,YELLOW_2:24;
          then z in A by A12,A14,WAYBEL_0:def 20;
         hence thesis by YELLOW_9:7;
        end;
     suppose A in {(uparrow x)` where x is Element of T: not contradiction};
      then consider x being Element of T such that
A15:    A = (uparrow x)`;
         not inf F >= x by A12,A15,YELLOW_9:1;
       then not F is_>=_than x by YELLOW_0:33;
      then consider y being Element of T such that
A16:    y in F & not y >= x by LATTICE3:def 8;
      thus N is_eventually_in A
       proof reconsider i = y as Element of N by A1,A16;
        take i; let j be Element of N;
           j in F by A1;
        then reconsider z = j as Element of T;
A17:      z~ = z & y~ = y by LATTICE3:def 6;
        assume j >= i;
         then z~ >= y~ by A2,A17,YELLOW_0:60;
         then z <= y by LATTICE3:9;
         then not z >= x by A16,ORDERS_1:26;
         then z in A by A15,YELLOW_9:1;
        hence thesis by YELLOW_9:7;
       end;
    end;
    then inf F in Lim N by Th25;
   hence thesis by ZFMISC_1:37;
  end;

definition
:: 1.9. THEOREM, p. 146
 cluster Lawson -> being_T1 compact (complete TopLattice);
 coherence
  proof let T be complete TopLattice such that
A1:  T is Lawson;
     for x be Point of T holds {x} is closed by A1,Th38;
   hence T is_T1 by URYSOHN1:27;
A2:  the carrier of InclPoset the topology of T = the topology of T
     by YELLOW_1:1;
      the carrier of T in the topology of T by PRE_TOPC:def 1;
   then reconsider X = the carrier of T as Element of InclPoset the topology of
T
     by A2;
   set O1 = sigma T,
       O2 = {(uparrow x)` where x is Element of T: not contradiction};
   reconsider K = O1 \/ O2 as prebasis of T by A1,Th30;
   consider S being Scott TopAugmentation of T;
A3:  the RelStr of S = the RelStr of T by YELLOW_9:def 4;
      for F being Subset of K st X c= union F
     ex G being finite Subset of F st X c= union G
     proof let F be Subset of K;
      set I2 = {x where x is Element of T: (uparrow x)` in F};
      set x = "\/"(I2, T);
A4:     x in X;
      assume X c= union F;
      then consider Y being set such that
A5:     x in Y & Y in F by A4,TARSKI:def 4;
A6:    Y in K by A5;
         I2 c= the carrier of T
        proof let a be set; assume a in I2;
          then ex x being Element of T st a = x & (uparrow x)` in F;
         hence thesis;
        end;
      then reconsider I2, Y as Subset of T by A6;
      reconsider Z = Y, J2 = I2 as Subset of S by A3;
      reconsider z = x as Element of S by A3;
         now assume not Y in O1; then Y in O2 by A5,XBOOLE_0:def 2;
        then consider y being Element of T such that
A7:       Y = (uparrow y)`;
           y in I2 by A5,A7;
         then y <= x by YELLOW_2:24;
        hence contradiction by A5,A7,YELLOW_9:1;
       end;
       then Z in the topology of S by YELLOW_9:51;
       then Z is open by PRE_TOPC:def 5;
then A8:     Z has_the_property_(S) & Z is upper by WAYBEL11:15;
         ex_sup_of I2, T by YELLOW_0:17;
       then z = sup J2 by A3,YELLOW_0:26 .= sup finsups J2 by WAYBEL_0:55;
      then consider y being Element of S such that
A9:     y in finsups J2 and
A10:     for x being Element of S st x in finsups J2 & x >= y holds x in Z
        by A5,A8,WAYBEL11:def 3;
         finsups J2 = {"\/"(a,S) where a is finite Subset of J2: ex_sup_of a,S}
        by WAYBEL_0:def 27;
      then consider a being finite Subset of J2 such that
A11:     y = "\/"(a,S) & ex_sup_of a,S by A9;
      set AA = {(uparrow c)` where c is Element of T: c in a}, G = {Y} \/ AA;
A12:     G c= F
        proof let i be set; assume
A13:       i in G & not i in F;
          then i in {Y} or i in AA by XBOOLE_0:def 2;
         then consider c being Element of T such that
A14:       i = (uparrow c)` & c in a by A5,A13,TARSKI:def 1;
            c in J2 by A14;
          then ex c' being Element of T st c = c' & (uparrow c')` in F;
         hence contradiction by A13,A14;
        end;
A15:     a is finite;
        deffunc F(Element of T) = (uparrow $1)`;
A16:     {F(c) where c is Element of T: c in a} is finite
        from FraenkelFin(A15);
      AA is finite & {Y} is finite by A16;
      then reconsider G as finite Subset of F by A12,FINSET_1:14;
      take G; let u be set; assume
A17:     u in X & not u in union G;
      then reconsider u as Element of S by A3;
         union G = (union {Y}) \/ union AA by ZFMISC_1:96
              .= Y \/ union AA by ZFMISC_1:31;
then A18:     not u in Y & not u in union AA by A17,XBOOLE_0:def 2;
         y <= y & u is_>=_than a
        proof thus y <= y;
         let v be Element of S; assume
A19:        v in a; then v in J2;
         then consider c being Element of T such that
A20:        v = c & (uparrow c)` in F;
            (uparrow c)` in AA & uparrow c = uparrow v by A3,A19,A20,Lm2;
          then not u in (uparrow c)` & (uparrow c)` = (uparrow v)`
           by A3,A18,TARSKI:def 4;
         hence thesis by YELLOW_9:1;
        end;
       then u >= y & y in Z by A9,A10,A11,YELLOW_0:32;
      hence thesis by A8,A18,WAYBEL_0:def 20;
     end;
    then X << X by WAYBEL_7:35;
    then X is compact by WAYBEL_3:def 2;
   hence thesis by WAYBEL_3:37;
  end;
end;

definition
:: 1.10. THEOREM, p. 146
 cluster Lawson -> Hausdorff (complete continuous TopLattice);
 coherence
  proof let T be complete continuous TopLattice such that
A1:  T is Lawson;
   let x, y be Point of T such that
A2:  x <> y;
   reconsider x' = x, y' = y as Element of T;
A3:  for x being Element of T holds waybelow x is non empty directed;
   per cases by A2,ORDERS_1:25;
   suppose not y' <= x';
    then consider u being Element of T such that
A4:   u << y' & not u <= x' by A3,WAYBEL_3:24;
    take V = (uparrow u)`, W = wayabove u;
    thus V is open & W is open by A1,Th39,Th40;
    thus x in V by A4,YELLOW_9:1;
    thus y in W by A4,WAYBEL_3:8;
       W c= uparrow u & V` = uparrow u by WAYBEL_3:11;
    hence thesis by PRE_TOPC:21;
   suppose not x' <= y';
    then consider u being Element of T such that
A5:   u << x' & not u <= y' by A3,WAYBEL_3:24;
    take W = wayabove u, V = (uparrow u)`;
    thus W is open & V is open by A1,Th39,Th40;
    thus x in W by A5,WAYBEL_3:8;
    thus y in V by A5,YELLOW_9:1;
       W c= uparrow u & V` = uparrow u by WAYBEL_3:11;
    hence thesis by PRE_TOPC:21;
  end;
end;


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