:: Jordan's Curve Theorem
:: by Artur Korni{\l}owicz
::
:: Received September 15, 2005
:: Copyright (c) 2005 Association of Mizar Users


begin

set T2 = TOP-REAL 2;

Lm1: for A, B, C, Z being set st A c= Z & B c= Z & C c= Z holds
(A \/ B) \/ C c= Z
proof end;

Lm2: for A, B, C, D, Z being set st A c= Z & B c= Z & C c= Z & D c= Z holds
((A \/ B) \/ C) \/ D c= Z
proof end;

Lm3: for A, B, C, D, Z being set st A misses Z & B misses Z & C misses Z & D misses Z holds
((A \/ B) \/ C) \/ D misses Z
proof end;

registration
let M be Reflexive symmetric triangle MetrStruct ;
let x, y be Point of M;
cluster dist (x,y) -> non negative ;
coherence
not dist (x,y) is negative by METRIC_1:5;
end;

registration
let n be Element of NAT ;
let x, y be Point of (TOP-REAL n);
cluster dist (x,y) -> non negative ;
coherence
not dist (x,y) is negative
proof end;
end;

theorem Th1: :: JORDAN:1
for n being Element of NAT
for p1, p2 being Point of (TOP-REAL n) st p1 <> p2 holds
(1 / 2) * (p1 + p2) <> p1
proof end;

theorem Th2: :: JORDAN:2
for p1, p2 being Point of (TOP-REAL 2) st p1 `2 < p2 `2 holds
p1 `2 < ((1 / 2) * (p1 + p2)) `2
proof end;

theorem Th3: :: JORDAN:3
for p1, p2 being Point of (TOP-REAL 2) st p1 `2 < p2 `2 holds
((1 / 2) * (p1 + p2)) `2 < p2 `2
proof end;

theorem Th4: :: JORDAN:4
for B being Subset of (TOP-REAL 2)
for A being vertical Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) holds A /\ B is vertical
proof end;

theorem :: JORDAN:5
for B being Subset of (TOP-REAL 2)
for A being horizontal Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) holds A /\ B is horizontal
proof end;

theorem :: JORDAN:6
for p, p1, p2 being Point of (TOP-REAL 2) st p in LSeg (p1,p2) & LSeg (p1,p2) is vertical holds
LSeg (p,p2) is vertical
proof end;

theorem :: JORDAN:7
for p, p1, p2 being Point of (TOP-REAL 2) st p in LSeg (p1,p2) & LSeg (p1,p2) is horizontal holds
LSeg (p,p2) is horizontal
proof end;

registration
let P be Subset of (TOP-REAL 2);
cluster LSeg ((SW-corner P),(SE-corner P)) -> horizontal ;
coherence
LSeg ((SW-corner P),(SE-corner P)) is horizontal
proof end;
cluster LSeg ((NW-corner P),(SW-corner P)) -> vertical ;
coherence
LSeg ((NW-corner P),(SW-corner P)) is vertical
proof end;
cluster LSeg ((NE-corner P),(SE-corner P)) -> vertical ;
coherence
LSeg ((NE-corner P),(SE-corner P)) is vertical
proof end;
end;

registration
let P be Subset of (TOP-REAL 2);
cluster LSeg ((SE-corner P),(SW-corner P)) -> horizontal ;
coherence
LSeg ((SE-corner P),(SW-corner P)) is horizontal ;
cluster LSeg ((SW-corner P),(NW-corner P)) -> vertical ;
coherence
LSeg ((SW-corner P),(NW-corner P)) is vertical ;
cluster LSeg ((SE-corner P),(NE-corner P)) -> vertical ;
coherence
LSeg ((SE-corner P),(NE-corner P)) is vertical ;
end;

registration
cluster non empty compact vertical -> with_the_max_arc Element of bool the carrier of (TOP-REAL 2);
coherence
for b1 being Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st b1 is vertical & not b1 is empty & b1 is compact holds
b1 is with_the_max_arc
proof end;
end;

theorem Th8: :: JORDAN:8
for r being real number
for p1, p2 being Point of (TOP-REAL 2) st p1 `1 <= r & r <= p2 `1 holds
LSeg (p1,p2) meets Vertical_Line r
proof end;

theorem :: JORDAN:9
for r being real number
for p1, p2 being Point of (TOP-REAL 2) st p1 `2 <= r & r <= p2 `2 holds
LSeg (p1,p2) meets Horizontal_Line r
proof end;

registration
let n be Element of NAT ;
cluster empty -> Bounded Element of bool the carrier of (TOP-REAL n);
coherence
for b1 being Subset of (TOP-REAL n) st b1 is empty holds
b1 is Bounded ;
cluster non Bounded -> non empty Element of bool the carrier of (TOP-REAL n);
coherence
for b1 being Subset of (TOP-REAL n) st not b1 is Bounded holds
not b1 is empty ;
end;

registration
let n be non empty Element of NAT ;
cluster open closed non Bounded convex Element of bool the carrier of (TOP-REAL n);
existence
ex b1 being Subset of (TOP-REAL n) st
( b1 is open & b1 is closed & not b1 is Bounded & b1 is convex )
proof end;
end;

theorem Th10: :: JORDAN:10
for C being compact Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) holds (north_halfline (UMP C)) \ {(UMP C)} misses C
proof end;

theorem Th11: :: JORDAN:11
for C being compact Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) holds (south_halfline (LMP C)) \ {(LMP C)} misses C
proof end;

theorem Th12: :: JORDAN:12
for C being compact Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) holds (north_halfline (UMP C)) \ {(UMP C)} c= UBD C
proof end;

theorem Th13: :: JORDAN:13
for C being compact Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) holds (south_halfline (LMP C)) \ {(LMP C)} c= UBD C
proof end;

theorem Th14: :: JORDAN:14
for A, B being Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st A is_inside_component_of B holds
UBD B misses A
proof end;

theorem :: JORDAN:15
for A, B being Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st A is_outside_component_of B holds
BDD B misses A
proof end;

Lm4: for p being Point of (TOP-REAL 2)
for C being Simple_closed_curve
for U being Subset of ((TOP-REAL 2) | (C `)) st p in C holds
{p} misses U
proof end;

set C0 = Closed-Interval-TSpace (0,1);

set C1 = Closed-Interval-TSpace ((- 1),1);

set l0 = (#) ((- 1),1);

set l1 = ((- 1),1) (#) ;

set h1 = L[01] (((#) ((- 1),1)),(((- 1),1) (#)));

Lm5: the carrier of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] = [: the carrier of (TOP-REAL 2), the carrier of (TOP-REAL 2):]
by BORSUK_1:def 5;

Lm6: now
let T be non empty TopSpace; :: thesis: for a being Real holds the carrier of T --> a is continuous
let a be Real; :: thesis: the carrier of T --> a is continuous
set c = the carrier of T;
set f = the carrier of T --> a;
thus the carrier of T --> a is continuous :: thesis: verum
proof
A1: dom ( the carrier of T --> a) = the carrier of T by FUNCT_2:def 1;
A2: rng ( the carrier of T --> a) = {a} by FUNCOP_1:14;
let Y be Subset of REAL; :: according to PSCOMP_1:def 25 :: thesis: ( not Y is closed or ( the carrier of T --> a) " Y is closed )
assume Y is closed ; :: thesis: ( the carrier of T --> a) " Y is closed
per cases ( a in Y or not a in Y ) ;
suppose a in Y ; :: thesis: ( the carrier of T --> a) " Y is closed
then A3: rng ( the carrier of T --> a) c= Y by A2, ZFMISC_1:37;
( the carrier of T --> a) " Y = ( the carrier of T --> a) " ((rng ( the carrier of T --> a)) /\ Y) by RELAT_1:168
.= ( the carrier of T --> a) " (rng ( the carrier of T --> a)) by A3, XBOOLE_1:28
.= [#] T by A1, RELAT_1:169 ;
hence ( the carrier of T --> a) " Y is closed ; :: thesis: verum
end;
suppose not a in Y ; :: thesis: ( the carrier of T --> a) " Y is closed
then A4: rng ( the carrier of T --> a) misses Y by A2, ZFMISC_1:56;
( the carrier of T --> a) " Y = ( the carrier of T --> a) " ((rng ( the carrier of T --> a)) /\ Y) by RELAT_1:168
.= ( the carrier of T --> a) " {} by A4, XBOOLE_0:def 7
.= {} T by RELAT_1:171 ;
hence ( the carrier of T --> a) " Y is closed ; :: thesis: verum
end;
end;
end;
end;

theorem Th16: :: JORDAN:16
for n being Element of NAT
for r being positive real number
for a being Point of (TOP-REAL n) holds a in Ball (a,r)
proof end;

theorem Th17: :: JORDAN:17
for n being Element of NAT
for r being non negative real number
for p being Point of (TOP-REAL n) holds p is Point of (Tdisk (p,r))
proof end;

registration
let r be positive real number ;
let n be non empty Element of NAT ;
let p, q be Point of (TOP-REAL n);
cluster (cl_Ball (p,r)) \ {q} -> non empty ;
coherence
not (cl_Ball (p,r)) \ {q} is empty
proof end;
end;

theorem Th18: :: JORDAN:18
for r, s being real number
for n being Element of NAT
for x being Point of (TOP-REAL n) st r <= s holds
Ball (x,r) c= Ball (x,s)
proof end;

theorem Th19: :: JORDAN:19
for r being real number
for n being Element of NAT
for x being Point of (TOP-REAL n) holds (cl_Ball (x,r)) \ (Ball (x,r)) = Sphere (x,r)
proof end;

theorem Th20: :: JORDAN:20
for r being real number
for n being Element of NAT
for y, x being Point of (TOP-REAL n) st y in Sphere (x,r) holds
(LSeg (x,y)) \ {x,y} c= Ball (x,r)
proof end;

theorem Th21: :: JORDAN:21
for r, s being real number
for n being Element of NAT
for x being Point of (TOP-REAL n) st r < s holds
cl_Ball (x,r) c= Ball (x,s)
proof end;

theorem Th22: :: JORDAN:22
for r, s being real number
for n being Element of NAT
for x being Point of (TOP-REAL n) st r < s holds
Sphere (x,r) c= Ball (x,s)
proof end;

theorem Th23: :: JORDAN:23
for n being Element of NAT
for x being Point of (TOP-REAL n)
for r being non zero real number holds Cl (Ball (x,r)) = cl_Ball (x,r)
proof end;

theorem Th24: :: JORDAN:24
for n being Element of NAT
for x being Point of (TOP-REAL n)
for r being non zero real number holds Fr (Ball (x,r)) = Sphere (x,r)
proof end;

registration
let n be non empty Element of NAT ;
cluster Bounded -> proper Element of bool the carrier of (TOP-REAL n);
coherence
for b1 being Subset of (TOP-REAL n) st b1 is Bounded holds
b1 is proper
proof end;
end;

registration
let n be Element of NAT ;
cluster non empty closed Bounded convex Element of bool the carrier of (TOP-REAL n);
existence
ex b1 being Subset of (TOP-REAL n) st
( not b1 is empty & b1 is closed & b1 is convex & b1 is Bounded )
proof end;
cluster non empty open Bounded convex Element of bool the carrier of (TOP-REAL n);
existence
ex b1 being Subset of (TOP-REAL n) st
( not b1 is empty & b1 is open & b1 is convex & b1 is Bounded )
proof end;
end;

registration
let n be Element of NAT ;
let A be Bounded Subset of (TOP-REAL n);
cluster Cl A -> Bounded ;
coherence
Cl A is Bounded by TOPREAL6:71;
end;

registration
let n be Element of NAT ;
let A be Bounded Subset of (TOP-REAL n);
cluster Fr A -> Bounded ;
coherence
Fr A is Bounded by TOPREAL6:98;
end;

theorem Th25: :: JORDAN:25
for n being Element of NAT
for A being closed Subset of (TOP-REAL n)
for p being Point of (TOP-REAL n) st not p in A holds
ex r being positive real number st Ball (p,r) misses A
proof end;

theorem Th26: :: JORDAN:26
for n being Element of NAT
for A being Bounded Subset of (TOP-REAL n)
for a being Point of (TOP-REAL n) ex r being positive real number st A c= Ball (a,r)
proof end;

theorem :: JORDAN:27
for S, T being TopStruct
for f being Function of S,T st f is being_homeomorphism holds
f is onto ;

registration
let T be non empty T_2 TopSpace;
cluster non empty -> non empty T_2 SubSpace of T;
coherence
for b1 being non empty SubSpace of T holds b1 is T_2 ;
end;

registration
let p be Point of (TOP-REAL 2);
let r be real number ;
cluster Tdisk (p,r) -> closed ;
coherence
Tdisk (p,r) is closed
proof end;
end;

registration
let p be Point of (TOP-REAL 2);
let r be real number ;
cluster Tdisk (p,r) -> compact ;
coherence
Tdisk (p,r) is compact
proof end;
end;

begin

theorem :: JORDAN:28
for T being non empty TopSpace
for a, b being Point of T
for f being Path of a,b st a,b are_connected holds
rng f is connected
proof end;

theorem Th29: :: JORDAN:29
for X being non empty TopSpace
for Y being non empty SubSpace of X
for x1, x2 being Point of X
for y1, y2 being Point of Y
for f being Path of x1,x2 st x1 = y1 & x2 = y2 & x1,x2 are_connected & rng f c= the carrier of Y holds
( y1,y2 are_connected & f is Path of y1,y2 )
proof end;

theorem Th30: :: JORDAN:30
for X being non empty pathwise_connected TopSpace
for Y being non empty SubSpace of X
for x1, x2 being Point of X
for y1, y2 being Point of Y
for f being Path of x1,x2 st x1 = y1 & x2 = y2 & rng f c= the carrier of Y holds
( y1,y2 are_connected & f is Path of y1,y2 )
proof end;

Lm7: for T being non empty TopSpace
for a, b being Point of T
for f being Path of a,b st a,b are_connected holds
rng f c= rng (- f)
proof end;

theorem Th31: :: JORDAN:31
for T being non empty TopSpace
for a, b being Point of T
for f being Path of a,b st a,b are_connected holds
rng f = rng (- f)
proof end;

theorem Th32: :: JORDAN:32
for T being non empty pathwise_connected TopSpace
for a, b being Point of T
for f being Path of a,b holds rng f = rng (- f)
proof end;

theorem Th33: :: JORDAN:33
for T being non empty TopSpace
for a, b, c being Point of T
for f being Path of a,b
for g being Path of b,c st a,b are_connected & b,c are_connected holds
rng f c= rng (f + g)
proof end;

theorem :: JORDAN:34
for T being non empty pathwise_connected TopSpace
for a, b, c being Point of T
for f being Path of a,b
for g being Path of b,c holds rng f c= rng (f + g)
proof end;

theorem Th35: :: JORDAN:35
for T being non empty TopSpace
for a, b, c being Point of T
for f being Path of b,c
for g being Path of a,b st a,b are_connected & b,c are_connected holds
rng f c= rng (g + f)
proof end;

theorem :: JORDAN:36
for T being non empty pathwise_connected TopSpace
for a, b, c being Point of T
for f being Path of b,c
for g being Path of a,b holds rng f c= rng (g + f)
proof end;

theorem Th37: :: JORDAN:37
for T being non empty TopSpace
for a, b, c being Point of T
for f being Path of a,b
for g being Path of b,c st a,b are_connected & b,c are_connected holds
rng (f + g) = (rng f) \/ (rng g)
proof end;

theorem :: JORDAN:38
for T being non empty pathwise_connected TopSpace
for a, b, c being Point of T
for f being Path of a,b
for g being Path of b,c holds rng (f + g) = (rng f) \/ (rng g)
proof end;

theorem Th39: :: JORDAN:39
for T being non empty TopSpace
for a, b, c, d being Point of T
for f being Path of a,b
for g being Path of b,c
for h being Path of c,d st a,b are_connected & b,c are_connected & c,d are_connected holds
rng ((f + g) + h) = ((rng f) \/ (rng g)) \/ (rng h)
proof end;

theorem Th40: :: JORDAN:40
for T being non empty pathwise_connected TopSpace
for a, b, c, d being Point of T
for f being Path of a,b
for g being Path of b,c
for h being Path of c,d holds rng ((f + g) + h) = ((rng f) \/ (rng g)) \/ (rng h)
proof end;

Lm8: for T being non empty TopSpace
for a, b, c, d, e being Point of T
for f being Path of a,b
for g being Path of b,c
for h being Path of c,d
for i being Path of d,e st a,b are_connected & b,c are_connected & c,d are_connected & d,e are_connected holds
rng (((f + g) + h) + i) = (((rng f) \/ (rng g)) \/ (rng h)) \/ (rng i)
proof end;

Lm9: for T being non empty pathwise_connected TopSpace
for a, b, c, d, e being Point of T
for f being Path of a,b
for g being Path of b,c
for h being Path of c,d
for i being Path of d,e holds rng (((f + g) + h) + i) = (((rng f) \/ (rng g)) \/ (rng h)) \/ (rng i)
proof end;

Lm10: for T being non empty TopSpace
for a, b, c, d, e, z being Point of T
for f being Path of a,b
for g being Path of b,c
for h being Path of c,d
for i being Path of d,e
for j being Path of e,z st a,b are_connected & b,c are_connected & c,d are_connected & d,e are_connected & e,z are_connected holds
rng ((((f + g) + h) + i) + j) = ((((rng f) \/ (rng g)) \/ (rng h)) \/ (rng i)) \/ (rng j)
proof end;

Lm11: for T being non empty pathwise_connected TopSpace
for a, b, c, d, e, z being Point of T
for f being Path of a,b
for g being Path of b,c
for h being Path of c,d
for i being Path of d,e
for j being Path of e,z holds rng ((((f + g) + h) + i) + j) = ((((rng f) \/ (rng g)) \/ (rng h)) \/ (rng i)) \/ (rng j)
proof end;

theorem Th41: :: JORDAN:41
for T being non empty TopSpace
for a being Point of T holds I[01] --> a is Path of a,a
proof end;

theorem Th42: :: JORDAN:42
for n being Element of NAT
for p1, p2 being Point of (TOP-REAL n)
for P being Subset of (TOP-REAL n) st P is_an_arc_of p1,p2 holds
ex F being Path of p1,p2 ex f being Function of I[01],((TOP-REAL n) | P) st
( rng f = P & F = f )
proof end;

theorem Th43: :: JORDAN:43
for n being Element of NAT
for p1, p2 being Point of (TOP-REAL n) ex F being Path of p1,p2 ex f being Function of I[01],((TOP-REAL n) | (LSeg (p1,p2))) st
( rng f = LSeg (p1,p2) & F = f )
proof end;

theorem Th44: :: JORDAN:44
for P being Subset of (TOP-REAL 2)
for p1, p2, q1, q2 being Point of (TOP-REAL 2) st P is_an_arc_of p1,p2 & q1 in P & q2 in P & q1 <> p1 & q1 <> p2 & q2 <> p1 & q2 <> p2 holds
ex f being Path of q1,q2 st
( rng f c= P & rng f misses {p1,p2} )
proof end;

begin

theorem Th45: :: JORDAN:45
for a, b, c, d being real number st a <= b & c <= d holds
rectangle (a,b,c,d) c= closed_inside_of_rectangle (a,b,c,d)
proof end;

theorem Th46: :: JORDAN:46
for a, b, c, d being real number holds inside_of_rectangle (a,b,c,d) c= closed_inside_of_rectangle (a,b,c,d)
proof end;

theorem Th47: :: JORDAN:47
for a, b, c, d being real number holds closed_inside_of_rectangle (a,b,c,d) = (outside_of_rectangle (a,b,c,d)) `
proof end;

registration
let a, b, c, d be real number ;
cluster closed_inside_of_rectangle (a,b,c,d) -> closed ;
coherence
closed_inside_of_rectangle (a,b,c,d) is closed
proof end;
end;

theorem Th48: :: JORDAN:48
for a, b, c, d being real number holds closed_inside_of_rectangle (a,b,c,d) misses outside_of_rectangle (a,b,c,d)
proof end;

theorem Th49: :: JORDAN:49
for a, b, c, d being real number holds (closed_inside_of_rectangle (a,b,c,d)) /\ (inside_of_rectangle (a,b,c,d)) = inside_of_rectangle (a,b,c,d)
proof end;

theorem Th50: :: JORDAN:50
for a, b, c, d being real number st a < b & c < d holds
Int (closed_inside_of_rectangle (a,b,c,d)) = inside_of_rectangle (a,b,c,d)
proof end;

theorem Th51: :: JORDAN:51
for a, b, c, d being real number st a <= b & c <= d holds
(closed_inside_of_rectangle (a,b,c,d)) \ (inside_of_rectangle (a,b,c,d)) = rectangle (a,b,c,d)
proof end;

theorem Th52: :: JORDAN:52
for a, b, c, d being real number st a < b & c < d holds
Fr (closed_inside_of_rectangle (a,b,c,d)) = rectangle (a,b,c,d)
proof end;

theorem :: JORDAN:53
for a, b, c, d being real number st a <= b & c <= d holds
W-bound (closed_inside_of_rectangle (a,b,c,d)) = a
proof end;

theorem :: JORDAN:54
for a, b, c, d being real number st a <= b & c <= d holds
S-bound (closed_inside_of_rectangle (a,b,c,d)) = c
proof end;

theorem :: JORDAN:55
for a, b, c, d being real number st a <= b & c <= d holds
E-bound (closed_inside_of_rectangle (a,b,c,d)) = b
proof end;

theorem :: JORDAN:56
for a, b, c, d being real number st a <= b & c <= d holds
N-bound (closed_inside_of_rectangle (a,b,c,d)) = d
proof end;

theorem Th57: :: JORDAN:57
for a, b, c, d being real number
for p1, p2 being Point of (TOP-REAL 2)
for P being Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st a < b & c < d & p1 in closed_inside_of_rectangle (a,b,c,d) & not p2 in closed_inside_of_rectangle (a,b,c,d) & P is_an_arc_of p1,p2 holds
Segment (P,p1,p2,p1,(First_Point (P,p1,p2,(rectangle (a,b,c,d))))) c= closed_inside_of_rectangle (a,b,c,d)
proof end;

begin

definition
let S, T be non empty TopSpace;
let x be Point of [:S,T:];
:: original: `1
redefine func x `1 -> Element of S;
coherence
x `1 is Element of S
proof end;
:: original: `2
redefine func x `2 -> Element of T;
coherence
x `2 is Element of T
proof end;
end;

definition
let o be Point of (TOP-REAL 2);
func diffX2_1 o -> RealMap of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] means :Def1: :: JORDAN:def 1
 for x being Point of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] holds it . x = ((x `2) `1) - (o `1);
existence
ex b1 being RealMap of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] st
for x being Point of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] holds b1 . x = ((x `2) `1) - (o `1)
proof end;
uniqueness
for b1, b2 being RealMap of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] st ( for x being Point of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] holds b1 . x = ((x `2) `1) - (o `1) ) & ( for x being Point of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] holds b2 . x = ((x `2) `1) - (o `1) ) holds
b1 = b2
proof end;
func diffX2_2 o -> RealMap of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] means :Def2: :: JORDAN:def 2
 for x being Point of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] holds it . x = ((x `2) `2) - (o `2);
existence
ex b1 being RealMap of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] st
for x being Point of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] holds b1 . x = ((x `2) `2) - (o `2)
proof end;
uniqueness
for b1, b2 being RealMap of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] st ( for x being Point of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] holds b1 . x = ((x `2) `2) - (o `2) ) & ( for x being Point of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] holds b2 . x = ((x `2) `2) - (o `2) ) holds
b1 = b2
proof end;
end;

:: deftheorem Def1 defines diffX2_1 JORDAN:def 1 :
for o being Point of (TOP-REAL 2)
for b2 being RealMap of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] holds
( b2 = diffX2_1 o iff for x being Point of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] holds b2 . x = ((x `2) `1) - (o `1) );

:: deftheorem Def2 defines diffX2_2 JORDAN:def 2 :
for o being Point of (TOP-REAL 2)
for b2 being RealMap of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] holds
( b2 = diffX2_2 o iff for x being Point of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] holds b2 . x = ((x `2) `2) - (o `2) );

definition
func diffX1_X2_1 -> RealMap of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] means :Def3: :: JORDAN:def 3
 for x being Point of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] holds it . x = ((x `1) `1) - ((x `2) `1);
existence
ex b1 being RealMap of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] st
for x being Point of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] holds b1 . x = ((x `1) `1) - ((x `2) `1)
proof end;
uniqueness
for b1, b2 being RealMap of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] st ( for x being Point of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] holds b1 . x = ((x `1) `1) - ((x `2) `1) ) & ( for x being Point of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] holds b2 . x = ((x `1) `1) - ((x `2) `1) ) holds
b1 = b2
proof end;
func diffX1_X2_2 -> RealMap of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] means :Def4: :: JORDAN:def 4
 for x being Point of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] holds it . x = ((x `1) `2) - ((x `2) `2);
existence
ex b1 being RealMap of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] st
for x being Point of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] holds b1 . x = ((x `1) `2) - ((x `2) `2)
proof end;
uniqueness
for b1, b2 being RealMap of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] st ( for x being Point of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] holds b1 . x = ((x `1) `2) - ((x `2) `2) ) & ( for x being Point of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] holds b2 . x = ((x `1) `2) - ((x `2) `2) ) holds
b1 = b2
proof end;
func Proj2_1 -> RealMap of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] means :Def5: :: JORDAN:def 5
 for x being Point of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] holds it . x = (x `2) `1 ;
existence
ex b1 being RealMap of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] st
for x being Point of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] holds b1 . x = (x `2) `1
proof end;
uniqueness
for b1, b2 being RealMap of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] st ( for x being Point of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] holds b1 . x = (x `2) `1 ) & ( for x being Point of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] holds b2 . x = (x `2) `1 ) holds
b1 = b2
proof end;
func Proj2_2 -> RealMap of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] means :Def6: :: JORDAN:def 6
 for x being Point of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] holds it . x = (x `2) `2 ;
existence
ex b1 being RealMap of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] st
for x being Point of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] holds b1 . x = (x `2) `2
proof end;
uniqueness
for b1, b2 being RealMap of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] st ( for x being Point of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] holds b1 . x = (x `2) `2 ) & ( for x being Point of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] holds b2 . x = (x `2) `2 ) holds
b1 = b2
proof end;
end;

:: deftheorem Def3 defines diffX1_X2_1 JORDAN:def 3 :
for b1 being RealMap of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] holds
( b1 = diffX1_X2_1 iff for x being Point of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] holds b1 . x = ((x `1) `1) - ((x `2) `1) );

:: deftheorem Def4 defines diffX1_X2_2 JORDAN:def 4 :
for b1 being RealMap of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] holds
( b1 = diffX1_X2_2 iff for x being Point of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] holds b1 . x = ((x `1) `2) - ((x `2) `2) );

:: deftheorem Def5 defines Proj2_1 JORDAN:def 5 :
for b1 being RealMap of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] holds
( b1 = Proj2_1 iff for x being Point of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] holds b1 . x = (x `2) `1 );

:: deftheorem Def6 defines Proj2_2 JORDAN:def 6 :
for b1 being RealMap of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] holds
( b1 = Proj2_2 iff for x being Point of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):] holds b1 . x = (x `2) `2 );

theorem Th58: :: JORDAN:58
for o being Point of (TOP-REAL 2) holds diffX2_1 o is continuous Function of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):],R^1
proof end;

theorem Th59: :: JORDAN:59
for o being Point of (TOP-REAL 2) holds diffX2_2 o is continuous Function of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):],R^1
proof end;

theorem Th60: :: JORDAN:60
diffX1_X2_1 is continuous Function of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):],R^1
proof end;

theorem Th61: :: JORDAN:61
diffX1_X2_2 is continuous Function of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):],R^1
proof end;

theorem Th62: :: JORDAN:62
Proj2_1 is continuous Function of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):],R^1
proof end;

theorem Th63: :: JORDAN:63
Proj2_2 is continuous Function of [:(TOP-REAL 2),(TOP-REAL 2):],R^1
proof end;

registration
let o be Point of (TOP-REAL 2);
cluster diffX2_1 o -> continuous ;
coherence
diffX2_1 o is continuous
proof end;
cluster diffX2_2 o -> continuous ;
coherence
diffX2_2 o is continuous
proof end;
end;

registration
cluster diffX1_X2_1 -> continuous ;
coherence
diffX1_X2_1 is continuous by Th60, TOPREAL6:83;
cluster diffX1_X2_2 -> continuous ;
coherence
diffX1_X2_2 is continuous by Th61, TOPREAL6:83;
cluster Proj2_1 -> continuous ;
coherence
Proj2_1 is continuous by Th62, TOPREAL6:83;
cluster Proj2_2 -> continuous ;
coherence
Proj2_2 is continuous by Th63, TOPREAL6:83;
end;

definition
let n be non empty Element of NAT ;
let o, p be Point of (TOP-REAL n);
let r be positive real number ;
assume A1: p is Point of (Tdisk (o,r)) ;
set X = (TOP-REAL n) | ((cl_Ball (o,r)) \ {p});
func DiskProj (o,r,p) -> Function of ((TOP-REAL n) | ((cl_Ball (o,r)) \ {p})),(Tcircle (o,r)) means :Def7: :: JORDAN:def 7
 for x being Point of ((TOP-REAL n) | ((cl_Ball (o,r)) \ {p})) ex y being Point of (TOP-REAL n) st
( x = y & it . x = HC (p,y,o,r) );
existence
ex b1 being Function of ((TOP-REAL n) | ((cl_Ball (o,r)) \ {p})),(Tcircle (o,r)) st
for x being Point of ((TOP-REAL n) | ((cl_Ball (o,r)) \ {p})) ex y being Point of (TOP-REAL n) st
( x = y & b1 . x = HC (p,y,o,r) )
proof end;
uniqueness
for b1, b2 being Function of ((TOP-REAL n) | ((cl_Ball (o,r)) \ {p})),(Tcircle (o,r)) st ( for x being Point of ((TOP-REAL n) | ((cl_Ball (o,r)) \ {p})) ex y being Point of (TOP-REAL n) st
( x = y & b1 . x = HC (p,y,o,r) ) ) & ( for x being Point of ((TOP-REAL n) | ((cl_Ball (o,r)) \ {p})) ex y being Point of (TOP-REAL n) st
( x = y & b2 . x = HC (p,y,o,r) ) ) holds
b1 = b2
proof end;
end;

:: deftheorem Def7 defines DiskProj JORDAN:def 7 :
for n being non empty Element of NAT
for o, p being Point of (TOP-REAL n)
for r being positive real number st p is Point of (Tdisk (o,r)) holds
for b5 being Function of ((TOP-REAL n) | ((cl_Ball (o,r)) \ {p})),(Tcircle (o,r)) holds
( b5 = DiskProj (o,r,p) iff for x being Point of ((TOP-REAL n) | ((cl_Ball (o,r)) \ {p})) ex y being Point of (TOP-REAL n) st
( x = y & b5 . x = HC (p,y,o,r) ) );

theorem Th64: :: JORDAN:64
for o, p being Point of (TOP-REAL 2)
for r being positive real number st p is Point of (Tdisk (o,r)) holds
DiskProj (o,r,p) is continuous
proof end;

theorem Th65: :: JORDAN:65
for n being non empty Element of NAT
for o, p being Point of (TOP-REAL n)
for r being positive real number st p in Ball (o,r) holds
(DiskProj (o,r,p)) | (Sphere (o,r)) = id (Sphere (o,r))
proof end;

definition
let n be non empty Element of NAT ;
let o, p be Point of (TOP-REAL n);
let r be positive real number ;
assume A1: p in Ball (o,r) ;
set X = Tcircle (o,r);
func RotateCircle (o,r,p) -> Function of (Tcircle (o,r)),(Tcircle (o,r)) means :Def8: :: JORDAN:def 8
 for x being Point of (Tcircle (o,r)) ex y being Point of (TOP-REAL n) st
( x = y & it . x = HC (y,p,o,r) );
existence
ex b1 being Function of (Tcircle (o,r)),(Tcircle (o,r)) st
for x being Point of (Tcircle (o,r)) ex y being Point of (TOP-REAL n) st
( x = y & b1 . x = HC (y,p,o,r) )
proof end;
uniqueness
for b1, b2 being Function of (Tcircle (o,r)),(Tcircle (o,r)) st ( for x being Point of (Tcircle (o,r)) ex y being Point of (TOP-REAL n) st
( x = y & b1 . x = HC (y,p,o,r) ) ) & ( for x being Point of (Tcircle (o,r)) ex y being Point of (TOP-REAL n) st
( x = y & b2 . x = HC (y,p,o,r) ) ) holds
b1 = b2
proof end;
end;

:: deftheorem Def8 defines RotateCircle JORDAN:def 8 :
for n being non empty Element of NAT
for o, p being Point of (TOP-REAL n)
for r being positive real number st p in Ball (o,r) holds
for b5 being Function of (Tcircle (o,r)),(Tcircle (o,r)) holds
( b5 = RotateCircle (o,r,p) iff for x being Point of (Tcircle (o,r)) ex y being Point of (TOP-REAL n) st
( x = y & b5 . x = HC (y,p,o,r) ) );

theorem Th66: :: JORDAN:66
for o, p being Point of (TOP-REAL 2)
for r being positive real number st p in Ball (o,r) holds
RotateCircle (o,r,p) is continuous
proof end;

theorem Th67: :: JORDAN:67
for n being non empty Element of NAT
for o, p being Point of (TOP-REAL n)
for r being positive real number st p in Ball (o,r) holds
RotateCircle (o,r,p) has_no_fixpoint
proof end;

begin

theorem Th68: :: JORDAN:68
for C being Simple_closed_curve
for P being Subset of (TOP-REAL 2)
for U, V being Subset of ((TOP-REAL 2) | (C `)) st U = P & U is a_component & V is a_component & U <> V holds
Cl P misses V
proof end;

theorem Th69: :: JORDAN:69
for C being Simple_closed_curve
for U being Subset of ((TOP-REAL 2) | (C `)) st U is a_component holds
((TOP-REAL 2) | (C `)) | U is pathwise_connected
proof end;

Lm12: for p1, p2, p being Point of (TOP-REAL 2)
for A being Subset of (TOP-REAL 2)
for r being non negative real number st A is_an_arc_of p1,p2 & A is Subset of (Tdisk (p,r)) holds
ex f being Function of (Tdisk (p,r)),((TOP-REAL 2) | A) st
( f is continuous & f | A = id A )
proof end;

Lm13: for p1, p2, p being Point of (TOP-REAL 2)
for C being Simple_closed_curve
for A, P, B being Subset of (TOP-REAL 2)
for U being Subset of ((TOP-REAL 2) | (C `))
for r being positive real number st A is_an_arc_of p1,p2 & A c= C & C c= Ball (p,r) & p in U & (Cl P) /\ (P `) c= A & P c= Ball (p,r) holds
for f being Function of (Tdisk (p,r)),((TOP-REAL 2) | A) st f is continuous & f | A = id A & U = P & U is a_component & B = (cl_Ball (p,r)) \ {p} holds
ex g being Function of (Tdisk (p,r)),((TOP-REAL 2) | B) st
( g is continuous & ( for x being Point of (Tdisk (p,r)) holds
( ( x in Cl P implies g . x = f . x ) & ( x in P ` implies g . x = x ) ) ) )
proof end;

Lm14: for p being Point of (TOP-REAL 2)
for C being Simple_closed_curve
for P, B being Subset of (TOP-REAL 2)
for U, V being Subset of ((TOP-REAL 2) | (C `))
for A being non empty Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st U <> V holds
for r being positive real number st A c= C & C c= Ball (p,r) & p in V & (Cl P) /\ (P `) c= A & Ball (p,r) meets P holds
for f being Function of (Tdisk (p,r)),((TOP-REAL 2) | A) st f is continuous & f | A = id A & U = P & U is a_component & V is a_component & B = (cl_Ball (p,r)) \ {p} holds
ex g being Function of (Tdisk (p,r)),((TOP-REAL 2) | B) st
( g is continuous & ( for x being Point of (Tdisk (p,r)) holds
( ( x in Cl P implies g . x = x ) & ( x in P ` implies g . x = f . x ) ) ) )
proof end;

Lm15: for C being Simple_closed_curve
for P being Subset of (TOP-REAL 2)
for U being Subset of ((TOP-REAL 2) | (C `)) st not BDD C is empty & U = P & U is a_component holds
C = Fr P
proof end;

set rp = 1;

set rl = - 1;

set rg = 3;

set rd = - 3;

set a = |[(- 1),0]|;

set b = |[1,0]|;

set c = |[0,3]|;

set d = |[0,(- 3)]|;

set lg = |[(- 1),3]|;

set pg = |[1,3]|;

set ld = |[(- 1),(- 3)]|;

set pd = |[1,(- 3)]|;

set R = closed_inside_of_rectangle ((- 1),1,(- 3),3);

set dR = rectangle ((- 1),1,(- 3),3);

set TR = Trectangle ((- 1),1,(- 3),3);

Lm16: |[(- 1),0]| `1 = - 1
by EUCLID:56;

Lm17: |[1,0]| `1 = 1
by EUCLID:56;

Lm18: |[(- 1),0]| `2 = 0
by EUCLID:56;

Lm19: |[1,0]| `2 = 0
by EUCLID:56;

Lm20: |[0,3]| `1 = 0
by EUCLID:56;

Lm21: |[0,3]| `2 = 3
by EUCLID:56;

Lm22: |[0,(- 3)]| `1 = 0
by EUCLID:56;

Lm23: |[0,(- 3)]| `2 = - 3
by EUCLID:56;

Lm24: |[(- 1),3]| `1 = - 1
by EUCLID:56;

Lm25: |[(- 1),3]| `2 = 3
by EUCLID:56;

Lm26: |[(- 1),(- 3)]| `1 = - 1
by EUCLID:56;

Lm27: |[(- 1),(- 3)]| `2 = - 3
by EUCLID:56;

Lm28: |[1,3]| `1 = 1
by EUCLID:56;

Lm29: |[1,3]| `2 = 3
by EUCLID:56;

Lm30: |[1,(- 3)]| `1 = 1
by EUCLID:56;

Lm31: |[1,(- 3)]| `2 = - 3
by EUCLID:56;

Lm32: |[(- 1),(- 3)]| = |[(|[(- 1),(- 3)]| `1),(|[(- 1),(- 3)]| `2)]|
by EUCLID:57;

Lm33: |[(- 1),3]| = |[(|[(- 1),3]| `1),(|[(- 1),3]| `2)]|
by EUCLID:57;

Lm34: |[1,(- 3)]| = |[(|[1,(- 3)]| `1),(|[1,(- 3)]| `2)]|
by EUCLID:57;

Lm35: |[1,3]| = |[(|[1,3]| `1),(|[1,3]| `2)]|
by EUCLID:57;

Lm36: rectangle ((- 1),1,(- 3),3) = ((LSeg (|[(- 1),(- 3)]|,|[(- 1),3]|)) \/ (LSeg (|[(- 1),3]|,|[1,3]|))) \/ ((LSeg (|[1,3]|,|[1,(- 3)]|)) \/ (LSeg (|[1,(- 3)]|,|[(- 1),(- 3)]|)))
by SPPOL_2:def 3;

Lm37: LSeg (|[(- 1),(- 3)]|,|[(- 1),3]|) c= (LSeg (|[(- 1),(- 3)]|,|[(- 1),3]|)) \/ (LSeg (|[(- 1),3]|,|[1,3]|))
by XBOOLE_1:7;

(LSeg (|[(- 1),(- 3)]|,|[(- 1),3]|)) \/ (LSeg (|[(- 1),3]|,|[1,3]|)) c= rectangle ((- 1),1,(- 3),3)
by Lm36, XBOOLE_1:7;

then Lm38: LSeg (|[(- 1),(- 3)]|,|[(- 1),3]|) c= rectangle ((- 1),1,(- 3),3)
by Lm37, XBOOLE_1:1;

Lm39: LSeg (|[(- 1),3]|,|[1,3]|) c= (LSeg (|[(- 1),(- 3)]|,|[(- 1),3]|)) \/ (LSeg (|[(- 1),3]|,|[1,3]|))
by XBOOLE_1:7;

(LSeg (|[(- 1),(- 3)]|,|[(- 1),3]|)) \/ (LSeg (|[(- 1),3]|,|[1,3]|)) c= rectangle ((- 1),1,(- 3),3)
by Lm36, XBOOLE_1:7;

then Lm40: LSeg (|[(- 1),3]|,|[1,3]|) c= rectangle ((- 1),1,(- 3),3)
by Lm39, XBOOLE_1:1;

Lm41: LSeg (|[1,3]|,|[1,(- 3)]|) c= (LSeg (|[1,3]|,|[1,(- 3)]|)) \/ (LSeg (|[1,(- 3)]|,|[(- 1),(- 3)]|))
by XBOOLE_1:7;

(LSeg (|[1,3]|,|[1,(- 3)]|)) \/ (LSeg (|[1,(- 3)]|,|[(- 1),(- 3)]|)) c= rectangle ((- 1),1,(- 3),3)
by Lm36, XBOOLE_1:7;

then Lm42: LSeg (|[1,3]|,|[1,(- 3)]|) c= rectangle ((- 1),1,(- 3),3)
by Lm41, XBOOLE_1:1;

Lm43: LSeg (|[1,(- 3)]|,|[(- 1),(- 3)]|) c= (LSeg (|[1,3]|,|[1,(- 3)]|)) \/ (LSeg (|[1,(- 3)]|,|[(- 1),(- 3)]|))
by XBOOLE_1:7;

(LSeg (|[1,3]|,|[1,(- 3)]|)) \/ (LSeg (|[1,(- 3)]|,|[(- 1),(- 3)]|)) c= rectangle ((- 1),1,(- 3),3)
by Lm36, XBOOLE_1:7;

then Lm44: LSeg (|[1,(- 3)]|,|[(- 1),(- 3)]|) c= rectangle ((- 1),1,(- 3),3)
by Lm43, XBOOLE_1:1;

Lm45: LSeg (|[(- 1),(- 3)]|,|[(- 1),3]|) is vertical
by Lm24, Lm26, SPPOL_1:37;

Lm46: LSeg (|[1,(- 3)]|,|[1,3]|) is vertical
by Lm28, Lm30, SPPOL_1:37;

Lm47: LSeg (|[(- 1),0]|,|[(- 1),3]|) is vertical
by Lm16, Lm24, SPPOL_1:37;

Lm48: LSeg (|[(- 1),0]|,|[(- 1),(- 3)]|) is vertical
by Lm16, Lm26, SPPOL_1:37;

Lm49: LSeg (|[1,0]|,|[1,3]|) is vertical
by Lm17, Lm28, SPPOL_1:37;

Lm50: LSeg (|[1,0]|,|[1,(- 3)]|) is vertical
by Lm17, Lm30, SPPOL_1:37;

Lm51: LSeg (|[(- 1),(- 3)]|,|[0,(- 3)]|) is horizontal
by Lm23, Lm27, SPPOL_1:36;

Lm52: LSeg (|[1,(- 3)]|,|[0,(- 3)]|) is horizontal
by Lm23, Lm31, SPPOL_1:36;

Lm53: LSeg (|[(- 1),3]|,|[0,3]|) is horizontal
by Lm21, Lm25, SPPOL_1:36;

Lm54: LSeg (|[1,3]|,|[0,3]|) is horizontal
by Lm21, Lm29, SPPOL_1:36;

Lm55: LSeg (|[(- 1),3]|,|[1,3]|) is horizontal
by Lm25, Lm29, SPPOL_1:36;

Lm56: LSeg (|[(- 1),(- 3)]|,|[1,(- 3)]|) is horizontal
by Lm27, Lm31, SPPOL_1:36;

Lm57: LSeg (|[(- 1),0]|,|[(- 1),3]|) c= LSeg (|[(- 1),(- 3)]|,|[(- 1),3]|)
by Lm16, Lm18, Lm25, Lm26, Lm27, Lm45, Lm47, GOBOARD7:65;

Lm58: LSeg (|[(- 1),0]|,|[(- 1),(- 3)]|) c= LSeg (|[(- 1),(- 3)]|,|[(- 1),3]|)
by Lm18, Lm25, Lm26, Lm27, Lm45, Lm48, GOBOARD7:65;

Lm59: LSeg (|[1,0]|,|[1,3]|) c= LSeg (|[1,(- 3)]|,|[1,3]|)
by Lm17, Lm19, Lm29, Lm30, Lm31, Lm46, Lm49, GOBOARD7:65;

Lm60: LSeg (|[1,0]|,|[1,(- 3)]|) c= LSeg (|[1,(- 3)]|,|[1,3]|)
by Lm19, Lm29, Lm30, Lm31, Lm46, Lm50, GOBOARD7:65;

Lm61: rectangle ((- 1),1,(- 3),3) = { p where p is Point of (TOP-REAL 2) : ( ( p `1 = - 1 & p `2 <= 3 & p `2 >= - 3 ) or ( p `1 <= 1 & p `1 >= - 1 & p `2 = 3 ) or ( p `1 <= 1 & p `1 >= - 1 & p `2 = - 3 ) or ( p `1 = 1 & p `2 <= 3 & p `2 >= - 3 ) ) }
by SPPOL_2:58;

then Lm62: |[0,3]| in rectangle ((- 1),1,(- 3),3)
by Lm20, Lm21;

Lm63: |[0,(- 3)]| in rectangle ((- 1),1,(- 3),3)
by Lm22, Lm23, Lm61;

Lm64: (2 + 1) ^2 = (4 + 4) + 1
;

then Lm65: sqrt 9 = 3
by SQUARE_1:def 4;

Lm66: dist (|[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]|) = sqrt ((((|[(- 1),0]| `1) - (|[1,0]| `1)) ^2) + (((|[(- 1),0]| `2) - (|[1,0]| `2)) ^2)) by TOPREAL6:101
.= - (- 2) by Lm16, Lm17, Lm18, Lm19, SQUARE_1:90 ;

theorem Th70: :: JORDAN:70
for C being Simple_closed_curve
for h being Homeomorphism of TOP-REAL 2 holds h .: C is being_simple_closed_curve
proof end;

theorem Th71: :: JORDAN:71
for P being Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| realize-max-dist-in P holds
P c= closed_inside_of_rectangle ((- 1),1,(- 3),3)
proof end;

Lm67: rectangle ((- 1),1,(- 3),3) c= closed_inside_of_rectangle ((- 1),1,(- 3),3)
by Th45;

Lm68: |[(- 1),3]| `2 = |[(- 1),3]| `2
;

Lm69: |[(- 1),3]| `1 <= |[0,3]| `1
by Lm24, EUCLID:56;

|[0,3]| `1 <= |[1,3]| `1
by Lm28, EUCLID:56;

then LSeg (|[(- 1),3]|,|[0,3]|) c= LSeg (|[(- 1),3]|,|[1,3]|)
by Lm53, Lm55, Lm68, Lm69, GOBOARD7:66;

then Lm70: LSeg (|[(- 1),3]|,|[0,3]|) c= rectangle ((- 1),1,(- 3),3)
by Lm40, XBOOLE_1:1;

LSeg (|[1,3]|,|[0,3]|) c= LSeg (|[(- 1),3]|,|[1,3]|)
by Lm20, Lm21, Lm24, Lm25, Lm28, Lm54, Lm55, GOBOARD7:66;

then Lm71: LSeg (|[1,3]|,|[0,3]|) c= rectangle ((- 1),1,(- 3),3)
by Lm40, XBOOLE_1:1;

Lm72: |[(- 1),(- 3)]| `2 = |[(- 1),(- 3)]| `2
;

Lm73: |[(- 1),(- 3)]| `1 <= |[0,(- 3)]| `1
by Lm26, EUCLID:56;

|[0,(- 3)]| `1 <= |[1,(- 3)]| `1
by Lm30, EUCLID:56;

then LSeg (|[(- 1),(- 3)]|,|[0,(- 3)]|) c= LSeg (|[(- 1),(- 3)]|,|[1,(- 3)]|)
by Lm51, Lm56, Lm72, Lm73, GOBOARD7:66;

then Lm74: LSeg (|[(- 1),(- 3)]|,|[0,(- 3)]|) c= rectangle ((- 1),1,(- 3),3)
by Lm44, XBOOLE_1:1;

LSeg (|[1,(- 3)]|,|[0,(- 3)]|) c= LSeg (|[(- 1),(- 3)]|,|[1,(- 3)]|)
by Lm22, Lm23, Lm26, Lm27, Lm30, Lm52, Lm56, GOBOARD7:66;

then Lm75: LSeg (|[1,(- 3)]|,|[0,(- 3)]|) c= rectangle ((- 1),1,(- 3),3)
by Lm44, XBOOLE_1:1;

Lm76: for p being Point of (TOP-REAL 2) st 0 <= p `2 & p in rectangle ((- 1),1,(- 3),3) & not p in LSeg (|[(- 1),0]|,|[(- 1),3]|) & not p in LSeg (|[(- 1),3]|,|[0,3]|) & not p in LSeg (|[0,3]|,|[1,3]|) holds
p in LSeg (|[1,3]|,|[1,0]|)
proof end;

Lm77: for p being Point of (TOP-REAL 2) st p `2 <= 0 & p in rectangle ((- 1),1,(- 3),3) & not p in LSeg (|[(- 1),0]|,|[(- 1),(- 3)]|) & not p in LSeg (|[(- 1),(- 3)]|,|[0,(- 3)]|) & not p in LSeg (|[0,(- 3)]|,|[1,(- 3)]|) holds
p in LSeg (|[1,(- 3)]|,|[1,0]|)
proof end;

theorem Th72: :: JORDAN:72
for P being Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| realize-max-dist-in P holds
P misses LSeg (|[(- 1),3]|,|[1,3]|)
proof end;

theorem Th73: :: JORDAN:73
for P being Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| realize-max-dist-in P holds
P misses LSeg (|[(- 1),(- 3)]|,|[1,(- 3)]|)
proof end;

theorem Th74: :: JORDAN:74
for P being Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| realize-max-dist-in P holds
P /\ (rectangle ((- 1),1,(- 3),3)) = {|[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]|}
proof end;

Lm78: for C being Simple_closed_curve st |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| realize-max-dist-in C holds
LSeg (|[(- 1),3]|,|[0,3]|) misses C
proof end;

Lm79: for C being Simple_closed_curve st |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| realize-max-dist-in C holds
LSeg (|[1,3]|,|[0,3]|) misses C
proof end;

Lm80: for C being Simple_closed_curve st |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| realize-max-dist-in C holds
LSeg (|[(- 1),(- 3)]|,|[0,(- 3)]|) misses C
proof end;

Lm81: for C being Simple_closed_curve st |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| realize-max-dist-in C holds
LSeg (|[1,(- 3)]|,|[0,(- 3)]|) misses C
proof end;

Lm82: for p being Point of (TOP-REAL 2)
for C being Simple_closed_curve st |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| realize-max-dist-in C & p in C ` & p in LSeg (|[(- 1),0]|,|[(- 1),3]|) holds
LSeg (p,|[(- 1),3]|) misses C
proof end;

Lm83: for p being Point of (TOP-REAL 2)
for C being Simple_closed_curve st |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| realize-max-dist-in C & p in C ` & p in LSeg (|[1,0]|,|[1,3]|) holds
LSeg (p,|[1,3]|) misses C
proof end;

Lm84: for p being Point of (TOP-REAL 2)
for C being Simple_closed_curve st |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| realize-max-dist-in C & p in C ` & p in LSeg (|[(- 1),0]|,|[(- 1),(- 3)]|) holds
LSeg (p,|[(- 1),(- 3)]|) misses C
proof end;

Lm85: for p being Point of (TOP-REAL 2)
for C being Simple_closed_curve st |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| realize-max-dist-in C & p in C ` & p in LSeg (|[1,0]|,|[1,(- 3)]|) holds
LSeg (p,|[1,(- 3)]|) misses C
proof end;

Lm86: for r being real number holds
( not |[0,r]| in rectangle ((- 1),1,(- 3),3) or r = - 3 or r = 3 )
proof end;

theorem Th75: :: JORDAN:75
for P being Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| realize-max-dist-in P holds
W-bound P = - 1
proof end;

theorem Th76: :: JORDAN:76
for P being Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| realize-max-dist-in P holds
E-bound P = 1
proof end;

theorem Th77: :: JORDAN:77
for P being compact Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| realize-max-dist-in P holds
W-most P = {|[(- 1),0]|}
proof end;

theorem Th78: :: JORDAN:78
for P being compact Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| realize-max-dist-in P holds
E-most P = {|[1,0]|}
proof end;

theorem Th79: :: JORDAN:79
for P being compact Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| realize-max-dist-in P holds
( W-min P = |[(- 1),0]| & W-max P = |[(- 1),0]| )
proof end;

theorem Th80: :: JORDAN:80
for P being compact Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| realize-max-dist-in P holds
( E-min P = |[1,0]| & E-max P = |[1,0]| )
proof end;

Lm87: for P being Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| realize-max-dist-in P holds
|[0,3]| `1 = ((W-bound P) + (E-bound P)) / 2
proof end;

Lm88: for P being Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| realize-max-dist-in P holds
|[0,(- 3)]| `1 = ((W-bound P) + (E-bound P)) / 2
proof end;

theorem Th81: :: JORDAN:81
for P being Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| realize-max-dist-in P holds
LSeg (|[0,3]|,(UMP P)) is vertical
proof end;

theorem Th82: :: JORDAN:82
for P being Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| realize-max-dist-in P holds
LSeg ((LMP P),|[0,(- 3)]|) is vertical
proof end;

theorem Th83: :: JORDAN:83
for p being Point of (TOP-REAL 2)
for P being Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| realize-max-dist-in P & p in P holds
p `2 < 3
proof end;

theorem Th84: :: JORDAN:84
for p being Point of (TOP-REAL 2)
for P being Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| realize-max-dist-in P & p in P holds
- 3 < p `2
proof end;

theorem Th85: :: JORDAN:85
for p being Point of (TOP-REAL 2)
for D being compact with_the_max_arc Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| realize-max-dist-in D & p in LSeg (|[0,3]|,(UMP D)) holds
(UMP D) `2 <= p `2
proof end;

theorem Th86: :: JORDAN:86
for p being Point of (TOP-REAL 2)
for D being compact with_the_max_arc Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| realize-max-dist-in D & p in LSeg ((LMP D),|[0,(- 3)]|) holds
p `2 <= (LMP D) `2
proof end;

theorem Th87: :: JORDAN:87
for D being compact with_the_max_arc Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| realize-max-dist-in D holds
LSeg (|[0,3]|,(UMP D)) c= north_halfline (UMP D)
proof end;

theorem Th88: :: JORDAN:88
for D being compact with_the_max_arc Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| realize-max-dist-in D holds
LSeg ((LMP D),|[0,(- 3)]|) c= south_halfline (LMP D)
proof end;

theorem Th89: :: JORDAN:89
for C being Simple_closed_curve
for P being Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| realize-max-dist-in C & P is_inside_component_of C holds
LSeg (|[0,3]|,(UMP C)) misses P
proof end;

theorem Th90: :: JORDAN:90
for C being Simple_closed_curve
for P being Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| realize-max-dist-in C & P is_inside_component_of C holds
LSeg ((LMP C),|[0,(- 3)]|) misses P
proof end;

theorem Th91: :: JORDAN:91
for D being compact with_the_max_arc Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| realize-max-dist-in D holds
(LSeg (|[0,3]|,(UMP D))) /\ D = {(UMP D)}
proof end;

theorem :: JORDAN:92
for D being compact with_the_max_arc Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| realize-max-dist-in D holds
(LSeg (|[0,(- 3)]|,(LMP D))) /\ D = {(LMP D)}
proof end;

theorem Th93: :: JORDAN:93
for P, A being Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st P is compact & |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| realize-max-dist-in P & A is_inside_component_of P holds
A c= closed_inside_of_rectangle ((- 1),1,(- 3),3)
proof end;

Lm89: for p being Point of (TOP-REAL 2) st p in closed_inside_of_rectangle ((- 1),1,(- 3),3) holds
closed_inside_of_rectangle ((- 1),1,(- 3),3) c= Ball (p,10)
proof end;

theorem :: JORDAN:94
for C being Simple_closed_curve st |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| realize-max-dist-in C holds
LSeg (|[0,3]|,|[0,(- 3)]|) meets C
proof end;

Lm90: for C being Simple_closed_curve st |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| realize-max-dist-in C holds
ex Jc, Jd being compact with_the_max_arc Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st
( Jc is_an_arc_of |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| & Jd is_an_arc_of |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| & C = Jc \/ Jd & Jc /\ Jd = {|[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]|} & UMP C in Jc & LMP C in Jd & W-bound C = W-bound Jc & E-bound C = E-bound Jc )
proof end;

theorem Th95: :: JORDAN:95
for C being Simple_closed_curve st |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| realize-max-dist-in C holds
for Jc, Jd being compact with_the_max_arc Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st Jc is_an_arc_of |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| & Jd is_an_arc_of |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| & C = Jc \/ Jd & Jc /\ Jd = {|[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]|} & UMP C in Jc & LMP C in Jd & W-bound C = W-bound Jc & E-bound C = E-bound Jc holds
for Ux being Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st Ux = Component_of (Down (((1 / 2) * ((UMP ((LSeg ((LMP Jc),|[0,(- 3)]|)) /\ Jd)) + (LMP Jc))),(C `))) holds
( Ux is_inside_component_of C & ( for V being Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st V is_inside_component_of C holds
V = Ux ) )
proof end;

theorem Th96: :: JORDAN:96
for C being Simple_closed_curve st |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| realize-max-dist-in C holds
for Jc, Jd being compact with_the_max_arc Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st Jc is_an_arc_of |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| & Jd is_an_arc_of |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| & C = Jc \/ Jd & Jc /\ Jd = {|[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]|} & UMP C in Jc & LMP C in Jd & W-bound C = W-bound Jc & E-bound C = E-bound Jc holds
BDD C = Component_of (Down (((1 / 2) * ((UMP ((LSeg ((LMP Jc),|[0,(- 3)]|)) /\ Jd)) + (LMP Jc))),(C `)))
proof end;

Lm91: for C being Simple_closed_curve st |[(- 1),0]|,|[1,0]| realize-max-dist-in C holds
C is Jordan
proof end;

Lm92: for C being Simple_closed_curve holds C is Jordan
proof end;

registration
let C be Simple_closed_curve;
cluster BDD C -> non empty ;
coherence
not BDD C is empty
proof end;
end;

theorem :: JORDAN:97
for C being Simple_closed_curve
for P being Subset of (TOP-REAL 2)
for U being Subset of ((TOP-REAL 2) | (C `)) st U = P & U is a_component holds
C = Fr P
proof end;

theorem :: JORDAN:98
for C being Simple_closed_curve ex A1, A2 being Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st
( C ` = A1 \/ A2 & A1 misses A2 & (Cl A1) \ A1 = (Cl A2) \ A2 & ( for C1, C2 being Subset of ((TOP-REAL 2) | (C `)) st C1 = A1 & C2 = A2 holds
( C1 is a_component & C2 is a_component ) ) )
proof end;

theorem :: JORDAN:99
for C being Simple_closed_curve holds C is Jordan by Lm92;