let V be torsion-free Z_Module; :: thesis: for W being free finite-rank Subspace of V
for v being Vector of V st v <> 0. V & W /\ (Lin {v}) <> (0). V holds
W + (Lin {v}) is free

defpred S1[ Nat] means for W being free finite-rank Subspace of V
for v being Vector of V st v <> 0. V & W /\ (Lin {v}) <> (0). V & rank W = $1 + 1 holds
W + (Lin {v}) is free ;
A1: S1[ 0 ]
proof
let W be free finite-rank Subspace of V; :: thesis: for v being Vector of V st v <> 0. V & W /\ (Lin {v}) <> (0). V & rank W = 0 + 1 holds
W + (Lin {v}) is free

let v be Vector of V; :: thesis: ( v <> 0. V & W /\ (Lin {v}) <> (0). V & rank W = 0 + 1 implies W + (Lin {v}) is free )
assume that
B1: ( v <> 0. V & W /\ (Lin {v}) <> (0). V ) and
B2: rank W = 0 + 1 ; :: thesis: W + (Lin {v}) is free
ex x being Vector of V st
( x <> 0. V & W + (Lin {v}) = Lin {x} )
proof
consider w being Vector of W such that
C1: ( w <> 0. W & (Omega). W = Lin {w} ) by ZMODUL05:5, B2;
reconsider wv = w as Vector of V by ZMODUL01:25;
C2: (Omega). W = Lin {wv} by C1, ZMODUL03:20;
C3: (Omega). (Lin {v}) = Lin {v} ;
then C4: W + (Lin {v}) = (Lin {wv}) + (Lin {v}) by C2, ZMODUL04:22;
C5: (Lin {wv}) /\ (Lin {v}) <> (0). V by B1, C2, C3, ZMODUL04:23;
wv <> 0. V by C1, ZMODUL01:26;
hence ex x being Vector of V st
( x <> 0. V & W + (Lin {v}) = Lin {x} ) by B1, C4, C5, LmSumMod2; :: thesis: verum
end;
then consider x being Vector of V such that
B3: ( x <> 0. V & W + (Lin {v}) = Lin {x} ) ;
thus W + (Lin {v}) is free by B3; :: thesis: verum
end;
A2: for n being Nat st S1[n] holds
S1[n + 1]
proof
let n be Nat; :: thesis: ( S1[n] implies S1[n + 1] )
assume B1: S1[n] ; :: thesis: S1[n + 1]
let W be free finite-rank Subspace of V; :: thesis: for v being Vector of V st v <> 0. V & W /\ (Lin {v}) <> (0). V & rank W = (n + 1) + 1 holds
W + (Lin {v}) is free

let v be Vector of V; :: thesis: ( v <> 0. V & W /\ (Lin {v}) <> (0). V & rank W = (n + 1) + 1 implies W + (Lin {v}) is free )
assume B2: ( v <> 0. V & W /\ (Lin {v}) <> (0). V & rank W = (n + 1) + 1 ) ; :: thesis: W + (Lin {v}) is free
set I = the Basis of W;
B3: card the Basis of W = n + 2 by B2, ZMODUL03:def 5;
then the Basis of W <> {} the carrier of W ;
then consider w being object such that
B4: w in the Basis of W by XBOOLE_0:7;
reconsider w = w as Vector of W by B4;
B5: W is_the_direct_sum_of Lin ( the Basis of W \ {w}), Lin {w} by B4, ZMODUL04:33;
( the Basis of W c= the carrier of W & the carrier of W c= the carrier of V ) by VECTSP_4:def 2;
then the Basis of W c= the carrier of V ;
then reconsider IV = the Basis of W as finite Subset of V ;
reconsider wv = w as Vector of V by ZMODUL01:25;
B6: Lin ( the Basis of W \ {w}) = Lin (IV \ {wv}) by ZMODUL03:20;
B7: Lin {w} = Lin {wv} by ZMODUL03:20;
then reconsider WLinIw = Lin ( the Basis of W \ {w}), WLinw = Lin {w} as Subspace of (Lin (IV \ {wv})) + (Lin {wv}) by B6, ZMODUL01:97;
B8: (Lin (IV \ {wv})) /\ (Lin {wv}) = (0). V
proof
C1: for x being object st x in (Lin (IV \ {wv})) /\ (Lin {wv}) holds
x in (0). V
proof
let x be object ; :: thesis: ( x in (Lin (IV \ {wv})) /\ (Lin {wv}) implies x in (0). V )
assume D1: x in (Lin (IV \ {wv})) /\ (Lin {wv}) ; :: thesis: x in (0). V
D2: (Lin ( the Basis of W \ {w})) /\ (Lin {w}) = (0). V by ZMODUL01:51, B5;
( x in Lin ( the Basis of W \ {w}) & x in Lin {w} ) by B6, B7, D1, ZMODUL01:94;
hence x in (0). V by D2, ZMODUL01:94; :: thesis: verum
end;
for x being object st x in (0). V holds
x in (Lin (IV \ {wv})) /\ (Lin {wv})
proof
let x be object ; :: thesis: ( x in (0). V implies x in (Lin (IV \ {wv})) /\ (Lin {wv}) )
assume x in (0). V ; :: thesis: x in (Lin (IV \ {wv})) /\ (Lin {wv})
then x = 0. V by ZMODUL02:66;
hence x in (Lin (IV \ {wv})) /\ (Lin {wv}) by ZMODUL01:33; :: thesis: verum
end;
then for x being Vector of V holds
( x in (Lin (IV \ {wv})) /\ (Lin {wv}) iff x in (0). V ) by C1;
hence (Lin (IV \ {wv})) /\ (Lin {wv}) = (0). V by ZMODUL01:46; :: thesis: verum
end;
the Basis of W is linearly-independent by VECTSP_7:def 3;
then the Basis of W \ {w} is linearly-independent by XBOOLE_1:36, ZMODUL02:56;
then B9: IV \ {wv} is linearly-independent by ZMODUL03:15;
reconsider LinIw = Lin (IV \ {wv}) as free finite-rank Subspace of V by B9;
reconsider IVwv = IV \ {wv} as Subset of (Lin (IV \ {wv})) by ThLin4;
(Omega). (Lin (IV \ {wv})) = Lin IVwv by ZMODUL03:20;
then B11: IVwv is Basis of LinIw by VECTSP_7:def 3, B9, ZMODUL03:16;
B12: card ( the Basis of W \ {w}) = (card the Basis of W) - (card {w}) by B4, ZFMISC_1:31, CARD_2:44
.= (n + 2) - 1 by B3, CARD_1:30
.= n + 1 ;
B13: rank LinIw = n + 1 by B12, B11, ZMODUL03:def 5;
B15: (Lin (IV \ {wv})) + (Lin {v}) is free
proof
per cases ( (Lin (IV \ {wv})) /\ (Lin {v}) = (0). V or (Lin (IV \ {wv})) /\ (Lin {v}) <> (0). V ) ;
suppose (Lin (IV \ {wv})) /\ (Lin {v}) = (0). V ; :: thesis: (Lin (IV \ {wv})) + (Lin {v}) is free
hence (Lin (IV \ {wv})) + (Lin {v}) is free by B9, ZMODUL04:31; :: thesis: verum
end;
suppose (Lin (IV \ {wv})) /\ (Lin {v}) <> (0). V ; :: thesis: (Lin (IV \ {wv})) + (Lin {v}) is free
hence (Lin (IV \ {wv})) + (Lin {v}) is free by B1, B2, B13; :: thesis: verum
end;
end;
end;
B16: ((Lin (IV \ {wv})) + (Lin {v})) + (Lin {wv}) is free
proof
per cases ( ((Lin (IV \ {wv})) + (Lin {v})) /\ (Lin {wv}) = (0). V or ((Lin (IV \ {wv})) + (Lin {v})) /\ (Lin {wv}) <> (0). V ) ;
suppose ((Lin (IV \ {wv})) + (Lin {v})) /\ (Lin {wv}) = (0). V ; :: thesis: ((Lin (IV \ {wv})) + (Lin {v})) + (Lin {wv}) is free
hence ((Lin (IV \ {wv})) + (Lin {v})) + (Lin {wv}) is free by B15, ZMODUL04:31; :: thesis: verum
end;
suppose C1: ((Lin (IV \ {wv})) + (Lin {v})) /\ (Lin {wv}) <> (0). V ; :: thesis: ((Lin (IV \ {wv})) + (Lin {v})) + (Lin {wv}) is free
the Basis of W is linearly-independent by VECTSP_7:def 3;
then {w} is linearly-independent by B4, ZFMISC_1:31, ZMODUL02:56;
then {wv} is linearly-independent by ZMODUL03:15;
then C3: wv <> 0. V ;
per cases ( (Lin {v}) /\ (Lin {wv}) <> (0). V or (Lin {v}) /\ (Lin {wv}) = (0). V ) ;
suppose (Lin {v}) /\ (Lin {wv}) <> (0). V ; :: thesis: ((Lin (IV \ {wv})) + (Lin {v})) + (Lin {wv}) is free
then consider wx being Vector of V such that
D1: ( wx <> 0. V & (Lin {v}) + (Lin {wv}) = Lin {wx} ) by B2, C3, LmSumMod2;
(Lin (IV \ {wv})) + (Lin {wx}) is free
proof
per cases ( (Lin (IV \ {wv})) /\ (Lin {wx}) = (0). V or (Lin (IV \ {wv})) /\ (Lin {wx}) <> (0). V ) ;
suppose (Lin (IV \ {wv})) /\ (Lin {wx}) = (0). V ; :: thesis: (Lin (IV \ {wv})) + (Lin {wx}) is free
hence (Lin (IV \ {wv})) + (Lin {wx}) is free by B9, ZMODUL04:31; :: thesis: verum
end;
suppose (Lin (IV \ {wv})) /\ (Lin {wx}) <> (0). V ; :: thesis: (Lin (IV \ {wv})) + (Lin {wx}) is free
hence (Lin (IV \ {wv})) + (Lin {wx}) is free by B1, B13, D1; :: thesis: verum
end;
end;
end;
hence ((Lin (IV \ {wv})) + (Lin {v})) + (Lin {wv}) is free by D1, ZMODUL01:96; :: thesis: verum
end;
suppose (Lin {v}) /\ (Lin {wv}) = (0). V ; :: thesis: ((Lin (IV \ {wv})) + (Lin {v})) + (Lin {wv}) is free
then consider w1, w2 being Vector of V such that
D2: ( w1 <> 0. V & w2 <> 0. V & (LinIw + (Lin {v})) + (Lin {wv}) = (LinIw + (Lin {w1})) + (Lin {w2}) & LinIw /\ (Lin {w1}) <> (0). V & (LinIw + (Lin {w1})) /\ (Lin {w2}) = (0). V & v in (Lin {w1}) + (Lin {w2}) & wv in (Lin {w1}) + (Lin {w2}) & w1 in (Lin {v}) + (Lin {wv}) & w2 in (Lin {v}) + (Lin {wv}) ) by B2, B8, C1, C3, LmSumMod3;
(Lin (IV \ {wv})) + (Lin {w1}) is free by B1, B13, D2;
hence ((Lin (IV \ {wv})) + (Lin {v})) + (Lin {wv}) is free by D2, ZMODUL04:31; :: thesis: verum
end;
end;
end;
end;
end;
B17: (Omega). W = (Lin (IV \ {wv})) + (Lin {wv})
proof
for x being object holds
( x in (Omega). W iff x in (Lin (IV \ {wv})) + (Lin {wv}) )
proof
let x be object ; :: thesis: ( x in (Omega). W iff x in (Lin (IV \ {wv})) + (Lin {wv}) )
hereby :: thesis: ( x in (Lin (IV \ {wv})) + (Lin {wv}) implies x in (Omega). W )
assume x in (Omega). W ; :: thesis: x in (Lin (IV \ {wv})) + (Lin {wv})
then consider xx1, xx2 being Vector of W such that
C2: ( xx1 in Lin ( the Basis of W \ {w}) & xx2 in Lin {w} & x = xx1 + xx2 ) by ZMODUL01:92, B5;
reconsider x1 = xx1, x2 = xx2 as Vector of V by ZMODUL01:25;
C3: ( x1 in Lin (IV \ {wv}) & x2 in Lin {wv} ) by C2, ZMODUL03:20;
x = x1 + x2 by C2, ZMODUL01:28;
hence x in (Lin (IV \ {wv})) + (Lin {wv}) by C3, ZMODUL01:92; :: thesis: verum
end;
assume x in (Lin (IV \ {wv})) + (Lin {wv}) ; :: thesis: x in (Omega). W
then consider x1, x2 being Vector of V such that
C2: ( x1 in Lin (IV \ {wv}) & x2 in Lin {wv} & x = x1 + x2 ) by ZMODUL01:92;
C3: ( x1 in Lin ( the Basis of W \ {w}) & x2 in Lin {w} ) by C2, ZMODUL03:20;
Lin ( the Basis of W \ {w}) is Subspace of (Lin ( the Basis of W \ {w})) + (Lin {w}) by ZMODUL01:97;
then C4: x1 in (Lin ( the Basis of W \ {w})) + (Lin {w}) by C3, ZMODUL01:24;
Lin {w} is Subspace of (Lin ( the Basis of W \ {w})) + (Lin {w}) by ZMODUL01:97;
then x2 in (Lin ( the Basis of W \ {w})) + (Lin {w}) by C3, ZMODUL01:24;
then reconsider xx1 = x1, xx2 = x2 as Vector of W by B5, C4;
x = xx1 + xx2 by C2, ZMODUL01:28;
hence x in (Omega). W ; :: thesis: verum
end;
then CX1: for x being Vector of V holds
( x in (Omega). W iff x in (Lin (IV \ {wv})) + (Lin {wv}) ) ;
reconsider Wo = (Omega). W as Subspace of V by ZMODUL01:42;
Wo = (Lin (IV \ {wv})) + (Lin {wv}) by CX1, ZMODUL01:46;
hence (Omega). W = (Lin (IV \ {wv})) + (Lin {wv}) ; :: thesis: verum
end;
reconsider Ws = (Omega). W as strict Subspace of V by ZMODUL01:42;
reconsider Linvs = (Omega). (Lin {v}) as strict Subspace of V ;
((Lin (IV \ {wv})) + (Lin {v})) + (Lin {wv}) = Ws + Linvs by B17, ZMODUL01:96
.= W + (Lin {v}) by ZMODUL04:22 ;
hence W + (Lin {v}) is free by B16; :: thesis: verum
end;
A3: for n being Nat holds S1[n] from NAT_1:sch 2(A1, A2);
let W be free finite-rank Subspace of V; :: thesis: for v being Vector of V st v <> 0. V & W /\ (Lin {v}) <> (0). V holds
W + (Lin {v}) is free

let v be Vector of V; :: thesis: ( v <> 0. V & W /\ (Lin {v}) <> (0). V implies W + (Lin {v}) is free )
assume A4: ( v <> 0. V & W /\ (Lin {v}) <> (0). V ) ; :: thesis: W + (Lin {v}) is free
set rk = rank W;
(rank W) - 1 is Nat
proof
assume (rank W) - 1 is not Nat ; :: thesis: contradiction
then rank W = 0 ;
then B1: (Omega). W = (0). W by ZMODUL05:1
.= (0). V by ZMODUL01:51 ;
(Omega). (Lin {v}) = Lin {v} ;
then W /\ (Lin {v}) = ((0). V) /\ (Lin {v}) by B1, ZMODUL04:23
.= (0). V by ZMODUL01:107 ;
hence contradiction by A4; :: thesis: verum
end;
then reconsider rk1 = (rank W) - 1 as Nat ;
S1[rk1] by A3;
hence W + (Lin {v}) is free by A4; :: thesis: verum