let f, g be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; for a, b being Real st a < b & [.a,b.[ c= dom f & [.a,b.[ c= dom g & f is_right_improper_integrable_on a,b & g is_right_improper_integrable_on a,b & ( not right_improper_integral (f,a,b) = +infty or not right_improper_integral (g,a,b) = -infty ) & ( not right_improper_integral (f,a,b) = -infty or not right_improper_integral (g,a,b) = +infty ) holds
( f + g is_right_improper_integrable_on a,b & right_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (right_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (right_improper_integral (g,a,b)) )
let a, b be Real; ( a < b & [.a,b.[ c= dom f & [.a,b.[ c= dom g & f is_right_improper_integrable_on a,b & g is_right_improper_integrable_on a,b & ( not right_improper_integral (f,a,b) = +infty or not right_improper_integral (g,a,b) = -infty ) & ( not right_improper_integral (f,a,b) = -infty or not right_improper_integral (g,a,b) = +infty ) implies ( f + g is_right_improper_integrable_on a,b & right_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (right_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (right_improper_integral (g,a,b)) ) )
assume that
A1:
a < b
and
A2:
[.a,b.[ c= dom f
and
A3:
[.a,b.[ c= dom g
and
A4:
f is_right_improper_integrable_on a,b
and
A5:
g is_right_improper_integrable_on a,b
and
A6:
( not right_improper_integral (f,a,b) = +infty or not right_improper_integral (g,a,b) = -infty )
and
A7:
( not right_improper_integral (f,a,b) = -infty or not right_improper_integral (g,a,b) = +infty )
; ( f + g is_right_improper_integrable_on a,b & right_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (right_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (right_improper_integral (g,a,b)) )
A8:
for d being Real st a <= d & d < b holds
( f + g is_integrable_on ['a,d'] & (f + g) | ['a,d'] is bounded )
proof
let d be
Real;
( a <= d & d < b implies ( f + g is_integrable_on ['a,d'] & (f + g) | ['a,d'] is bounded ) )
assume A9:
(
a <= d &
d < b )
;
( f + g is_integrable_on ['a,d'] & (f + g) | ['a,d'] is bounded )
then A10:
(
f is_integrable_on ['a,d'] &
f | ['a,d'] is
bounded &
g is_integrable_on ['a,d'] &
g | ['a,d'] is
bounded )
by A4, A5;
[.a,d.] c= [.a,b.[
by A9, XXREAL_1:43;
then
['a,d'] c= [.a,b.[
by A9, INTEGRA5:def 3;
then
(
['a,d'] c= dom f &
['a,d'] c= dom g )
by A2, A3;
hence
f + g is_integrable_on ['a,d']
by A10, INTEGRA6:11;
(f + g) | ['a,d'] is bounded
(f + g) | (['a,d'] /\ ['a,d']) is
bounded
by A10, RFUNCT_1:83;
hence
(f + g) | ['a,d'] is
bounded
;
verum
end;
per cases
( ( f is_right_ext_Riemann_integrable_on a,b & g is_right_ext_Riemann_integrable_on a,b ) or ( f is_right_ext_Riemann_integrable_on a,b & not g is_right_ext_Riemann_integrable_on a,b ) or ( not f is_right_ext_Riemann_integrable_on a,b & g is_right_ext_Riemann_integrable_on a,b ) or ( not f is_right_ext_Riemann_integrable_on a,b & not g is_right_ext_Riemann_integrable_on a,b ) )
;
suppose A11:
(
f is_right_ext_Riemann_integrable_on a,
b &
g is_right_ext_Riemann_integrable_on a,
b )
;
( f + g is_right_improper_integrable_on a,b & right_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (right_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (right_improper_integral (g,a,b)) )then A12:
(
right_improper_integral (
f,
a,
b)
= ext_right_integral (
f,
a,
b) &
right_improper_integral (
g,
a,
b)
= ext_right_integral (
g,
a,
b) )
by A4, A5, Th39;
A13:
(
f + g is_right_ext_Riemann_integrable_on a,
b &
ext_right_integral (
(f + g),
a,
b)
= (ext_right_integral (f,a,b)) + (ext_right_integral (g,a,b)) )
by A1, A2, A3, A11, Th29;
thus
f + g is_right_improper_integrable_on a,
b
by A1, A2, A3, A11, Th29, Th33;
right_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (right_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (right_improper_integral (g,a,b))then
right_improper_integral (
(f + g),
a,
b)
= ext_right_integral (
(f + g),
a,
b)
by A13, Th39;
hence
right_improper_integral (
(f + g),
a,
b)
= (right_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (right_improper_integral (g,a,b))
by A12, A13, XXREAL_3:def 2;
verum end; suppose A14:
(
f is_right_ext_Riemann_integrable_on a,
b & not
g is_right_ext_Riemann_integrable_on a,
b )
;
( f + g is_right_improper_integrable_on a,b & right_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (right_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (right_improper_integral (g,a,b)) )then A15:
right_improper_integral (
f,
a,
b)
= ext_right_integral (
f,
a,
b)
by A4, Th39;
consider Intf being
PartFunc of
REAL,
REAL such that A16:
dom Intf = [.a,b.[
and A17:
for
x being
Real st
x in dom Intf holds
Intf . x = integral (
f,
a,
x)
and A18:
Intf is_left_convergent_in b
by A14, INTEGR10:def 1;
consider Intg being
PartFunc of
REAL,
REAL such that A19:
dom Intg = [.a,b.[
and A20:
for
x being
Real st
x in dom Intg holds
Intg . x = integral (
g,
a,
x)
and
(
Intg is_left_convergent_in b or
Intg is_left_divergent_to+infty_in b or
Intg is_left_divergent_to-infty_in b )
by A5;
A21:
dom (Intf + Intg) =
[.a,b.[ /\ [.a,b.[
by A16, A19, VALUED_1:def 1
.=
[.a,b.[
;
A22:
for
x being
Real st
x in dom (Intf + Intg) holds
(Intf + Intg) . x = integral (
(f + g),
a,
x)
proof
let x be
Real;
( x in dom (Intf + Intg) implies (Intf + Intg) . x = integral ((f + g),a,x) )
assume A23:
x in dom (Intf + Intg)
;
(Intf + Intg) . x = integral ((f + g),a,x)
then A24:
(
a <= x &
x < b )
by A21, XXREAL_1:3;
then
[.a,x.] c= [.a,b.[
by XXREAL_1:43;
then A25:
(
[.a,x.] c= dom f &
[.a,x.] c= dom g )
by A2, A3;
A26:
['a,x'] = [.a,x.]
by A24, INTEGRA5:def 3;
(
f is_integrable_on ['a,x'] &
f | ['a,x'] is
bounded &
g is_integrable_on ['a,x'] &
g | ['a,x'] is
bounded )
by A4, A5, A24;
then
integral (
(f + g),
['a,x'])
= (integral (f,['a,x'])) + (integral (g,['a,x']))
by A25, A26, INTEGRA6:11;
then A27:
integral (
(f + g),
a,
x) =
(integral (f,['a,x'])) + (integral (g,['a,x']))
by A24, INTEGRA5:def 4
.=
(integral (f,a,x)) + (integral (g,['a,x']))
by A24, INTEGRA5:def 4
.=
(integral (f,a,x)) + (integral (g,a,x))
by A24, INTEGRA5:def 4
;
(Intf + Intg) . x =
(Intf . x) + (Intg . x)
by A23, VALUED_1:def 1
.=
(integral (f,a,x)) + (Intg . x)
by A23, A21, A16, A17
.=
(integral (f,a,x)) + (integral (g,a,x))
by A23, A21, A19, A20
;
hence
(Intf + Intg) . x = integral (
(f + g),
a,
x)
by A27;
verum
end; A28:
for
r being
Real st
r < b holds
ex
g being
Real st
(
r < g &
g < b &
g in dom (Intf + Intg) )
A30:
( ex
r being
Real st
(
0 < r &
Intf | ].(b - r),b.[ is
bounded_below ) & ex
r being
Real st
(
0 < r &
Intf | ].(b - r),b.[ is
bounded_above ) )
by A18, Th11;
per cases
( right_improper_integral (g,a,b) = +infty or right_improper_integral (g,a,b) = -infty )
by A5, A14, Th39;
suppose A31:
right_improper_integral (
g,
a,
b)
= +infty
;
( f + g is_right_improper_integrable_on a,b & right_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (right_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (right_improper_integral (g,a,b)) )then A32:
Intf + Intg is_left_divergent_to+infty_in b
by A28, A5, A19, A20, A30, Th51, LIMFUNC2:17;
hence
f + g is_right_improper_integrable_on a,
b
by A8, A21, A22;
right_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (right_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (right_improper_integral (g,a,b))then
right_improper_integral (
(f + g),
a,
b)
= +infty
by A21, A22, A32, Def4;
hence
right_improper_integral (
(f + g),
a,
b)
= (right_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (right_improper_integral (g,a,b))
by A15, A31, XXREAL_3:def 2;
verum end; suppose A33:
right_improper_integral (
g,
a,
b)
= -infty
;
( f + g is_right_improper_integrable_on a,b & right_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (right_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (right_improper_integral (g,a,b)) )then A34:
Intf + Intg is_left_divergent_to-infty_in b
by A28, A5, A19, A20, A30, Th52, Th17;
hence
f + g is_right_improper_integrable_on a,
b
by A8, A21, A22;
right_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (right_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (right_improper_integral (g,a,b))then
right_improper_integral (
(f + g),
a,
b)
= -infty
by A21, A22, A34, Def4;
hence
right_improper_integral (
(f + g),
a,
b)
= (right_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (right_improper_integral (g,a,b))
by A15, A33, XXREAL_3:def 2;
verum end; end; end; suppose A35:
( not
f is_right_ext_Riemann_integrable_on a,
b &
g is_right_ext_Riemann_integrable_on a,
b )
;
( f + g is_right_improper_integrable_on a,b & right_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (right_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (right_improper_integral (g,a,b)) )then A36:
right_improper_integral (
g,
a,
b)
= ext_right_integral (
g,
a,
b)
by A5, Th39;
consider Intg being
PartFunc of
REAL,
REAL such that A37:
dom Intg = [.a,b.[
and A38:
for
x being
Real st
x in dom Intg holds
Intg . x = integral (
g,
a,
x)
and A39:
Intg is_left_convergent_in b
by A35, INTEGR10:def 1;
consider Intf being
PartFunc of
REAL,
REAL such that A40:
dom Intf = [.a,b.[
and A41:
for
x being
Real st
x in dom Intf holds
Intf . x = integral (
f,
a,
x)
and
(
Intf is_left_convergent_in b or
Intf is_left_divergent_to+infty_in b or
Intf is_left_divergent_to-infty_in b )
by A4;
A42:
dom (Intf + Intg) =
[.a,b.[ /\ [.a,b.[
by A37, A40, VALUED_1:def 1
.=
[.a,b.[
;
A43:
for
x being
Real st
x in dom (Intf + Intg) holds
(Intf + Intg) . x = integral (
(f + g),
a,
x)
proof
let x be
Real;
( x in dom (Intf + Intg) implies (Intf + Intg) . x = integral ((f + g),a,x) )
assume A44:
x in dom (Intf + Intg)
;
(Intf + Intg) . x = integral ((f + g),a,x)
then A45:
(
a <= x &
x < b )
by A42, XXREAL_1:3;
then
[.a,x.] c= [.a,b.[
by XXREAL_1:43;
then A46:
(
[.a,x.] c= dom f &
[.a,x.] c= dom g )
by A2, A3;
A47:
['a,x'] = [.a,x.]
by A45, INTEGRA5:def 3;
(
f is_integrable_on ['a,x'] &
f | ['a,x'] is
bounded &
g is_integrable_on ['a,x'] &
g | ['a,x'] is
bounded )
by A4, A5, A45;
then
integral (
(f + g),
['a,x'])
= (integral (f,['a,x'])) + (integral (g,['a,x']))
by A46, A47, INTEGRA6:11;
then A48:
integral (
(f + g),
a,
x) =
(integral (f,['a,x'])) + (integral (g,['a,x']))
by A45, INTEGRA5:def 4
.=
(integral (f,a,x)) + (integral (g,['a,x']))
by A45, INTEGRA5:def 4
.=
(integral (f,a,x)) + (integral (g,a,x))
by A45, INTEGRA5:def 4
;
(Intf + Intg) . x =
(Intf . x) + (Intg . x)
by A44, VALUED_1:def 1
.=
(integral (f,a,x)) + (Intg . x)
by A44, A42, A40, A41
.=
(integral (f,a,x)) + (integral (g,a,x))
by A44, A42, A37, A38
;
hence
(Intf + Intg) . x = integral (
(f + g),
a,
x)
by A48;
verum
end; A49:
for
r being
Real st
r < b holds
ex
g being
Real st
(
r < g &
g < b &
g in dom (Intf + Intg) )
A51:
( ex
r being
Real st
(
0 < r &
Intg | ].(b - r),b.[ is
bounded_below ) & ex
r being
Real st
(
0 < r &
Intg | ].(b - r),b.[ is
bounded_above ) )
by A39, Th11;
per cases
( right_improper_integral (f,a,b) = +infty or right_improper_integral (f,a,b) = -infty )
by A4, A35, Th39;
suppose A52:
right_improper_integral (
f,
a,
b)
= +infty
;
( f + g is_right_improper_integrable_on a,b & right_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (right_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (right_improper_integral (g,a,b)) )then A53:
Intf + Intg is_left_divergent_to+infty_in b
by A49, A4, A40, A41, A51, Th51, LIMFUNC2:17;
hence
f + g is_right_improper_integrable_on a,
b
by A8, A42, A43;
right_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (right_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (right_improper_integral (g,a,b))then
right_improper_integral (
(f + g),
a,
b)
= +infty
by A42, A43, A53, Def4;
hence
right_improper_integral (
(f + g),
a,
b)
= (right_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (right_improper_integral (g,a,b))
by A36, A52, XXREAL_3:def 2;
verum end; suppose A54:
right_improper_integral (
f,
a,
b)
= -infty
;
( f + g is_right_improper_integrable_on a,b & right_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (right_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (right_improper_integral (g,a,b)) )then A55:
Intf + Intg is_left_divergent_to-infty_in b
by A49, A4, A40, A41, A51, Th52, Th17;
hence
f + g is_right_improper_integrable_on a,
b
by A8, A42, A43;
right_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (right_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (right_improper_integral (g,a,b))then
right_improper_integral (
(f + g),
a,
b)
= -infty
by A42, A43, A55, Def4;
hence
right_improper_integral (
(f + g),
a,
b)
= (right_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (right_improper_integral (g,a,b))
by A36, A54, XXREAL_3:def 2;
verum end; end; end; suppose A56:
( not
f is_right_ext_Riemann_integrable_on a,
b & not
g is_right_ext_Riemann_integrable_on a,
b )
;
( f + g is_right_improper_integrable_on a,b & right_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (right_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (right_improper_integral (g,a,b)) )consider Intf being
PartFunc of
REAL,
REAL such that A57:
dom Intf = [.a,b.[
and A58:
for
x being
Real st
x in dom Intf holds
Intf . x = integral (
f,
a,
x)
and
(
Intf is_left_convergent_in b or
Intf is_left_divergent_to+infty_in b or
Intf is_left_divergent_to-infty_in b )
by A4;
consider Intg being
PartFunc of
REAL,
REAL such that A59:
dom Intg = [.a,b.[
and A60:
for
x being
Real st
x in dom Intg holds
Intg . x = integral (
g,
a,
x)
and
(
Intg is_left_convergent_in b or
Intg is_left_divergent_to+infty_in b or
Intg is_left_divergent_to-infty_in b )
by A5;
A61:
dom (Intf + Intg) =
[.a,b.[ /\ [.a,b.[
by A59, A57, VALUED_1:def 1
.=
[.a,b.[
;
A62:
for
x being
Real st
x in dom (Intf + Intg) holds
(Intf + Intg) . x = integral (
(f + g),
a,
x)
proof
let x be
Real;
( x in dom (Intf + Intg) implies (Intf + Intg) . x = integral ((f + g),a,x) )
assume A63:
x in dom (Intf + Intg)
;
(Intf + Intg) . x = integral ((f + g),a,x)
then A64:
(
a <= x &
x < b )
by A61, XXREAL_1:3;
then
[.a,x.] c= [.a,b.[
by XXREAL_1:43;
then A65:
(
[.a,x.] c= dom f &
[.a,x.] c= dom g )
by A2, A3;
A66:
['a,x'] = [.a,x.]
by A64, INTEGRA5:def 3;
(
f is_integrable_on ['a,x'] &
f | ['a,x'] is
bounded &
g is_integrable_on ['a,x'] &
g | ['a,x'] is
bounded )
by A4, A5, A64;
then
integral (
(f + g),
['a,x'])
= (integral (f,['a,x'])) + (integral (g,['a,x']))
by A65, A66, INTEGRA6:11;
then A67:
integral (
(f + g),
a,
x) =
(integral (f,['a,x'])) + (integral (g,['a,x']))
by A64, INTEGRA5:def 4
.=
(integral (f,a,x)) + (integral (g,['a,x']))
by A64, INTEGRA5:def 4
.=
(integral (f,a,x)) + (integral (g,a,x))
by A64, INTEGRA5:def 4
;
(Intf + Intg) . x =
(Intf . x) + (Intg . x)
by A63, VALUED_1:def 1
.=
(integral (f,a,x)) + (Intg . x)
by A63, A61, A57, A58
.=
(integral (f,a,x)) + (integral (g,a,x))
by A63, A61, A59, A60
;
hence
(Intf + Intg) . x = integral (
(f + g),
a,
x)
by A67;
verum
end; A68:
for
r being
Real st
r < b holds
ex
g being
Real st
(
r < g &
g < b &
g in dom (Intf + Intg) )
per cases
( right_improper_integral (f,a,b) = +infty or right_improper_integral (f,a,b) = -infty )
by A4, A56, Th39;
suppose A70:
right_improper_integral (
f,
a,
b)
= +infty
;
( f + g is_right_improper_integrable_on a,b & right_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (right_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (right_improper_integral (g,a,b)) )then
right_improper_integral (
g,
a,
b)
= +infty
by A5, A56, Th39, A6;
then
ex
r being
Real st
(
0 < r &
Intg | ].(b - r),b.[ is
bounded_below )
by A5, A59, A60, Th51, Th14;
then A71:
Intf + Intg is_left_divergent_to+infty_in b
by A70, A68, A4, A57, A58, Th51, LIMFUNC2:17;
hence
f + g is_right_improper_integrable_on a,
b
by A8, A61, A62;
right_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (right_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (right_improper_integral (g,a,b))then
right_improper_integral (
(f + g),
a,
b)
= +infty
by A61, A62, A71, Def4;
hence
right_improper_integral (
(f + g),
a,
b)
= (right_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (right_improper_integral (g,a,b))
by A70, A6, XXREAL_3:def 2;
verum end; suppose A72:
right_improper_integral (
f,
a,
b)
= -infty
;
( f + g is_right_improper_integrable_on a,b & right_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (right_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (right_improper_integral (g,a,b)) )then
right_improper_integral (
g,
a,
b)
= -infty
by A5, A56, Th39, A7;
then
ex
r being
Real st
(
0 < r &
Intg | ].(b - r),b.[ is
bounded_above )
by A5, A59, A60, Th52, Th15;
then A73:
Intf + Intg is_left_divergent_to-infty_in b
by A72, A68, A4, A57, A58, Th52, Th17;
hence
f + g is_right_improper_integrable_on a,
b
by A8, A61, A62;
right_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (right_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (right_improper_integral (g,a,b))then
right_improper_integral (
(f + g),
a,
b)
= -infty
by A61, A62, A73, Def4;
hence
right_improper_integral (
(f + g),
a,
b)
= (right_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (right_improper_integral (g,a,b))
by A72, A7, XXREAL_3:def 2;
verum end; end; end; end;