let f, g be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; for a, b being Real st a < b & ].a,b.] c= dom f & ].a,b.] c= dom g & f is_left_improper_integrable_on a,b & g is_left_improper_integrable_on a,b & ( not left_improper_integral (f,a,b) = +infty or not left_improper_integral (g,a,b) = -infty ) & ( not left_improper_integral (f,a,b) = -infty or not left_improper_integral (g,a,b) = +infty ) holds
( f + g is_left_improper_integrable_on a,b & left_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (left_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (left_improper_integral (g,a,b)) )
let a, b be Real; ( a < b & ].a,b.] c= dom f & ].a,b.] c= dom g & f is_left_improper_integrable_on a,b & g is_left_improper_integrable_on a,b & ( not left_improper_integral (f,a,b) = +infty or not left_improper_integral (g,a,b) = -infty ) & ( not left_improper_integral (f,a,b) = -infty or not left_improper_integral (g,a,b) = +infty ) implies ( f + g is_left_improper_integrable_on a,b & left_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (left_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (left_improper_integral (g,a,b)) ) )
assume that
A1:
a < b
and
A2:
].a,b.] c= dom f
and
A3:
].a,b.] c= dom g
and
A4:
f is_left_improper_integrable_on a,b
and
A5:
g is_left_improper_integrable_on a,b
and
A6:
( not left_improper_integral (f,a,b) = +infty or not left_improper_integral (g,a,b) = -infty )
and
A7:
( not left_improper_integral (f,a,b) = -infty or not left_improper_integral (g,a,b) = +infty )
; ( f + g is_left_improper_integrable_on a,b & left_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (left_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (left_improper_integral (g,a,b)) )
A8:
for d being Real st a < d & d <= b holds
( f + g is_integrable_on ['d,b'] & (f + g) | ['d,b'] is bounded )
proof
let d be
Real;
( a < d & d <= b implies ( f + g is_integrable_on ['d,b'] & (f + g) | ['d,b'] is bounded ) )
assume A9:
(
a < d &
d <= b )
;
( f + g is_integrable_on ['d,b'] & (f + g) | ['d,b'] is bounded )
then A10:
(
f is_integrable_on ['d,b'] &
f | ['d,b'] is
bounded &
g is_integrable_on ['d,b'] &
g | ['d,b'] is
bounded )
by A4, A5;
[.d,b.] c= ].a,b.]
by A9, XXREAL_1:39;
then
['d,b'] c= ].a,b.]
by A9, INTEGRA5:def 3;
then
(
['d,b'] c= dom f &
['d,b'] c= dom g )
by A2, A3;
hence
f + g is_integrable_on ['d,b']
by A10, INTEGRA6:11;
(f + g) | ['d,b'] is bounded
(f + g) | (['d,b'] /\ ['d,b']) is
bounded
by A10, RFUNCT_1:83;
hence
(f + g) | ['d,b'] is
bounded
;
verum
end;
per cases
( ( f is_left_ext_Riemann_integrable_on a,b & g is_left_ext_Riemann_integrable_on a,b ) or ( f is_left_ext_Riemann_integrable_on a,b & not g is_left_ext_Riemann_integrable_on a,b ) or ( not f is_left_ext_Riemann_integrable_on a,b & g is_left_ext_Riemann_integrable_on a,b ) or ( not f is_left_ext_Riemann_integrable_on a,b & not g is_left_ext_Riemann_integrable_on a,b ) )
;
suppose A11:
(
f is_left_ext_Riemann_integrable_on a,
b &
g is_left_ext_Riemann_integrable_on a,
b )
;
( f + g is_left_improper_integrable_on a,b & left_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (left_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (left_improper_integral (g,a,b)) )then A12:
(
left_improper_integral (
f,
a,
b)
= ext_left_integral (
f,
a,
b) &
left_improper_integral (
g,
a,
b)
= ext_left_integral (
g,
a,
b) )
by A4, A5, Th34;
A13:
(
f + g is_left_ext_Riemann_integrable_on a,
b &
ext_left_integral (
(f + g),
a,
b)
= (ext_left_integral (f,a,b)) + (ext_left_integral (g,a,b)) )
by A1, A2, A3, A11, Th28;
thus
f + g is_left_improper_integrable_on a,
b
by A1, A2, A3, A11, Th28, Th32;
left_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (left_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (left_improper_integral (g,a,b))then
left_improper_integral (
(f + g),
a,
b)
= ext_left_integral (
(f + g),
a,
b)
by A13, Th34;
hence
left_improper_integral (
(f + g),
a,
b)
= (left_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (left_improper_integral (g,a,b))
by A12, A13, XXREAL_3:def 2;
verum end; suppose A14:
(
f is_left_ext_Riemann_integrable_on a,
b & not
g is_left_ext_Riemann_integrable_on a,
b )
;
( f + g is_left_improper_integrable_on a,b & left_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (left_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (left_improper_integral (g,a,b)) )then A15:
left_improper_integral (
f,
a,
b)
= ext_left_integral (
f,
a,
b)
by A4, Th34;
consider Intf being
PartFunc of
REAL,
REAL such that A16:
dom Intf = ].a,b.]
and A17:
for
x being
Real st
x in dom Intf holds
Intf . x = integral (
f,
x,
b)
and A18:
Intf is_right_convergent_in a
by A14, INTEGR10:def 2;
consider Intg being
PartFunc of
REAL,
REAL such that A19:
dom Intg = ].a,b.]
and A20:
for
x being
Real st
x in dom Intg holds
Intg . x = integral (
g,
x,
b)
and
(
Intg is_right_convergent_in a or
Intg is_right_divergent_to+infty_in a or
Intg is_right_divergent_to-infty_in a )
by A5;
A21:
dom (Intf + Intg) =
].a,b.] /\ ].a,b.]
by A16, A19, VALUED_1:def 1
.=
].a,b.]
;
A22:
for
x being
Real st
x in dom (Intf + Intg) holds
(Intf + Intg) . x = integral (
(f + g),
x,
b)
proof
let x be
Real;
( x in dom (Intf + Intg) implies (Intf + Intg) . x = integral ((f + g),x,b) )
assume A23:
x in dom (Intf + Intg)
;
(Intf + Intg) . x = integral ((f + g),x,b)
then A24:
(
a < x &
x <= b )
by A21, XXREAL_1:2;
then
[.x,b.] c= ].a,b.]
by XXREAL_1:39;
then A25:
(
[.x,b.] c= dom f &
[.x,b.] c= dom g )
by A2, A3;
A26:
['x,b'] = [.x,b.]
by A24, INTEGRA5:def 3;
(
f is_integrable_on ['x,b'] &
f | ['x,b'] is
bounded &
g is_integrable_on ['x,b'] &
g | ['x,b'] is
bounded )
by A4, A5, A24;
then
integral (
(f + g),
['x,b'])
= (integral (f,['x,b'])) + (integral (g,['x,b']))
by A25, A26, INTEGRA6:11;
then A27:
integral (
(f + g),
x,
b) =
(integral (f,['x,b'])) + (integral (g,['x,b']))
by A24, INTEGRA5:def 4
.=
(integral (f,x,b)) + (integral (g,['x,b']))
by A24, INTEGRA5:def 4
.=
(integral (f,x,b)) + (integral (g,x,b))
by A24, INTEGRA5:def 4
;
(Intf + Intg) . x =
(Intf . x) + (Intg . x)
by A23, VALUED_1:def 1
.=
(integral (f,x,b)) + (Intg . x)
by A23, A21, A16, A17
.=
(integral (f,x,b)) + (integral (g,x,b))
by A23, A21, A19, A20
;
hence
(Intf + Intg) . x = integral (
(f + g),
x,
b)
by A27;
verum
end; A28:
for
r being
Real st
a < r holds
ex
g being
Real st
(
g < r &
a < g &
g in dom (Intf + Intg) )
per cases
( left_improper_integral (g,a,b) = +infty or left_improper_integral (g,a,b) = -infty )
by A5, A14, Th34;
suppose A30:
left_improper_integral (
g,
a,
b)
= +infty
;
( f + g is_left_improper_integrable_on a,b & left_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (left_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (left_improper_integral (g,a,b)) )then A31:
Intg is_right_divergent_to+infty_in a
by A5, A19, A20, Th49;
A32:
ex
r being
Real st
(
0 < r &
Intf | ].a,(a + r).[ is
bounded_below )
by A18, Th10;
then A33:
Intf + Intg is_right_divergent_to+infty_in a
by A30, A28, A5, A19, A20, Th49, LIMFUNC2:19;
thus
f + g is_left_improper_integrable_on a,
b
by A8, A21, A22, A32, A31, A28, LIMFUNC2:19;
left_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (left_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (left_improper_integral (g,a,b))then
left_improper_integral (
(f + g),
a,
b)
= +infty
by A21, A22, A33, Def3;
hence
left_improper_integral (
(f + g),
a,
b)
= (left_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (left_improper_integral (g,a,b))
by A15, A30, XXREAL_3:def 2;
verum end; suppose A34:
left_improper_integral (
g,
a,
b)
= -infty
;
( f + g is_left_improper_integrable_on a,b & left_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (left_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (left_improper_integral (g,a,b)) )then A35:
Intg is_right_divergent_to-infty_in a
by A5, A19, A20, Th50;
A36:
ex
r being
Real st
(
0 < r &
Intf | ].a,(a + r).[ is
bounded_above )
by A18, Th10;
then A37:
Intf + Intg is_right_divergent_to-infty_in a
by A34, A28, A5, A19, A20, Th50, Th16;
thus
f + g is_left_improper_integrable_on a,
b
by A8, A21, A22, A36, A35, A28, Th16;
left_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (left_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (left_improper_integral (g,a,b))then
left_improper_integral (
(f + g),
a,
b)
= -infty
by A21, A22, A37, Def3;
hence
left_improper_integral (
(f + g),
a,
b)
= (left_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (left_improper_integral (g,a,b))
by A15, A34, XXREAL_3:def 2;
verum end; end; end; suppose A38:
( not
f is_left_ext_Riemann_integrable_on a,
b &
g is_left_ext_Riemann_integrable_on a,
b )
;
( f + g is_left_improper_integrable_on a,b & left_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (left_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (left_improper_integral (g,a,b)) )then A39:
left_improper_integral (
g,
a,
b)
= ext_left_integral (
g,
a,
b)
by A5, Th34;
consider Intg being
PartFunc of
REAL,
REAL such that A40:
dom Intg = ].a,b.]
and A41:
for
x being
Real st
x in dom Intg holds
Intg . x = integral (
g,
x,
b)
and A42:
Intg is_right_convergent_in a
by A38, INTEGR10:def 2;
consider Intf being
PartFunc of
REAL,
REAL such that A43:
dom Intf = ].a,b.]
and A44:
for
x being
Real st
x in dom Intf holds
Intf . x = integral (
f,
x,
b)
and
(
Intf is_right_convergent_in a or
Intf is_right_divergent_to+infty_in a or
Intf is_right_divergent_to-infty_in a )
by A4;
A45:
dom (Intf + Intg) =
].a,b.] /\ ].a,b.]
by A40, A43, VALUED_1:def 1
.=
].a,b.]
;
A46:
for
x being
Real st
x in dom (Intf + Intg) holds
(Intf + Intg) . x = integral (
(f + g),
x,
b)
proof
let x be
Real;
( x in dom (Intf + Intg) implies (Intf + Intg) . x = integral ((f + g),x,b) )
assume A47:
x in dom (Intf + Intg)
;
(Intf + Intg) . x = integral ((f + g),x,b)
then A48:
(
a < x &
x <= b )
by A45, XXREAL_1:2;
then
[.x,b.] c= ].a,b.]
by XXREAL_1:39;
then A49:
(
[.x,b.] c= dom f &
[.x,b.] c= dom g )
by A2, A3;
A50:
['x,b'] = [.x,b.]
by A48, INTEGRA5:def 3;
(
f is_integrable_on ['x,b'] &
f | ['x,b'] is
bounded &
g is_integrable_on ['x,b'] &
g | ['x,b'] is
bounded )
by A4, A5, A48;
then
integral (
(f + g),
['x,b'])
= (integral (f,['x,b'])) + (integral (g,['x,b']))
by A49, A50, INTEGRA6:11;
then A51:
integral (
(f + g),
x,
b) =
(integral (f,['x,b'])) + (integral (g,['x,b']))
by A48, INTEGRA5:def 4
.=
(integral (f,x,b)) + (integral (g,['x,b']))
by A48, INTEGRA5:def 4
.=
(integral (f,x,b)) + (integral (g,x,b))
by A48, INTEGRA5:def 4
;
(Intf + Intg) . x =
(Intf . x) + (Intg . x)
by A47, VALUED_1:def 1
.=
(integral (f,x,b)) + (Intg . x)
by A47, A45, A43, A44
.=
(integral (f,x,b)) + (integral (g,x,b))
by A47, A45, A40, A41
;
hence
(Intf + Intg) . x = integral (
(f + g),
x,
b)
by A51;
verum
end; A52:
for
r being
Real st
a < r holds
ex
g being
Real st
(
g < r &
a < g &
g in dom (Intf + Intg) )
per cases
( left_improper_integral (f,a,b) = +infty or left_improper_integral (f,a,b) = -infty )
by A4, A38, Th34;
suppose A54:
left_improper_integral (
f,
a,
b)
= +infty
;
( f + g is_left_improper_integrable_on a,b & left_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (left_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (left_improper_integral (g,a,b)) )
ex
r being
Real st
(
0 < r &
Intg | ].a,(a + r).[ is
bounded_below )
by A42, Th10;
then A55:
Intf + Intg is_right_divergent_to+infty_in a
by A54, A52, A4, A43, A44, Th49, LIMFUNC2:19;
hence
f + g is_left_improper_integrable_on a,
b
by A8, A45, A46;
left_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (left_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (left_improper_integral (g,a,b))then
left_improper_integral (
(f + g),
a,
b)
= +infty
by A45, A46, A55, Def3;
hence
left_improper_integral (
(f + g),
a,
b)
= (left_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (left_improper_integral (g,a,b))
by A39, A54, XXREAL_3:def 2;
verum end; suppose A56:
left_improper_integral (
f,
a,
b)
= -infty
;
( f + g is_left_improper_integrable_on a,b & left_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (left_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (left_improper_integral (g,a,b)) )
ex
r being
Real st
(
0 < r &
Intg | ].a,(a + r).[ is
bounded_above )
by A42, Th10;
then A57:
Intf + Intg is_right_divergent_to-infty_in a
by A56, A52, A4, A43, A44, Th50, Th16;
hence
f + g is_left_improper_integrable_on a,
b
by A8, A45, A46;
left_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (left_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (left_improper_integral (g,a,b))then
left_improper_integral (
(f + g),
a,
b)
= -infty
by A45, A46, A57, Def3;
hence
left_improper_integral (
(f + g),
a,
b)
= (left_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (left_improper_integral (g,a,b))
by A39, A56, XXREAL_3:def 2;
verum end; end; end; suppose A58:
( not
f is_left_ext_Riemann_integrable_on a,
b & not
g is_left_ext_Riemann_integrable_on a,
b )
;
( f + g is_left_improper_integrable_on a,b & left_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (left_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (left_improper_integral (g,a,b)) )consider Intf being
PartFunc of
REAL,
REAL such that A59:
dom Intf = ].a,b.]
and A60:
for
x being
Real st
x in dom Intf holds
Intf . x = integral (
f,
x,
b)
and
(
Intf is_right_convergent_in a or
Intf is_right_divergent_to+infty_in a or
Intf is_right_divergent_to-infty_in a )
by A4;
consider Intg being
PartFunc of
REAL,
REAL such that A61:
dom Intg = ].a,b.]
and A62:
for
x being
Real st
x in dom Intg holds
Intg . x = integral (
g,
x,
b)
and
(
Intg is_right_convergent_in a or
Intg is_right_divergent_to+infty_in a or
Intg is_right_divergent_to-infty_in a )
by A5;
A63:
dom (Intf + Intg) =
].a,b.] /\ ].a,b.]
by A61, A59, VALUED_1:def 1
.=
].a,b.]
;
A64:
for
x being
Real st
x in dom (Intf + Intg) holds
(Intf + Intg) . x = integral (
(f + g),
x,
b)
proof
let x be
Real;
( x in dom (Intf + Intg) implies (Intf + Intg) . x = integral ((f + g),x,b) )
assume A65:
x in dom (Intf + Intg)
;
(Intf + Intg) . x = integral ((f + g),x,b)
then A66:
(
a < x &
x <= b )
by A63, XXREAL_1:2;
then
[.x,b.] c= ].a,b.]
by XXREAL_1:39;
then A67:
(
[.x,b.] c= dom f &
[.x,b.] c= dom g )
by A2, A3;
A68:
['x,b'] = [.x,b.]
by A66, INTEGRA5:def 3;
(
f is_integrable_on ['x,b'] &
f | ['x,b'] is
bounded &
g is_integrable_on ['x,b'] &
g | ['x,b'] is
bounded )
by A4, A5, A66;
then
integral (
(f + g),
['x,b'])
= (integral (f,['x,b'])) + (integral (g,['x,b']))
by A67, A68, INTEGRA6:11;
then A69:
integral (
(f + g),
x,
b) =
(integral (f,['x,b'])) + (integral (g,['x,b']))
by A66, INTEGRA5:def 4
.=
(integral (f,x,b)) + (integral (g,['x,b']))
by A66, INTEGRA5:def 4
.=
(integral (f,x,b)) + (integral (g,x,b))
by A66, INTEGRA5:def 4
;
(Intf + Intg) . x =
(Intf . x) + (Intg . x)
by A65, VALUED_1:def 1
.=
(integral (f,x,b)) + (Intg . x)
by A65, A63, A59, A60
.=
(integral (f,x,b)) + (integral (g,x,b))
by A65, A63, A61, A62
;
hence
(Intf + Intg) . x = integral (
(f + g),
x,
b)
by A69;
verum
end; A70:
for
r being
Real st
a < r holds
ex
g being
Real st
(
g < r &
a < g &
g in dom (Intf + Intg) )
per cases
( left_improper_integral (f,a,b) = +infty or left_improper_integral (f,a,b) = -infty )
by A4, A58, Th34;
suppose A72:
left_improper_integral (
f,
a,
b)
= +infty
;
( f + g is_left_improper_integrable_on a,b & left_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (left_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (left_improper_integral (g,a,b)) )then A73:
Intf is_right_divergent_to+infty_in a
by A4, A59, A60, Th49;
left_improper_integral (
g,
a,
b)
= +infty
by A72, A5, A58, Th34, A6;
then A74:
ex
r being
Real st
(
0 < r &
Intg | ].a,(a + r).[ is
bounded_below )
by A5, A61, A62, Th49, Th12;
then A75:
Intf + Intg is_right_divergent_to+infty_in a
by A70, A72, A4, A59, A60, Th49, LIMFUNC2:19;
thus
f + g is_left_improper_integrable_on a,
b
by A8, A63, A64, A74, A73, A70, LIMFUNC2:19;
left_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (left_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (left_improper_integral (g,a,b))then
left_improper_integral (
(f + g),
a,
b)
= +infty
by A63, A64, A75, Def3;
hence
left_improper_integral (
(f + g),
a,
b)
= (left_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (left_improper_integral (g,a,b))
by A6, A72, XXREAL_3:def 2;
verum end; suppose A76:
left_improper_integral (
f,
a,
b)
= -infty
;
( f + g is_left_improper_integrable_on a,b & left_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (left_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (left_improper_integral (g,a,b)) )then A77:
Intf is_right_divergent_to-infty_in a
by A4, A59, A60, Th50;
left_improper_integral (
g,
a,
b)
= -infty
by A76, A5, A58, Th34, A7;
then A78:
ex
r being
Real st
(
0 < r &
Intg | ].a,(a + r).[ is
bounded_above )
by A5, A61, A62, Th50, Th13;
then A79:
Intf + Intg is_right_divergent_to-infty_in a
by A76, A70, A4, A59, A60, Th50, Th16;
thus
f + g is_left_improper_integrable_on a,
b
by A8, A63, A64, A77, A70, A78, Th16;
left_improper_integral ((f + g),a,b) = (left_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (left_improper_integral (g,a,b))then
left_improper_integral (
(f + g),
a,
b)
= -infty
by A63, A64, A79, Def3;
hence
left_improper_integral (
(f + g),
a,
b)
= (left_improper_integral (f,a,b)) + (left_improper_integral (g,a,b))
by A7, A76, XXREAL_3:def 2;
verum end; end; end; end;