let n, k be Nat; for a being non trivial Nat holds Py (a,(n * k)),(k * ((Px (a,n)) |^ (k -' 1))) * (Py (a,n)) are_congruent_mod (Py (a,n)) ^2
let a be non trivial Nat; Py (a,(n * k)),(k * ((Px (a,n)) |^ (k -' 1))) * (Py (a,n)) are_congruent_mod (Py (a,n)) ^2
set m = min_Pell's_solution_of ((a ^2) -' 1);
set x = Px (a,n);
set y = Py (a,n);
set s = sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1);
set ys = (Py (a,n)) * (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1));
per cases
( n = 0 or k = 0 or ( n > 0 & k > 0 ) )
;
suppose A1:
(
n > 0 &
k > 0 )
;
Py (a,(n * k)),(k * ((Px (a,n)) |^ (k -' 1))) * (Py (a,n)) are_congruent_mod (Py (a,n)) ^2 set I = (
(Px (a,n)),
((Py (a,n)) * (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1))))
In_Power k;
A2:
(Px (a,n)) + ((Py (a,n)) * (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1))) = (((min_Pell's_solution_of ((a ^2) -' 1)) `1) + (((min_Pell's_solution_of ((a ^2) -' 1)) `2) * (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1)))) |^ n
by Def2;
A3:
(Px (a,(n * k))) + ((Py (a,(n * k))) * (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1))) =
(((min_Pell's_solution_of ((a ^2) -' 1)) `1) + (((min_Pell's_solution_of ((a ^2) -' 1)) `2) * (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1)))) |^ (n * k)
by Def2
.=
((Px (a,n)) + ((Py (a,n)) * (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1)))) |^ k
by A2, NEWTON:9
.=
Sum (((Px (a,n)),((Py (a,n)) * (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1)))) In_Power k)
by NEWTON:30
;
consider e,
o being
complex-valued FinSequence such that A4:
(
len e = [\((len (((Px (a,n)),((Py (a,n)) * (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1)))) In_Power k)) / 2)/] &
len o = [/((len (((Px (a,n)),((Py (a,n)) * (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1)))) In_Power k)) / 2)\] )
and A5:
Sum (((Px (a,n)),((Py (a,n)) * (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1)))) In_Power k) = (Sum e) + (Sum o)
and A6:
for
n being
Nat holds
(
e . n = (((Px (a,n)),((Py (a,n)) * (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1)))) In_Power k) . (2 * n) &
o . n = (((Px (a,n)),((Py (a,n)) * (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1)))) In_Power k) . ((2 * n) - 1) )
by Th2;
A7:
len (((Px (a,n)),((Py (a,n)) * (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1)))) In_Power k) = k + 1
by NEWTON:def 4;
(sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1)) |^ (1 + 1) =
(sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1)) * ((sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1)) |^ 1)
by NEWTON:6
.=
(sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1)) ^2
.=
(a ^2) -' 1
by SQUARE_1:def 2
;
then A8:
((Py (a,n)) * (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1))) |^ 2
= ((Py (a,n)) |^ 2) * ((a ^2) -' 1)
by NEWTON:7;
rng o c= NAT
proof
let w be
object ;
TARSKI:def 3 ( not w in rng o or w in NAT )
assume
w in rng o
;
w in NAT
then consider z being
object such that A9:
(
z in dom o &
o . z = w )
by FUNCT_1:def 3;
reconsider z =
z as
Nat by A9;
set Z =
(2 * z) - 1;
A10:
w = (((Px (a,n)),((Py (a,n)) * (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1)))) In_Power k) . ((2 * z) - 1)
by A6, A9;
A11:
( 1
<= z &
z <= len o )
by A9, FINSEQ_3:25;
A12:
2
* z >= 2
* 1
by XREAL_1:64, A9, FINSEQ_3:25;
then A13:
(2 * z) - 1
>= 2
- 1
by XREAL_1:9;
reconsider zz =
(2 * z) - 1,
m =
((2 * z) - 1) - 1 as
Nat by A12;
A14:
((len (((Px (a,n)),((Py (a,n)) * (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1)))) In_Power k)) / 2) + 1
= ((len (((Px (a,n)),((Py (a,n)) * (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1)))) In_Power k)) + 2) / 2
;
len o < ((len (((Px (a,n)),((Py (a,n)) * (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1)))) In_Power k)) / 2) + 1
by A4, INT_1:def 7;
then
z < ((len (((Px (a,n)),((Py (a,n)) * (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1)))) In_Power k)) / 2) + 1
by A11, XXREAL_0:2;
then
( 2
* z < (k + 1) + 2 &
(k + 1) + 2
= (k + 2) + 1 )
by A7, A14, XREAL_1:79;
then A15:
2
* z <= (k + 1) + 1
by NAT_1:13;
then A16:
(2 * z) - 1
<= k + 1
by XREAL_1:20;
reconsider l =
(k + 1) - zz as
Nat by NAT_1:21, XREAL_1:20, A15;
A17:
(2 * z) - 1
in dom (((Px (a,n)),((Py (a,n)) * (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1)))) In_Power k)
by A16, A7, A13, FINSEQ_3:25;
l = k - m
;
then A18:
(((Px (a,n)),((Py (a,n)) * (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1)))) In_Power k) . ((2 * z) - 1) = ((k choose m) * ((Px (a,n)) |^ l)) * (((Py (a,n)) * (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1))) |^ m)
by A17, NEWTON:def 4;
reconsider z1 =
z - 1 as
Nat by A11;
m = 2
* z1
;
then
((Py (a,n)) * (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1))) |^ m = (((Py (a,n)) |^ 2) * ((a ^2) -' 1)) |^ z1
by A8, NEWTON:9;
hence
w in NAT
by A10, A18, ORDINAL1:def 12;
verum
end; then reconsider o =
o as
FinSequence of
NAT by FINSEQ_1:def 4;
defpred S1[
object ,
object ]
means ( $2
in NAT & ( for
n being
Nat st
n = $2 holds
(
e . $1
= (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1)) * n & ( for
N being
Nat st
N = $1 holds
(
N - 1 is
Nat &
(2 * N) - 1 is
Nat &
(k + 1) - (2 * N) is
Nat & ( for
n1,
m,
l being
Nat st
n1 = N - 1 &
m = (2 * N) - 1 &
l = (k + 1) - (2 * N) holds
$2
= ((k choose m) * ((Px (a,n)) |^ l)) * (((((Py (a,n)) |^ 2) * ((a ^2) -' 1)) |^ n1) * (Py (a,n))) ) ) ) ) ) );
A19:
for
n being
Nat st
n in Seg (len e) holds
ex
x being
object st
S1[
n,
x]
proof
let n be
Nat;
( n in Seg (len e) implies ex x being object st S1[n,x] )
assume A20:
n in Seg (len e)
;
ex x being object st S1[n,x]
set N = 2
* n;
A21:
( 1
<= n &
n <= len e )
by A20, FINSEQ_1:1;
then
2
* n >= 2
* 1
by XREAL_1:64;
then A22:
2
* n >= 1
by XXREAL_0:2;
reconsider m =
(2 * n) - 1,
n1 =
n - 1 as
Nat by A21;
len e <= (len (((Px (a,n)),((Py (a,n)) * (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1)))) In_Power k)) / 2
by A4, INT_1:def 6;
then
n <= (len (((Px (a,n)),((Py (a,n)) * (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1)))) In_Power k)) / 2
by A21, XXREAL_0:2;
then A23:
2
* n <= k + 1
by A7, XREAL_1:83;
then reconsider l =
(k + 1) - (2 * n) as
Nat by NAT_1:21;
take U =
((k choose m) * ((Px (a,n)) |^ l)) * (((((Py (a,n)) |^ 2) * ((a ^2) -' 1)) |^ n1) * (Py (a,n)));
S1[n,U]
thus
U in NAT
by ORDINAL1:def 12;
for n being Nat st n = U holds
( e . n = (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1)) * n & ( for N being Nat st N = n holds
( N - 1 is Nat & (2 * N) - 1 is Nat & (k + 1) - (2 * N) is Nat & ( for n1, m, l being Nat st n1 = N - 1 & m = (2 * N) - 1 & l = (k + 1) - (2 * N) holds
U = ((k choose m) * ((Px (a,n)) |^ l)) * (((((Py (a,n)) |^ 2) * ((a ^2) -' 1)) |^ n1) * (Py (a,n))) ) ) ) )
let u be
Nat;
( u = U implies ( e . n = (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1)) * u & ( for N being Nat st N = n holds
( N - 1 is Nat & (2 * N) - 1 is Nat & (k + 1) - (2 * N) is Nat & ( for n1, m, l being Nat st n1 = N - 1 & m = (2 * N) - 1 & l = (k + 1) - (2 * N) holds
U = ((k choose m) * ((Px (a,n)) |^ l)) * (((((Py (a,n)) |^ 2) * ((a ^2) -' 1)) |^ n1) * (Py (a,n))) ) ) ) ) )
assume A24:
u = U
;
( e . n = (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1)) * u & ( for N being Nat st N = n holds
( N - 1 is Nat & (2 * N) - 1 is Nat & (k + 1) - (2 * N) is Nat & ( for n1, m, l being Nat st n1 = N - 1 & m = (2 * N) - 1 & l = (k + 1) - (2 * N) holds
U = ((k choose m) * ((Px (a,n)) |^ l)) * (((((Py (a,n)) |^ 2) * ((a ^2) -' 1)) |^ n1) * (Py (a,n))) ) ) ) )
A25:
2
* n in dom (((Px (a,n)),((Py (a,n)) * (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1)))) In_Power k)
by A23, A7, A22, FINSEQ_3:25;
l = k - m
;
then A26:
(((Px (a,n)),((Py (a,n)) * (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1)))) In_Power k) . (2 * n) = ((k choose m) * ((Px (a,n)) |^ l)) * (((Py (a,n)) * (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1))) |^ m)
by A25, NEWTON:def 4;
m = (2 * n1) + 1
;
then ((Py (a,n)) * (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1))) |^ m =
(((Py (a,n)) * (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1))) |^ (2 * n1)) * ((Py (a,n)) * (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1)))
by NEWTON:6
.=
((((Py (a,n)) |^ 2) * ((a ^2) -' 1)) |^ n1) * ((Py (a,n)) * (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1)))
by A8, NEWTON:9
;
hence
e . n = (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1)) * u
by A6, A26, A24;
for N being Nat st N = n holds
( N - 1 is Nat & (2 * N) - 1 is Nat & (k + 1) - (2 * N) is Nat & ( for n1, m, l being Nat st n1 = N - 1 & m = (2 * N) - 1 & l = (k + 1) - (2 * N) holds
U = ((k choose m) * ((Px (a,n)) |^ l)) * (((((Py (a,n)) |^ 2) * ((a ^2) -' 1)) |^ n1) * (Py (a,n))) ) )
let nn be
Nat;
( nn = n implies ( nn - 1 is Nat & (2 * nn) - 1 is Nat & (k + 1) - (2 * nn) is Nat & ( for n1, m, l being Nat st n1 = nn - 1 & m = (2 * nn) - 1 & l = (k + 1) - (2 * nn) holds
U = ((k choose m) * ((Px (a,n)) |^ l)) * (((((Py (a,n)) |^ 2) * ((a ^2) -' 1)) |^ n1) * (Py (a,n))) ) ) )
assume A27:
n = nn
;
( nn - 1 is Nat & (2 * nn) - 1 is Nat & (k + 1) - (2 * nn) is Nat & ( for n1, m, l being Nat st n1 = nn - 1 & m = (2 * nn) - 1 & l = (k + 1) - (2 * nn) holds
U = ((k choose m) * ((Px (a,n)) |^ l)) * (((((Py (a,n)) |^ 2) * ((a ^2) -' 1)) |^ n1) * (Py (a,n))) ) )
(
nn - 1
= n1 &
(2 * nn) - 1
= m &
(k + 1) - (2 * nn) = l )
by A27;
hence
(
nn - 1 is
Nat &
(2 * nn) - 1 is
Nat &
(k + 1) - (2 * nn) is
Nat & ( for
n1,
m,
l being
Nat st
n1 = nn - 1 &
m = (2 * nn) - 1 &
l = (k + 1) - (2 * nn) holds
U = ((k choose m) * ((Px (a,n)) |^ l)) * (((((Py (a,n)) |^ 2) * ((a ^2) -' 1)) |^ n1) * (Py (a,n))) ) )
;
verum
end; consider p being
FinSequence such that A28:
(
dom p = Seg (len e) & ( for
n being
Nat st
n in Seg (len e) holds
S1[
n,
p . n] ) )
from FINSEQ_1:sch 1(A19);
rng p c= NAT
then reconsider p =
p as
FinSequence of
NAT by FINSEQ_1:def 4;
A29:
(
dom ((sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1)) * p) = dom p &
dom p = dom e )
by A28, VALUED_1:def 5, FINSEQ_1:def 3;
A30:
len p = len e
by A28, FINSEQ_1:def 3;
for
n being
Nat st
n in dom p holds
e . n = ((sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1)) * p) . n
then
e = (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1)) * p
by A29, FINSEQ_1:13;
then
Sum (((Px (a,n)),((Py (a,n)) * (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1)))) In_Power k) = (Sum o) + ((sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1)) * (Sum p))
by A5, RVSUM_1:87;
then A31:
Py (
a,
(n * k))
= Sum p
by A3, PELLS_EQ:3;
A32:
Sum p is
Nat
by TARSKI:1;
A33:
(Py (a,n)) |^ (1 + 1) =
(Py (a,n)) * ((Py (a,n)) |^ 1)
by NEWTON:6
.=
(Py (a,n)) * (Py (a,n))
;
for
n being
Nat st 1
< n &
n <= len p holds
(p . n) mod ((Py (a,n)) ^2) = 0
proof
let n be
Nat;
( 1 < n & n <= len p implies (p . n) mod ((Py (a,n)) ^2) = 0 )
assume A34:
( 1
< n &
n <= len p )
;
(p . n) mod ((Py (a,n)) ^2) = 0
then A35:
n in Seg (len e)
by A28, FINSEQ_3:25;
then
S1[
n,
p . n]
by A28;
then reconsider n1 =
n - 1,
m =
(2 * n) - 1,
l =
(k + 1) - (2 * n) as
Nat ;
A36:
p . n = ((k choose m) * ((Px (a,n)) |^ l)) * (((((Py (a,n)) |^ 2) * ((a ^2) -' 1)) |^ n1) * (Py (a,n)))
by A35, A28;
A37:
n - 1
> 1
- 1
by A34, XREAL_1:9;
(Py (a,n)) ^2 divides (((Py (a,n)) |^ 2) * ((a ^2) -' 1)) |^ n1
by A37, NEWTON02:14, A33, INT_1:def 3;
then
(Py (a,n)) ^2 divides ((((Py (a,n)) |^ 2) * ((a ^2) -' 1)) |^ n1) * (Py (a,n))
by NAT_D:9;
then
(Py (a,n)) ^2 divides p . n
by A36, NAT_D:9;
hence
(p . n) mod ((Py (a,n)) ^2) = 0
by INT_1:62, A1;
verum
end; then
(Sum p) mod ((Py (a,n)) ^2) = (p . 1) mod ((Py (a,n)) ^2)
by Th1;
then
((Sum p) - (p . 1)) mod ((Py (a,n)) ^2) = 0
by A32, INT_4:22, A1;
then
(Py (a,n)) ^2 divides (Sum p) - (p . 1)
by INT_1:62, A1;
then A38:
Sum p,
p . 1
are_congruent_mod (Py (a,n)) ^2
by INT_1:def 4;
(
len (((Px (a,n)),((Py (a,n)) * (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1)))) In_Power k) >= 1
+ 1 & 1
+ 1
= 2
* 1 )
by XREAL_1:6, A7, A1, NAT_1:14;
then
(len (((Px (a,n)),((Py (a,n)) * (sqrt ((a ^2) -' 1)))) In_Power k)) / 2
>= 1
by XREAL_1:77;
then
len p >= 1
by INT_1:54, A30, A4;
then A39:
1
in Seg (len e)
by A28, FINSEQ_3:25;
then
S1[1,
p . 1]
by A28;
then reconsider l =
(k + 1) - (2 * 1) as
Nat ;
A40:
k choose 1
= k
by NEWTON:23, A1, NAT_1:14;
A41:
(((Py (a,n)) |^ 2) * ((a ^2) -' 1)) |^ 0 = 1
by NEWTON:4;
A42:
l = k - 1
;
( 1
- 1
= 0 &
(2 * 1) - 1
= 1 )
;
then
p . 1
= (k * ((Px (a,n)) |^ l)) * (1 * (Py (a,n)))
by A39, A28, A40, A41;
hence
Py (
a,
(n * k)),
(k * ((Px (a,n)) |^ (k -' 1))) * (Py (a,n)) are_congruent_mod (Py (a,n)) ^2
by A42, A31, A38, XREAL_0:def 2;
verum end; end;