:: Basic Formal Properties of Triangular Norms and Conorms :: by Adam Grabowski :: :: Received June 27, 2017 :: Copyright (c) 2017-2021 Association of Mizar Users :: (Stowarzyszenie Uzytkownikow Mizara, Bialystok, Poland). :: This code can be distributed under the GNU General Public Licence :: version 3.0 or later, or the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike :: License version 3.0 or later, subject to the binding interpretation :: detailed in file COPYING.interpretation. :: See COPYING.GPL and COPYING.CC-BY-SA for the full text of these :: licenses, or see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html and :: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/. environ vocabularies NUMBERS, XXREAL_1, REAL_1, XXREAL_0, SUBSET_1, CARD_1, ARYTM_1, ARYTM_3, FUNCT_1, XBOOLE_0, RELAT_1, XREAL_0, FUNCT_7, FUZNORM1, ZFMISC_1, BINOP_1, MSAFREE2, MEMBERED; notations TARSKI, XBOOLE_0, SUBSET_1, ORDINAL1, NUMBERS, XCMPLX_0, XXREAL_0, MEMBERED, ZFMISC_1, BINOP_1, VALUED_0, RELAT_1, XXREAL_2, XREAL_0, COMPLEX1, FUNCT_1, RELSET_1, PARTFUN1, FUNCT_2, REAL_1, SEQ_4, RCOMP_1, PRE_TOPC, TOPS_2, METRIC_1, DOMAIN_1, STRUCT_0, TOPMETR, TSEP_1, TMAP_1, FUZZY_1, BORSUK_1, MEASURE5; constructors REAL_1, SQUARE_1, COMPLEX1, SEQ_4, RCOMP_1, CONNSP_1, TOPS_2, TMAP_1, TOPMETR, XXREAL_2, BINOP_2, RVSUM_1, PCOMPS_1, BINOP_1, FUZZY_1, XREAL_0, INTEGRA1, MESFUNC5, EXTREAL1; registrations XBOOLE_0, RELSET_1, XXREAL_0, XREAL_0, MEMBERED, ORDINAL1; requirements REAL, NUMERALS, BOOLE, SUBSET, ARITHM; begin :: Preliminaries registration cluster [.0,1.] -> non empty; end; theorem :: FUZNORM1:1 for a,b being Element of [.0,1.] holds min (a,b) in [.0,1.]; theorem :: FUZNORM1:2 for a,b being Element of [.0,1.] holds max (a,b) in [.0,1.]; theorem :: FUZNORM1:3 for a,b being Element of [.0,1.] holds a * b in [.0,1.]; theorem :: FUZNORM1:4 for a,b being Element of [.0,1.] holds max (0, a + b - 1) in [.0,1.]; theorem :: FUZNORM1:5 for a,b being Element of [.0,1.] holds min (a + b, 1) in [.0,1.]; theorem :: FUZNORM1:6 for a,b,c being Element of [.0,1.] holds max (0,max(0,a+b-1)+c-1) = max (0,a+max(0,b+c-1)-1); theorem :: FUZNORM1:7 for a being Element of [.0,1.] holds 1 - a in [.0,1.]; theorem :: FUZNORM1:8 for a, b being Element of [.0,1.] holds a + b - a * b in [.0,1.]; theorem :: FUZNORM1:9 for a, b being Element of [.0,1.] holds (a * b) / (a + b - a * b) in [.0,1.]; theorem :: FUZNORM1:10 for a,b being Element of [.0,1.] st max (a,b) <> 1 holds a <> 1 & b <> 1; theorem :: FUZNORM1:11 for x, y being Element of [.0,1.] holds x * y = x + y implies x = 0; theorem :: FUZNORM1:12 for a,b being Element of [.0,1.] holds max (a,b) = 1 - min (1-a,1-b); theorem :: FUZNORM1:13 for a,b being Element of [.0,1.] holds min (a+b,1) = 1 - max (0,1-a+(1-b)-1); theorem :: FUZNORM1:14 for a,b being Element of [.0,1.] holds (a + b - 2 * a * b) / (1 - a * b) in [.0,1.]; registration let f be BinOp of [.0,1.]; let a, b be Real; cluster f.(a,b) -> real; end; theorem :: FUZNORM1:15 for a,b being Real, t being BinOp of [.0,1.] holds t.(a,b) in [.0,1.]; theorem :: FUZNORM1:16 for f being BinOp of [.0,1.], a, b being Real holds 1 - f.(1 - a, 1 - b) in [.0,1.]; theorem :: FUZNORM1:17 ::: move theorems from MESFUNC5 to XXREAL_0 for x,y,k being Real st k <= 0 holds k*min(x,y) = max(k*x,k*y) & k*max(x,y) = min(k*x,k*y); begin :: Basic Example of a Triangular Norm and Conorm: min and max definition let A be real-membered set; let f be BinOp of A; attr f is monotonic means :: FUZNORM1:def 1 for a,b,c,d being Element of A st a <= c & b <= d holds f.(a,b) <= f.(c,d); attr f is with-1-identity means :: FUZNORM1:def 2 for a being Element of A holds f.(a,1) = a; attr f is with-1-annihilating means :: FUZNORM1:def 3 for a being Element of A holds f.(a,1) = 1; attr f is with-0-identity means :: FUZNORM1:def 4 for a being Element of A holds f.(a,0) = a; attr f is with-0-annihilating means :: FUZNORM1:def 5 for a being Element of A holds f.(a,0) = 0; end; scheme :: FUZNORM1:sch 1 ExBinOp { A() -> non empty real-membered set, F(Real, Real) -> set } : ex f being BinOp of A() st for a,b being Element of A() holds f.(a,b) = F(a,b) provided for a,b being Element of A() holds F(a,b) in A(); definition func minnorm -> BinOp of [.0,1.] means :: FUZNORM1:def 6 for a,b being Element of [.0,1.] holds it.(a,b) = min (a,b); end; registration cluster minnorm -> commutative associative monotonic with-1-identity; end; registration cluster commutative associative monotonic with-1-identity for BinOp of [.0,1.]; end; definition mode t-norm is commutative associative monotonic with-1-identity BinOp of [.0,1.]; end; definition func maxnorm -> BinOp of [.0,1.] means :: FUZNORM1:def 7 for a,b being Element of [.0,1.] holds it.(a,b) = max (a,b); end; registration cluster maxnorm -> commutative associative monotonic with-0-identity; end; registration cluster commutative associative monotonic with-0-identity for BinOp of [.0,1.]; end; definition mode t-conorm is commutative associative monotonic with-0-identity BinOp of [.0,1.]; end; theorem :: FUZNORM1:18 for t being commutative monotonic with-1-identity BinOp of [.0,1.] holds for a being Element of [.0,1.] holds t.(a,0) = 0; theorem :: FUZNORM1:19 for t being commutative monotonic with-0-identity BinOp of [.0,1.] holds for a being Element of [.0,1.] holds t.(a,1) = 1; registration cluster -> with-0-annihilating for commutative monotonic with-1-identity BinOp of [.0,1.]; cluster -> with-1-annihilating for commutative monotonic with-0-identity BinOp of [.0,1.]; end; begin :: Further Examples of Triangular Norms definition func prodnorm -> BinOp of [.0,1.] means :: FUZNORM1:def 8 for a,b being Element of [.0,1.] holds it.(a,b) = a * b; end; registration cluster prodnorm -> commutative associative monotonic with-1-identity; end; definition func probsum_conorm -> BinOp of [.0,1.] means :: FUZNORM1:def 9 for a,b being Element of [.0,1.] holds it.(a,b) = a + b - a * b; end; definition func Lukasiewicz_norm -> BinOp of [.0,1.] means :: FUZNORM1:def 10 for a,b being Element of [.0,1.] holds it.(a,b) = max (0, a + b - 1); end; registration cluster Lukasiewicz_norm -> commutative associative monotonic with-1-identity; end; definition func drastic_norm -> BinOp of [.0,1.] means :: FUZNORM1:def 11 for a,b being Element of [.0,1.] holds (max (a,b) = 1 implies it.(a,b) = min (a,b)) & (max (a,b) <> 1 implies it.(a,b) = 0); end; theorem :: FUZNORM1:20 for a,b being Element of [.0,1.] holds (a = 1 implies drastic_norm.(a,b) = b) & (b = 1 implies drastic_norm.(a,b) = a) & (a <> 1 & b <> 1 implies drastic_norm.(a,b) = 0); registration cluster drastic_norm -> commutative associative with-1-identity monotonic; end; definition func nilmin_norm -> BinOp of [.0,1.] means :: FUZNORM1:def 12 for a,b being Element of [.0,1.] holds (a + b > 1 implies it.(a,b) = min (a,b)) & (a + b <= 1 implies it.(a,b) = 0); end; registration cluster nilmin_norm -> commutative associative with-1-identity monotonic; end; definition func Hamacher_norm -> BinOp of [.0,1.] means :: FUZNORM1:def 13 for a,b being Element of [.0,1.] holds it.(a,b) = (a * b) / (a + b - a * b); end; registration cluster Hamacher_norm -> commutative associative with-1-identity monotonic; end; begin :: Basic Triangular Conorms definition func drastic_conorm -> BinOp of [.0,1.] means :: FUZNORM1:def 14 for a,b being Element of [.0,1.] holds (min (a,b) = 0 implies it.(a,b) = max (a,b)) & (min (a,b) <> 0 implies it.(a,b) = 1); end; begin :: Translating between Triangular Norms and Conorms definition let t be BinOp of [.0,1.]; func conorm t -> BinOp of [.0,1.] means :: FUZNORM1:def 15 for a,b being Element of [.0,1.] holds it.(a,b) = 1 - t.(1 - a,1 - b); end; registration let t be t-norm; cluster conorm t -> monotonic commutative associative with-0-identity; end; theorem :: FUZNORM1:21 maxnorm = conorm minnorm; theorem :: FUZNORM1:22 for t being BinOp of [.0,1.] holds conorm conorm t = t; :::theorem ::: obvious ::: for t being t-norm holds conorm t is t-conorm; begin :: The Ordering of Triangular Norms (and Conorms) definition let f1, f2 be BinOp of [.0,1.]; pred f1 <= f2 means :: FUZNORM1:def 16 for a,b being Element of [.0,1.] holds f1.(a,b) <= f2.(a,b); end; theorem :: FUZNORM1:23 for t being t-norm holds drastic_norm <= t; theorem :: FUZNORM1:24 for t being t-norm holds t <= minnorm; theorem :: FUZNORM1:25 for t1, t2 being t-norm st t1 <= t2 holds conorm t2 <= conorm t1; begin :: The Rest of Triangular Conorms definition func Hamacher_conorm -> BinOp of [.0,1.] means :: FUZNORM1:def 17 for a,b being Element of [.0,1.] holds (a = b = 1 implies it.(a,b) = 1) & (a <> 1 or b <> 1 implies it.(a,b) = (a + b - 2 * a * b) / (1 - a * b)); end; theorem :: FUZNORM1:26 conorm Hamacher_norm = Hamacher_conorm; registration cluster Hamacher_conorm -> commutative associative with-0-identity monotonic; end; theorem :: FUZNORM1:27 conorm drastic_norm = drastic_conorm; theorem :: FUZNORM1:28 conorm prodnorm = probsum_conorm; registration cluster probsum_conorm -> commutative associative with-0-identity monotonic; end; definition func nilmax_conorm -> BinOp of [.0,1.] means :: FUZNORM1:def 18 for a,b being Element of [.0,1.] holds (a + b < 1 implies it.(a,b) = max (a,b)) & (a + b >= 1 implies it.(a,b) = 1); end; theorem :: FUZNORM1:29 conorm nilmin_norm = nilmax_conorm; registration cluster nilmax_conorm -> commutative associative with-0-identity monotonic; end; definition func BoundedSum_conorm -> BinOp of [.0,1.] means :: FUZNORM1:def 19 for a,b being Element of [.0,1.] holds it.(a,b) = min (a + b,1); end; theorem :: FUZNORM1:30 conorm Lukasiewicz_norm = BoundedSum_conorm; registration cluster BoundedSum_conorm -> commutative associative with-0-identity monotonic; end; theorem :: FUZNORM1:31 for t being t-conorm holds maxnorm <= t; theorem :: FUZNORM1:32 for t being t-conorm holds t <= drastic_conorm;