let x0, g be Real; for f being PartFunc of REAL,REAL st f is_convergent_in x0 holds
( lim (f,x0) = g iff for g1 being Real st 0 < g1 holds
ex g2 being Real st
( 0 < g2 & ( for r1 being Real st 0 < abs (x0 - r1) & abs (x0 - r1) < g2 & r1 in dom f holds
abs ((f . r1) - g) < g1 ) ) )
let f be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; ( f is_convergent_in x0 implies ( lim (f,x0) = g iff for g1 being Real st 0 < g1 holds
ex g2 being Real st
( 0 < g2 & ( for r1 being Real st 0 < abs (x0 - r1) & abs (x0 - r1) < g2 & r1 in dom f holds
abs ((f . r1) - g) < g1 ) ) ) )
assume A1:
f is_convergent_in x0
; ( lim (f,x0) = g iff for g1 being Real st 0 < g1 holds
ex g2 being Real st
( 0 < g2 & ( for r1 being Real st 0 < abs (x0 - r1) & abs (x0 - r1) < g2 & r1 in dom f holds
abs ((f . r1) - g) < g1 ) ) )
thus
( lim (f,x0) = g implies for g1 being Real st 0 < g1 holds
ex g2 being Real st
( 0 < g2 & ( for r1 being Real st 0 < abs (x0 - r1) & abs (x0 - r1) < g2 & r1 in dom f holds
abs ((f . r1) - g) < g1 ) ) )
( ( for g1 being Real st 0 < g1 holds
ex g2 being Real st
( 0 < g2 & ( for r1 being Real st 0 < abs (x0 - r1) & abs (x0 - r1) < g2 & r1 in dom f holds
abs ((f . r1) - g) < g1 ) ) ) implies lim (f,x0) = g )proof
assume that A2:
lim (
f,
x0)
= g
and A3:
ex
g1 being
Real st
(
0 < g1 & ( for
g2 being
Real st
0 < g2 holds
ex
r1 being
Real st
(
0 < abs (x0 - r1) &
abs (x0 - r1) < g2 &
r1 in dom f &
g1 <= abs ((f . r1) - g) ) ) )
;
contradiction
consider g1 being
Real such that A4:
0 < g1
and A5:
for
g2 being
Real st
0 < g2 holds
ex
r1 being
Real st
(
0 < abs (x0 - r1) &
abs (x0 - r1) < g2 &
r1 in dom f &
g1 <= abs ((f . r1) - g) )
by A3;
defpred S1[
Element of
NAT ,
real number ]
means (
0 < abs (x0 - $2) &
abs (x0 - $2) < 1
/ ($1 + 1) & $2
in dom f &
abs ((f . $2) - g) >= g1 );
A6:
for
n being
Element of
NAT ex
r1 being
Real st
S1[
n,
r1]
by A5, XREAL_1:139;
consider s being
Real_Sequence such that A7:
for
n being
Element of
NAT holds
S1[
n,
s . n]
from FUNCT_2:sch 3(A6);
A8:
rng s c= (dom f) \ {x0}
by A7, Th2;
A9:
lim s = x0
by A7, Th2;
A10:
s is
convergent
by A7, Th2;
then A11:
lim (f /* s) = g
by A1, A2, A9, A8, Def4;
f /* s is
convergent
by A1, A2, A10, A9, A8, Def4;
then consider n being
Element of
NAT such that A12:
for
k being
Element of
NAT st
n <= k holds
abs (((f /* s) . k) - g) < g1
by A4, A11, SEQ_2:def 7;
A13:
abs (((f /* s) . n) - g) < g1
by A12;
rng s c= dom f
by A7, Th2;
then
abs ((f . (s . n)) - g) < g1
by A13, FUNCT_2:108;
hence
contradiction
by A7;
verum
end;
assume A14:
for g1 being Real st 0 < g1 holds
ex g2 being Real st
( 0 < g2 & ( for r1 being Real st 0 < abs (x0 - r1) & abs (x0 - r1) < g2 & r1 in dom f holds
abs ((f . r1) - g) < g1 ) )
; lim (f,x0) = g
now let s be
Real_Sequence;
( s is convergent & lim s = x0 & rng s c= (dom f) \ {x0} implies ( f /* s is convergent & lim (f /* s) = g ) )assume that A15:
s is
convergent
and A16:
lim s = x0
and A17:
rng s c= (dom f) \ {x0}
;
( f /* s is convergent & lim (f /* s) = g )A18:
now let g1 be
real number ;
( 0 < g1 implies ex n being Element of NAT st
for k being Element of NAT st n <= k holds
abs (((f /* s) . k) - g) < g1 )assume A19:
0 < g1
;
ex n being Element of NAT st
for k being Element of NAT st n <= k holds
abs (((f /* s) . k) - g) < g1
g1 is
Real
by XREAL_0:def 1;
then consider g2 being
Real such that A20:
0 < g2
and A21:
for
r1 being
Real st
0 < abs (x0 - r1) &
abs (x0 - r1) < g2 &
r1 in dom f holds
abs ((f . r1) - g) < g1
by A14, A19;
consider n being
Element of
NAT such that A22:
for
k being
Element of
NAT st
n <= k holds
(
0 < abs (x0 - (s . k)) &
abs (x0 - (s . k)) < g2 &
s . k in dom f )
by A15, A16, A17, A20, Th3;
take n =
n;
for k being Element of NAT st n <= k holds
abs (((f /* s) . k) - g) < g1let k be
Element of
NAT ;
( n <= k implies abs (((f /* s) . k) - g) < g1 )assume A23:
n <= k
;
abs (((f /* s) . k) - g) < g1then A24:
abs (x0 - (s . k)) < g2
by A22;
A25:
s . k in dom f
by A22, A23;
0 < abs (x0 - (s . k))
by A22, A23;
then
abs ((f . (s . k)) - g) < g1
by A21, A24, A25;
hence
abs (((f /* s) . k) - g) < g1
by A17, FUNCT_2:108, XBOOLE_1:1;
verum end; hence
f /* s is
convergent
by SEQ_2:def 6;
lim (f /* s) = ghence
lim (f /* s) = g
by A18, SEQ_2:def 7;
verum end;
hence
lim (f,x0) = g
by A1, Def4; verum