let A be closed-interval Subset of REAL; for f, g1, g2, f2 being PartFunc of REAL,REAL
for Z being open Subset of REAL st A c= Z & f = ((g1 + g2) ^) / f2 & f2 = arccot & Z c= ].(- 1),1.[ & g2 = #Z 2 & ( for x being Real st x in Z holds
( g1 . x = 1 & f2 . x > 0 ) ) & Z = dom f holds
integral (f,A) = ((- (ln * arccot)) . (upper_bound A)) - ((- (ln * arccot)) . (lower_bound A))
let f, g1, g2, f2 be PartFunc of REAL,REAL; for Z being open Subset of REAL st A c= Z & f = ((g1 + g2) ^) / f2 & f2 = arccot & Z c= ].(- 1),1.[ & g2 = #Z 2 & ( for x being Real st x in Z holds
( g1 . x = 1 & f2 . x > 0 ) ) & Z = dom f holds
integral (f,A) = ((- (ln * arccot)) . (upper_bound A)) - ((- (ln * arccot)) . (lower_bound A))
let Z be open Subset of REAL; ( A c= Z & f = ((g1 + g2) ^) / f2 & f2 = arccot & Z c= ].(- 1),1.[ & g2 = #Z 2 & ( for x being Real st x in Z holds
( g1 . x = 1 & f2 . x > 0 ) ) & Z = dom f implies integral (f,A) = ((- (ln * arccot)) . (upper_bound A)) - ((- (ln * arccot)) . (lower_bound A)) )
assume A1:
( A c= Z & f = ((g1 + g2) ^) / f2 & f2 = arccot & Z c= ].(- 1),1.[ & g2 = #Z 2 & ( for x being Real st x in Z holds
( g1 . x = 1 & f2 . x > 0 ) ) & Z = dom f )
; integral (f,A) = ((- (ln * arccot)) . (upper_bound A)) - ((- (ln * arccot)) . (lower_bound A))
then
Z = (dom ((g1 + g2) ^)) /\ ((dom f2) \ (f2 " {0}))
by RFUNCT_1:def 4;
then A4:
( Z c= dom ((g1 + g2) ^) & Z c= (dom f2) \ (f2 " {0}) )
by XBOOLE_1:18;
dom ((g1 + g2) ^) c= dom (g1 + g2)
by RFUNCT_1:11;
then AB:
Z c= dom (g1 + g2)
by A4, XBOOLE_1:1;
for x being Real st x in Z holds
g1 . x = 1
by A1;
then A6:
(g1 + g2) ^ is_differentiable_on Z
by A1, A4, Th1;
A7:
f2 is_differentiable_on Z
by A1, SIN_COS9:82;
for x being Real st x in Z holds
f2 . x <> 0
by A1;
then
f is_differentiable_on Z
by A1, A6, A7, FDIFF_2:21;
then
f | Z is continuous
by FDIFF_1:33;
then A11:
f | A is continuous
by FCONT_1:17, A1;
A12:
Z c= dom (f2 ^)
by A4, RFUNCT_1:def 8;
dom (f2 ^) c= dom f2
by RFUNCT_1:11;
then A13:
Z c= dom f2
by A12, XBOOLE_1:1;
A14:
for x being Real st x in Z holds
f2 . x > 0
by A1;
rng (f2 | Z) c= right_open_halfline 0
then
f2 .: Z c= dom ln
by RELAT_1:148, TAYLOR_1:18;
then A22:
Z c= dom (ln * arccot)
by A1, A13, FUNCT_1:171;
A23:
( f is_integrable_on A & f | A is bounded )
by A1, A11, INTEGRA5:10, INTEGRA5:11;
A24:
ln * arccot is_differentiable_on Z
by A1, A22, A14, SIN_COS9:90;
Z c= dom (- (ln * arccot))
by A22, VALUED_1:8;
then A26:
- (ln * arccot) is_differentiable_on Z
by A24, FDIFF_1:28, X;
A27:
for x being Real st x in Z holds
((- (ln * arccot)) `| Z) . x = 1 / ((1 + (x ^2)) * (arccot . x))
proof
let x be
Real;
( x in Z implies ((- (ln * arccot)) `| Z) . x = 1 / ((1 + (x ^2)) * (arccot . x)) )
assume A28:
x in Z
;
((- (ln * arccot)) `| Z) . x = 1 / ((1 + (x ^2)) * (arccot . x))
then A29:
(
- 1
< x &
x < 1 )
by A1, XXREAL_1:4;
arccot is_differentiable_on Z
by SIN_COS9:82, A1;
then A30:
arccot is_differentiable_in x
by A28, FDIFF_1:16;
A31:
arccot . x > 0
by A1, A28;
A32:
ln * arccot is_differentiable_in x
by A24, A28, FDIFF_1:16;
((- (ln * arccot)) `| Z) . x =
diff (
(- (ln * arccot)),
x)
by A26, A28, FDIFF_1:def 8
.=
(- 1) * (diff ((ln * arccot),x))
by A32, FDIFF_1:23, X
.=
(- 1) * ((diff (arccot,x)) / (arccot . x))
by A30, A31, TAYLOR_1:20
.=
(- 1) * ((- (1 / (1 + (x ^2)))) / (arccot . x))
by A29, SIN_COS9:76
.=
(1 / (1 + (x ^2))) / (arccot . x)
.=
1
/ ((1 + (x ^2)) * (arccot . x))
by XCMPLX_1:79
;
hence
((- (ln * arccot)) `| Z) . x = 1
/ ((1 + (x ^2)) * (arccot . x))
;
verum
end;
B1:
for x being Real st x in Z holds
f . x = 1 / ((1 + (x ^2)) * (arccot . x))
A33:
for x being Real st x in dom ((- (ln * arccot)) `| Z) holds
((- (ln * arccot)) `| Z) . x = f . x
dom ((- (ln * arccot)) `| Z) = dom f
by A1, A26, FDIFF_1:def 8;
then
(- (ln * arccot)) `| Z = f
by A33, PARTFUN1:34;
hence
integral (f,A) = ((- (ln * arccot)) . (upper_bound A)) - ((- (ln * arccot)) . (lower_bound A))
by A1, A23, A26, INTEGRA5:13; verum