let f be PartFunc of COMPLEX,COMPLEX; for u, v being PartFunc of (REAL 2),REAL
for z0 being Complex
for x0, y0 being Real
for xy0 being Element of REAL 2 st ( for x, y being Real st <*x,y*> in dom v holds
x + (y * <i>) in dom f ) & ( for x, y being Real st x + (y * <i>) in dom f holds
( <*x,y*> in dom u & u . <*x,y*> = (Re f) . (x + (y * <i>)) ) ) & ( for x, y being Real st x + (y * <i>) in dom f holds
( <*x,y*> in dom v & v . <*x,y*> = (Im f) . (x + (y * <i>)) ) ) & z0 = x0 + (y0 * <i>) & xy0 = <*x0,y0*> & <>* u is_differentiable_in xy0 & <>* v is_differentiable_in xy0 & partdiff (u,xy0,1) = partdiff (v,xy0,2) & partdiff (u,xy0,2) = - (partdiff (v,xy0,1)) holds
( f is_differentiable_in z0 & u is_partial_differentiable_in xy0,1 & u is_partial_differentiable_in xy0,2 & v is_partial_differentiable_in xy0,1 & v is_partial_differentiable_in xy0,2 & Re (diff (f,z0)) = partdiff (u,xy0,1) & Re (diff (f,z0)) = partdiff (v,xy0,2) & Im (diff (f,z0)) = - (partdiff (u,xy0,2)) & Im (diff (f,z0)) = partdiff (v,xy0,1) )
let u, v be PartFunc of (REAL 2),REAL; for z0 being Complex
for x0, y0 being Real
for xy0 being Element of REAL 2 st ( for x, y being Real st <*x,y*> in dom v holds
x + (y * <i>) in dom f ) & ( for x, y being Real st x + (y * <i>) in dom f holds
( <*x,y*> in dom u & u . <*x,y*> = (Re f) . (x + (y * <i>)) ) ) & ( for x, y being Real st x + (y * <i>) in dom f holds
( <*x,y*> in dom v & v . <*x,y*> = (Im f) . (x + (y * <i>)) ) ) & z0 = x0 + (y0 * <i>) & xy0 = <*x0,y0*> & <>* u is_differentiable_in xy0 & <>* v is_differentiable_in xy0 & partdiff (u,xy0,1) = partdiff (v,xy0,2) & partdiff (u,xy0,2) = - (partdiff (v,xy0,1)) holds
( f is_differentiable_in z0 & u is_partial_differentiable_in xy0,1 & u is_partial_differentiable_in xy0,2 & v is_partial_differentiable_in xy0,1 & v is_partial_differentiable_in xy0,2 & Re (diff (f,z0)) = partdiff (u,xy0,1) & Re (diff (f,z0)) = partdiff (v,xy0,2) & Im (diff (f,z0)) = - (partdiff (u,xy0,2)) & Im (diff (f,z0)) = partdiff (v,xy0,1) )
let z0 be Complex; for x0, y0 being Real
for xy0 being Element of REAL 2 st ( for x, y being Real st <*x,y*> in dom v holds
x + (y * <i>) in dom f ) & ( for x, y being Real st x + (y * <i>) in dom f holds
( <*x,y*> in dom u & u . <*x,y*> = (Re f) . (x + (y * <i>)) ) ) & ( for x, y being Real st x + (y * <i>) in dom f holds
( <*x,y*> in dom v & v . <*x,y*> = (Im f) . (x + (y * <i>)) ) ) & z0 = x0 + (y0 * <i>) & xy0 = <*x0,y0*> & <>* u is_differentiable_in xy0 & <>* v is_differentiable_in xy0 & partdiff (u,xy0,1) = partdiff (v,xy0,2) & partdiff (u,xy0,2) = - (partdiff (v,xy0,1)) holds
( f is_differentiable_in z0 & u is_partial_differentiable_in xy0,1 & u is_partial_differentiable_in xy0,2 & v is_partial_differentiable_in xy0,1 & v is_partial_differentiable_in xy0,2 & Re (diff (f,z0)) = partdiff (u,xy0,1) & Re (diff (f,z0)) = partdiff (v,xy0,2) & Im (diff (f,z0)) = - (partdiff (u,xy0,2)) & Im (diff (f,z0)) = partdiff (v,xy0,1) )
let x0, y0 be Real; for xy0 being Element of REAL 2 st ( for x, y being Real st <*x,y*> in dom v holds
x + (y * <i>) in dom f ) & ( for x, y being Real st x + (y * <i>) in dom f holds
( <*x,y*> in dom u & u . <*x,y*> = (Re f) . (x + (y * <i>)) ) ) & ( for x, y being Real st x + (y * <i>) in dom f holds
( <*x,y*> in dom v & v . <*x,y*> = (Im f) . (x + (y * <i>)) ) ) & z0 = x0 + (y0 * <i>) & xy0 = <*x0,y0*> & <>* u is_differentiable_in xy0 & <>* v is_differentiable_in xy0 & partdiff (u,xy0,1) = partdiff (v,xy0,2) & partdiff (u,xy0,2) = - (partdiff (v,xy0,1)) holds
( f is_differentiable_in z0 & u is_partial_differentiable_in xy0,1 & u is_partial_differentiable_in xy0,2 & v is_partial_differentiable_in xy0,1 & v is_partial_differentiable_in xy0,2 & Re (diff (f,z0)) = partdiff (u,xy0,1) & Re (diff (f,z0)) = partdiff (v,xy0,2) & Im (diff (f,z0)) = - (partdiff (u,xy0,2)) & Im (diff (f,z0)) = partdiff (v,xy0,1) )
let xy0 be Element of REAL 2; ( ( for x, y being Real st <*x,y*> in dom v holds
x + (y * <i>) in dom f ) & ( for x, y being Real st x + (y * <i>) in dom f holds
( <*x,y*> in dom u & u . <*x,y*> = (Re f) . (x + (y * <i>)) ) ) & ( for x, y being Real st x + (y * <i>) in dom f holds
( <*x,y*> in dom v & v . <*x,y*> = (Im f) . (x + (y * <i>)) ) ) & z0 = x0 + (y0 * <i>) & xy0 = <*x0,y0*> & <>* u is_differentiable_in xy0 & <>* v is_differentiable_in xy0 & partdiff (u,xy0,1) = partdiff (v,xy0,2) & partdiff (u,xy0,2) = - (partdiff (v,xy0,1)) implies ( f is_differentiable_in z0 & u is_partial_differentiable_in xy0,1 & u is_partial_differentiable_in xy0,2 & v is_partial_differentiable_in xy0,1 & v is_partial_differentiable_in xy0,2 & Re (diff (f,z0)) = partdiff (u,xy0,1) & Re (diff (f,z0)) = partdiff (v,xy0,2) & Im (diff (f,z0)) = - (partdiff (u,xy0,2)) & Im (diff (f,z0)) = partdiff (v,xy0,1) ) )
assume that
A1:
for x, y being Real st <*x,y*> in dom v holds
x + (y * <i>) in dom f
and
A2:
for x, y being Real st x + (y * <i>) in dom f holds
( <*x,y*> in dom u & u . <*x,y*> = (Re f) . (x + (y * <i>)) )
and
A3:
for x, y being Real st x + (y * <i>) in dom f holds
( <*x,y*> in dom v & v . <*x,y*> = (Im f) . (x + (y * <i>)) )
and
A4:
z0 = x0 + (y0 * <i>)
and
A5:
xy0 = <*x0,y0*>
and
A6:
<>* u is_differentiable_in xy0
and
A7:
<>* v is_differentiable_in xy0
and
A8:
partdiff (u,xy0,1) = partdiff (v,xy0,2)
and
A9:
partdiff (u,xy0,2) = - (partdiff (v,xy0,1))
; ( f is_differentiable_in z0 & u is_partial_differentiable_in xy0,1 & u is_partial_differentiable_in xy0,2 & v is_partial_differentiable_in xy0,1 & v is_partial_differentiable_in xy0,2 & Re (diff (f,z0)) = partdiff (u,xy0,1) & Re (diff (f,z0)) = partdiff (v,xy0,2) & Im (diff (f,z0)) = - (partdiff (u,xy0,2)) & Im (diff (f,z0)) = partdiff (v,xy0,1) )
A10:
ex hu being PartFunc of (REAL-NS 2),(REAL-NS 1) ex huxy0 being Point of (REAL-NS 2) st
( <>* u = hu & xy0 = huxy0 & diff ((<>* u),xy0) = diff (hu,huxy0) )
by A6, PDIFF_1:def 8;
A11:
ex hv being PartFunc of (REAL-NS 2),(REAL-NS 1) ex hvxy0 being Point of (REAL-NS 2) st
( <>* v = hv & xy0 = hvxy0 & diff ((<>* v),xy0) = diff (hv,hvxy0) )
by A7, PDIFF_1:def 8;
consider gu being PartFunc of (REAL-NS 2),(REAL-NS 1), guxy0 being Point of (REAL-NS 2) such that
A12:
<>* u = gu
and
A13:
xy0 = guxy0
and
A14:
gu is_differentiable_in guxy0
by A6, PDIFF_1:def 7;
consider Nu being Neighbourhood of guxy0 such that
A15:
Nu c= dom gu
and
A16:
ex Ru being REST of (REAL-NS 2),(REAL-NS 1) st
for xy being Point of (REAL-NS 2) st xy in Nu holds
(gu /. xy) - (gu /. guxy0) = ((diff (gu,guxy0)) . (xy - guxy0)) + (Ru /. (xy - guxy0))
by A14, NDIFF_1:def 7;
consider r1 being Real such that
A17:
0 < r1
and
A18:
{ xy where xy is Point of (REAL-NS 2) : ||.(xy - guxy0).|| < r1 } c= Nu
by NFCONT_1:def 3;
consider gv being PartFunc of (REAL-NS 2),(REAL-NS 1), gvxy0 being Point of (REAL-NS 2) such that
A19:
<>* v = gv
and
A20:
xy0 = gvxy0
and
A21:
gv is_differentiable_in gvxy0
by A7, PDIFF_1:def 7;
consider Ru being REST of (REAL-NS 2),(REAL-NS 1) such that
A22:
for xy being Point of (REAL-NS 2) st xy in Nu holds
(gu /. xy) - (gu /. guxy0) = ((diff (gu,guxy0)) . (xy - guxy0)) + (Ru /. (xy - guxy0))
by A16;
A23:
( <*(partdiff (u,xy0,1))*> = (diff ((<>* u),xy0)) . <*1,0*> & <*(partdiff (u,xy0,2))*> = (diff ((<>* u),xy0)) . <*0,1*> )
by A5, A6, Th5;
A24:
for x, y being Element of REAL st <*x,y*> in Nu holds
(u . <*x,y*>) - (u . <*x0,y0*>) = (((partdiff (u,xy0,1)) * (x - x0)) + ((partdiff (u,xy0,2)) * (y - y0))) + ((proj (1,1)) . (Ru . <*(x - x0),(y - y0)*>))
proof
Ru is
total
by NDIFF_1:def 5;
then A25:
dom Ru = the
carrier of
(REAL-NS 2)
by PARTFUN1:def 4;
rng u c= dom ((proj (1,1)) ")
by PDIFF_1:2;
then A26:
dom (<>* u) = dom u
by RELAT_1:46;
||.(guxy0 - guxy0).|| < r1
by A17, NORMSP_1:10;
then
guxy0 in { wxy where wxy is Point of (REAL-NS 2) : ||.(wxy - guxy0).|| < r1 }
;
then A27:
<*x0,y0*> in Nu
by A5, A13, A18;
then gu /. guxy0 =
gu . guxy0
by A5, A13, A15, PARTFUN1:def 8
.=
(<>* u) /. <*x0,y0*>
by A5, A12, A13, A15, A27, PARTFUN1:def 8
.=
<*(u /. <*x0,y0*>)*>
by A12, A15, A26, A27, Lm14
.=
<*(u . <*x0,y0*>)*>
by A12, A15, A26, A27, PARTFUN1:def 8
;
then A28:
(proj (1,1)) . (gu /. guxy0) = u . <*x0,y0*>
by PDIFF_1:1;
<*0,1*> in REAL 2
by FINSEQ_2:121;
then reconsider e2 =
<*0,1*> as
Point of
(REAL-NS 2) by REAL_NS1:def 4;
<*1,0*> in REAL 2
by FINSEQ_2:121;
then reconsider e1 =
<*1,0*> as
Point of
(REAL-NS 2) by REAL_NS1:def 4;
let x,
y be
Element of
REAL ;
( <*x,y*> in Nu implies (u . <*x,y*>) - (u . <*x0,y0*>) = (((partdiff (u,xy0,1)) * (x - x0)) + ((partdiff (u,xy0,2)) * (y - y0))) + ((proj (1,1)) . (Ru . <*(x - x0),(y - y0)*>)) )
A29:
diff (
gu,
guxy0) is
LinearOperator of
(REAL-NS 2),
(REAL-NS 1)
by LOPBAN_1:def 10;
<*x,y*> in REAL 2
by FINSEQ_2:121;
then reconsider xy =
<*x,y*> as
Point of
(REAL-NS 2) by REAL_NS1:def 4;
A30:
(y - y0) * e2 =
<*((y - y0) * 0),((y - y0) * 1)*>
by Lm12
.=
<*0,(y - y0)*>
;
A31:
xy - guxy0 = <*(x - x0),(y - y0)*>
by A5, A13, Lm11;
assume A32:
<*x,y*> in Nu
;
(u . <*x,y*>) - (u . <*x0,y0*>) = (((partdiff (u,xy0,1)) * (x - x0)) + ((partdiff (u,xy0,2)) * (y - y0))) + ((proj (1,1)) . (Ru . <*(x - x0),(y - y0)*>))
then gu /. xy =
gu . xy
by A15, PARTFUN1:def 8
.=
(<>* u) /. <*x,y*>
by A12, A15, A32, PARTFUN1:def 8
.=
<*(u /. <*x,y*>)*>
by A12, A15, A32, A26, Lm14
.=
<*(u . <*x,y*>)*>
by A12, A15, A32, A26, PARTFUN1:def 8
;
then
(proj (1,1)) . (gu /. xy) = u . <*x,y*>
by PDIFF_1:1;
then A33:
(u . <*x,y*>) - (u . <*x0,y0*>) =
(proj (1,1)) . ((gu /. xy) - (gu /. guxy0))
by A28, PDIFF_1:4
.=
(proj (1,1)) . (((diff (gu,guxy0)) . (xy - guxy0)) + (Ru /. (xy - guxy0)))
by A22, A32
.=
((proj (1,1)) . ((diff (gu,guxy0)) . (xy - guxy0))) + ((proj (1,1)) . (Ru /. (xy - guxy0)))
by PDIFF_1:4
;
(x - x0) * e1 =
<*((x - x0) * 1),((x - x0) * 0)*>
by Lm12
.=
<*(x - x0),0*>
;
then ((x - x0) * e1) + ((y - y0) * e2) =
<*((x - x0) + 0),(0 + (y - y0))*>
by A30, Lm11
.=
<*(x - x0),(y - y0)*>
;
then
xy - guxy0 = ((x - x0) * e1) + ((y - y0) * e2)
by A5, A13, Lm11;
then (diff (gu,guxy0)) . (xy - guxy0) =
((diff (gu,guxy0)) . ((x - x0) * e1)) + ((diff (gu,guxy0)) . ((y - y0) * e2))
by A29, GRCAT_1:def 13
.=
((x - x0) * ((diff (gu,guxy0)) . e1)) + ((diff (gu,guxy0)) . ((y - y0) * e2))
by A29, LOPBAN_1:def 6
.=
((x - x0) * ((diff (gu,guxy0)) . e1)) + ((y - y0) * ((diff (gu,guxy0)) . e2))
by A29, LOPBAN_1:def 6
;
hence (u . <*x,y*>) - (u . <*x0,y0*>) =
(((proj (1,1)) . ((x - x0) * ((diff (gu,guxy0)) . e1))) + ((proj (1,1)) . ((y - y0) * ((diff (gu,guxy0)) . e2)))) + ((proj (1,1)) . (Ru /. (xy - guxy0)))
by A33, PDIFF_1:4
.=
(((x - x0) * ((proj (1,1)) . ((diff (gu,guxy0)) . e1))) + ((proj (1,1)) . ((y - y0) * ((diff (gu,guxy0)) . e2)))) + ((proj (1,1)) . (Ru /. (xy - guxy0)))
by PDIFF_1:4
.=
(((x - x0) * ((proj (1,1)) . <*(partdiff (u,xy0,1))*>)) + ((y - y0) * ((proj (1,1)) . <*(partdiff (u,xy0,2))*>))) + ((proj (1,1)) . (Ru /. (xy - guxy0)))
by A23, A12, A13, A10, PDIFF_1:4
.=
(((x - x0) * (partdiff (u,xy0,1))) + ((y - y0) * ((proj (1,1)) . <*(partdiff (u,xy0,2))*>))) + ((proj (1,1)) . (Ru /. (xy - guxy0)))
by PDIFF_1:1
.=
(((x - x0) * (partdiff (u,xy0,1))) + ((y - y0) * (partdiff (u,xy0,2)))) + ((proj (1,1)) . (Ru /. (xy - guxy0)))
by PDIFF_1:1
.=
(((partdiff (u,xy0,1)) * (x - x0)) + ((partdiff (u,xy0,2)) * (y - y0))) + ((proj (1,1)) . (Ru . <*(x - x0),(y - y0)*>))
by A31, A25, PARTFUN1:def 8
;
verum
end;
consider Nv being Neighbourhood of gvxy0 such that
A34:
Nv c= dom gv
and
A35:
ex Rv being REST of (REAL-NS 2),(REAL-NS 1) st
for xy being Point of (REAL-NS 2) st xy in Nv holds
(gv /. xy) - (gv /. gvxy0) = ((diff (gv,gvxy0)) . (xy - gvxy0)) + (Rv /. (xy - gvxy0))
by A21, NDIFF_1:def 7;
consider r2 being Real such that
A36:
0 < r2
and
A37:
{ xy where xy is Point of (REAL-NS 2) : ||.(xy - gvxy0).|| < r2 } c= Nv
by NFCONT_1:def 3;
set r0 = min ((r1 / 2),(r2 / 2));
set N = { y where y is Complex : |.(y - z0).| < min ((r1 / 2),(r2 / 2)) } ;
consider Rv being REST of (REAL-NS 2),(REAL-NS 1) such that
A38:
for xy being Point of (REAL-NS 2) st xy in Nv holds
(gv /. xy) - (gv /. gvxy0) = ((diff (gv,gvxy0)) . (xy - gvxy0)) + (Rv /. (xy - gvxy0))
by A35;
A39:
( <*(partdiff (v,xy0,1))*> = (diff ((<>* v),xy0)) . <*1,0*> & <*(partdiff (v,xy0,2))*> = (diff ((<>* v),xy0)) . <*0,1*> )
by A5, A7, Th5;
A40:
for x, y being Element of REAL st <*x,y*> in Nv holds
(v . <*x,y*>) - (v . <*x0,y0*>) = (((partdiff (v,xy0,1)) * (x - x0)) + ((partdiff (v,xy0,2)) * (y - y0))) + ((proj (1,1)) . (Rv . <*(x - x0),(y - y0)*>))
proof
Rv is
total
by NDIFF_1:def 5;
then A41:
dom Rv = the
carrier of
(REAL-NS 2)
by PARTFUN1:def 4;
rng v c= dom ((proj (1,1)) ")
by PDIFF_1:2;
then A42:
dom (<>* v) = dom v
by RELAT_1:46;
||.(gvxy0 - gvxy0).|| < r2
by A36, NORMSP_1:10;
then
gvxy0 in { wxy where wxy is Point of (REAL-NS 2) : ||.(wxy - gvxy0).|| < r2 }
;
then A43:
<*x0,y0*> in Nv
by A5, A20, A37;
then gv /. gvxy0 =
gv . gvxy0
by A5, A20, A34, PARTFUN1:def 8
.=
(<>* v) /. <*x0,y0*>
by A5, A19, A20, A34, A43, PARTFUN1:def 8
.=
<*(v /. <*x0,y0*>)*>
by A19, A34, A42, A43, Lm14
.=
<*(v . <*x0,y0*>)*>
by A19, A34, A42, A43, PARTFUN1:def 8
;
then A44:
(proj (1,1)) . (gv /. gvxy0) = v . <*x0,y0*>
by PDIFF_1:1;
<*0,1*> in REAL 2
by FINSEQ_2:121;
then reconsider e2 =
<*0,1*> as
Point of
(REAL-NS 2) by REAL_NS1:def 4;
<*1,0*> in REAL 2
by FINSEQ_2:121;
then reconsider e1 =
<*1,0*> as
Point of
(REAL-NS 2) by REAL_NS1:def 4;
let x,
y be
Element of
REAL ;
( <*x,y*> in Nv implies (v . <*x,y*>) - (v . <*x0,y0*>) = (((partdiff (v,xy0,1)) * (x - x0)) + ((partdiff (v,xy0,2)) * (y - y0))) + ((proj (1,1)) . (Rv . <*(x - x0),(y - y0)*>)) )
A45:
diff (
gv,
gvxy0) is
LinearOperator of
(REAL-NS 2),
(REAL-NS 1)
by LOPBAN_1:def 10;
<*x,y*> in REAL 2
by FINSEQ_2:121;
then reconsider xy =
<*x,y*> as
Point of
(REAL-NS 2) by REAL_NS1:def 4;
A46:
(y - y0) * e2 =
<*((y - y0) * 0),((y - y0) * 1)*>
by Lm12
.=
<*0,(y - y0)*>
;
A47:
xy - gvxy0 = <*(x - x0),(y - y0)*>
by A5, A20, Lm11;
assume A48:
<*x,y*> in Nv
;
(v . <*x,y*>) - (v . <*x0,y0*>) = (((partdiff (v,xy0,1)) * (x - x0)) + ((partdiff (v,xy0,2)) * (y - y0))) + ((proj (1,1)) . (Rv . <*(x - x0),(y - y0)*>))
then gv /. xy =
gv . xy
by A34, PARTFUN1:def 8
.=
(<>* v) /. <*x,y*>
by A19, A34, A48, PARTFUN1:def 8
.=
<*(v /. <*x,y*>)*>
by A19, A34, A48, A42, Lm14
.=
<*(v . <*x,y*>)*>
by A19, A34, A48, A42, PARTFUN1:def 8
;
then
(proj (1,1)) . (gv /. xy) = v . <*x,y*>
by PDIFF_1:1;
then A49:
(v . <*x,y*>) - (v . <*x0,y0*>) =
(proj (1,1)) . ((gv /. xy) - (gv /. gvxy0))
by A44, PDIFF_1:4
.=
(proj (1,1)) . (((diff (gv,gvxy0)) . (xy - gvxy0)) + (Rv /. (xy - gvxy0)))
by A38, A48
.=
((proj (1,1)) . ((diff (gv,gvxy0)) . (xy - gvxy0))) + ((proj (1,1)) . (Rv /. (xy - gvxy0)))
by PDIFF_1:4
;
(x - x0) * e1 =
<*((x - x0) * 1),((x - x0) * 0)*>
by Lm12
.=
<*(x - x0),0*>
;
then ((x - x0) * e1) + ((y - y0) * e2) =
<*((x - x0) + 0),(0 + (y - y0))*>
by A46, Lm11
.=
<*(x - x0),(y - y0)*>
;
then (diff (gv,gvxy0)) . (xy - gvxy0) =
((diff (gv,gvxy0)) . ((x - x0) * e1)) + ((diff (gv,gvxy0)) . ((y - y0) * e2))
by A47, A45, GRCAT_1:def 13
.=
((x - x0) * ((diff (gv,gvxy0)) . e1)) + ((diff (gv,gvxy0)) . ((y - y0) * e2))
by A45, LOPBAN_1:def 6
.=
((x - x0) * ((diff (gv,gvxy0)) . e1)) + ((y - y0) * ((diff (gv,gvxy0)) . e2))
by A45, LOPBAN_1:def 6
;
hence (v . <*x,y*>) - (v . <*x0,y0*>) =
(((proj (1,1)) . ((x - x0) * ((diff (gv,gvxy0)) . e1))) + ((proj (1,1)) . ((y - y0) * ((diff (gv,gvxy0)) . e2)))) + ((proj (1,1)) . (Rv /. (xy - gvxy0)))
by A49, PDIFF_1:4
.=
(((x - x0) * ((proj (1,1)) . ((diff (gv,gvxy0)) . e1))) + ((proj (1,1)) . ((y - y0) * ((diff (gv,gvxy0)) . e2)))) + ((proj (1,1)) . (Rv /. (xy - gvxy0)))
by PDIFF_1:4
.=
(((x - x0) * ((proj (1,1)) . ((diff (gv,gvxy0)) . e1))) + ((y - y0) * ((proj (1,1)) . ((diff (gv,gvxy0)) . e2)))) + ((proj (1,1)) . (Rv /. (xy - gvxy0)))
by PDIFF_1:4
.=
(((x - x0) * (partdiff (v,xy0,1))) + ((y - y0) * ((proj (1,1)) . <*(partdiff (v,xy0,2))*>))) + ((proj (1,1)) . (Rv /. (xy - gvxy0)))
by A39, A19, A20, A11, PDIFF_1:1
.=
(((x - x0) * (partdiff (v,xy0,1))) + ((y - y0) * (partdiff (v,xy0,2)))) + ((proj (1,1)) . (Rv /. (xy - gvxy0)))
by PDIFF_1:1
.=
(((partdiff (v,xy0,1)) * (x - x0)) + ((partdiff (v,xy0,2)) * (y - y0))) + ((proj (1,1)) . (Rv . <*(x - x0),(y - y0)*>))
by A47, A41, PARTFUN1:def 8
;
verum
end;
A50:
now let x,
y be
Element of
REAL ;
( x + (y * <i>) in { y where y is Complex : |.(y - z0).| < min ((r1 / 2),(r2 / 2)) } implies (f /. (x + (y * <i>))) - (f /. (x0 + (y0 * <i>))) = (((partdiff (u,xy0,1)) + (<i> * (partdiff (v,xy0,1)))) * ((x - x0) + ((y - y0) * <i>))) + (((proj (1,1)) . (Ru . <*(x - x0),(y - y0)*>)) + (((proj (1,1)) . (Rv . <*(x - x0),(y - y0)*>)) * <i>)) )assume
x + (y * <i>) in { y where y is Complex : |.(y - z0).| < min ((r1 / 2),(r2 / 2)) }
;
(f /. (x + (y * <i>))) - (f /. (x0 + (y0 * <i>))) = (((partdiff (u,xy0,1)) + (<i> * (partdiff (v,xy0,1)))) * ((x - x0) + ((y - y0) * <i>))) + (((proj (1,1)) . (Ru . <*(x - x0),(y - y0)*>)) + (((proj (1,1)) . (Rv . <*(x - x0),(y - y0)*>)) * <i>))then A51:
ex
w being
Complex st
(
w = x + (y * <i>) &
|.(w - z0).| < min (
(r1 / 2),
(r2 / 2)) )
;
<*x,y*> in REAL 2
by FINSEQ_2:121;
then reconsider xy =
<*x,y*> as
Point of
(REAL-NS 2) by REAL_NS1:def 4;
rng v c= dom ((proj (1,1)) ")
by PDIFF_1:2;
then A52:
dom (<>* v) = dom v
by RELAT_1:46;
||.(gvxy0 - gvxy0).|| < r2
by A36, NORMSP_1:10;
then
gvxy0 in { wxy where wxy is Point of (REAL-NS 2) : ||.(wxy - gvxy0).|| < r2 }
;
then
<*x0,y0*> in Nv
by A5, A20, A37;
then A53:
x0 + (y0 * <i>) in dom f
by A1, A19, A34, A52;
then A54:
x0 + (y0 * <i>) in dom (Re f)
by COMSEQ_3:def 3;
A55:
x0 + (y0 * <i>) in dom (Im f)
by A53, COMSEQ_3:def 4;
A56:
f . (x0 + (y0 * <i>)) =
(Re (f . (x0 + (y0 * <i>)))) + ((Im (f . (x0 + (y0 * <i>)))) * <i>)
by COMPLEX1:29
.=
((Re f) . (x0 + (y0 * <i>))) + ((Im (f . (x0 + (y0 * <i>)))) * <i>)
by A54, COMSEQ_3:def 3
.=
((Re f) . (x0 + (y0 * <i>))) + (((Im f) . (x0 + (y0 * <i>))) * <i>)
by A55, COMSEQ_3:def 4
;
abs (y - y0) <= |.((x - x0) + ((y - y0) * <i>)).|
by Lm17;
then A57:
abs (y - y0) < min (
(r1 / 2),
(r2 / 2))
by A4, A51, XXREAL_0:2;
A58:
min (
(r1 / 2),
(r2 / 2))
<= r1 / 2
by XXREAL_0:17;
then A59:
abs (y - y0) < r1 / 2
by A57, XXREAL_0:2;
abs (x - x0) <= |.((x - x0) + ((y - y0) * <i>)).|
by Lm17;
then A60:
abs (x - x0) < min (
(r1 / 2),
(r2 / 2))
by A4, A51, XXREAL_0:2;
then
abs (x - x0) < r1 / 2
by A58, XXREAL_0:2;
then A61:
(abs (x - x0)) + (abs (y - y0)) < (r1 / 2) + (r1 / 2)
by A59, XREAL_1:10;
xy - guxy0 = <*(x - x0),(y - y0)*>
by A5, A13, Lm11;
then
||.(xy - guxy0).|| <= (abs (x - x0)) + (abs (y - y0))
by Lm18;
then
||.(xy - guxy0).|| < r1
by A61, XXREAL_0:2;
then
xy in { wxy where wxy is Point of (REAL-NS 2) : ||.(wxy - guxy0).|| < r1 }
;
then A62:
(u . <*x,y*>) - (u . <*x0,y0*>) =
(((partdiff (u,xy0,1)) * (x - x0)) + ((partdiff (u,xy0,2)) * (y - y0))) + ((proj (1,1)) . (Ru . <*(x - x0),(y - y0)*>))
by A18, A24
.=
(((partdiff (u,xy0,1)) * (x - x0)) + (((<i> * (partdiff (v,xy0,1))) * (y - y0)) * <i>)) + ((proj (1,1)) . (Ru . <*(x - x0),(y - y0)*>))
by A9
;
A63:
min (
(r1 / 2),
(r2 / 2))
<= r2 / 2
by XXREAL_0:17;
then A64:
abs (y - y0) < r2 / 2
by A57, XXREAL_0:2;
abs (x - x0) < r2 / 2
by A63, A60, XXREAL_0:2;
then A65:
(abs (x - x0)) + (abs (y - y0)) < (r2 / 2) + (r2 / 2)
by A64, XREAL_1:10;
xy - gvxy0 = <*(x - x0),(y - y0)*>
by A5, A20, Lm11;
then
||.(xy - gvxy0).|| <= (abs (x - x0)) + (abs (y - y0))
by Lm18;
then
||.(xy - gvxy0).|| < r2
by A65, XXREAL_0:2;
then A66:
xy in { wxy where wxy is Point of (REAL-NS 2) : ||.(wxy - gvxy0).|| < r2 }
;
then A67:
((v . <*x,y*>) - (v . <*x0,y0*>)) * <i> = ((((partdiff (v,xy0,1)) * (x - x0)) + ((partdiff (u,xy0,1)) * (y - y0))) + ((proj (1,1)) . (Rv . <*(x - x0),(y - y0)*>))) * <i>
by A8, A37, A40;
<*x,y*> in Nv
by A37, A66;
then A68:
x + (y * <i>) in dom f
by A1, A19, A34, A52;
then A69:
x + (y * <i>) in dom (Re f)
by COMSEQ_3:def 3;
c1:
(
f /. (x + (y * <i>)) = f . (x + (y * <i>)) &
f /. (x0 + (y0 * <i>)) = f . (x0 + (y0 * <i>)) )
by A53, A68, PARTFUN1:def 8;
A70:
x + (y * <i>) in dom (Im f)
by A68, COMSEQ_3:def 4;
f . (x + (y * <i>)) =
(Re (f . (x + (y * <i>)))) + ((Im (f . (x + (y * <i>)))) * <i>)
by COMPLEX1:29
.=
((Re f) . (x + (y * <i>))) + ((Im (f . (x + (y * <i>)))) * <i>)
by A69, COMSEQ_3:def 3
.=
((Re f) . (x + (y * <i>))) + (((Im f) . (x + (y * <i>))) * <i>)
by A70, COMSEQ_3:def 4
;
then (f . (x + (y * <i>))) - (f . (x0 + (y0 * <i>))) =
((u . <*x,y*>) + (((Im f) . (x + (y * <i>))) * <i>)) - (((Re f) . (x0 + (y0 * <i>))) + (((Im f) . (x0 + (y0 * <i>))) * <i>))
by A2, A68, A56
.=
((u . <*x,y*>) + ((v . <*x,y*>) * <i>)) - (((Re f) . (x0 + (y0 * <i>))) + (((Im f) . (x0 + (y0 * <i>))) * <i>))
by A3, A68
.=
((u . <*x,y*>) + ((v . <*x,y*>) * <i>)) - ((u . <*x0,y0*>) + (((Im f) . (x0 + (y0 * <i>))) * <i>))
by A2, A53
.=
((u . <*x,y*>) + ((v . <*x,y*>) * <i>)) - ((u . <*x0,y0*>) + ((v . <*x0,y0*>) * <i>))
by A3, A53
.=
((u . <*x,y*>) - (u . <*x0,y0*>)) + (((v . <*x,y*>) - (v . <*x0,y0*>)) * <i>)
;
hence
(f /. (x + (y * <i>))) - (f /. (x0 + (y0 * <i>))) = (((partdiff (u,xy0,1)) + (<i> * (partdiff (v,xy0,1)))) * ((x - x0) + ((y - y0) * <i>))) + (((proj (1,1)) . (Ru . <*(x - x0),(y - y0)*>)) + (((proj (1,1)) . (Rv . <*(x - x0),(y - y0)*>)) * <i>))
by c1, A62, A67;
verum end;
A71:
for x, y being Element of REAL st x + (y * <i>) in { y where y is Complex : |.(y - z0).| < min ((r1 / 2),(r2 / 2)) } holds
( abs (x - x0) < r1 / 2 & abs (y - y0) < r1 / 2 & abs (x - x0) < r2 / 2 & abs (y - y0) < r2 / 2 )
proof
let x,
y be
Element of
REAL ;
( x + (y * <i>) in { y where y is Complex : |.(y - z0).| < min ((r1 / 2),(r2 / 2)) } implies ( abs (x - x0) < r1 / 2 & abs (y - y0) < r1 / 2 & abs (x - x0) < r2 / 2 & abs (y - y0) < r2 / 2 ) )
assume
x + (y * <i>) in { y where y is Complex : |.(y - z0).| < min ((r1 / 2),(r2 / 2)) }
;
( abs (x - x0) < r1 / 2 & abs (y - y0) < r1 / 2 & abs (x - x0) < r2 / 2 & abs (y - y0) < r2 / 2 )
then A72:
ex
w being
Complex st
(
w = x + (y * <i>) &
|.(w - z0).| < min (
(r1 / 2),
(r2 / 2)) )
;
abs (x - x0) <= |.((x - x0) + ((y - y0) * <i>)).|
by Lm17;
then A73:
abs (x - x0) < min (
(r1 / 2),
(r2 / 2))
by A4, A72, XXREAL_0:2;
A74:
min (
(r1 / 2),
(r2 / 2))
<= r1 / 2
by XXREAL_0:17;
hence
abs (x - x0) < r1 / 2
by A73, XXREAL_0:2;
( abs (y - y0) < r1 / 2 & abs (x - x0) < r2 / 2 & abs (y - y0) < r2 / 2 )
abs (y - y0) <= |.((x - x0) + ((y - y0) * <i>)).|
by Lm17;
then A75:
abs (y - y0) < min (
(r1 / 2),
(r2 / 2))
by A4, A72, XXREAL_0:2;
hence
abs (y - y0) < r1 / 2
by A74, XXREAL_0:2;
( abs (x - x0) < r2 / 2 & abs (y - y0) < r2 / 2 )
A76:
min (
(r1 / 2),
(r2 / 2))
<= r2 / 2
by XXREAL_0:17;
hence
abs (x - x0) < r2 / 2
by A73, XXREAL_0:2;
abs (y - y0) < r2 / 2
thus
abs (y - y0) < r2 / 2
by A76, A75, XXREAL_0:2;
verum
end;
reconsider N = { y where y is Complex : |.(y - z0).| < min ((r1 / 2),(r2 / 2)) } as Neighbourhood of z0 by A17, A36, CFDIFF_1:6, XXREAL_0:21;
now let z be
set ;
( z in N implies z in dom f )assume A77:
z in N
;
z in dom fthen reconsider zz =
z as
Complex ;
set x =
Re zz;
set y =
Im zz;
(Re zz) + ((Im zz) * <i>) in N
by A77, COMPLEX1:29;
then
(
abs ((Re zz) - x0) < r2 / 2 &
abs ((Im zz) - y0) < r2 / 2 )
by A71;
then A78:
(abs ((Re zz) - x0)) + (abs ((Im zz) - y0)) < (r2 / 2) + (r2 / 2)
by XREAL_1:10;
<*(Re zz),(Im zz)*> in REAL 2
by FINSEQ_2:121;
then reconsider xy =
<*(Re zz),(Im zz)*> as
Point of
(REAL-NS 2) by REAL_NS1:def 4;
xy - gvxy0 = <*((Re zz) - x0),((Im zz) - y0)*>
by A5, A20, Lm11;
then
||.(xy - gvxy0).|| <= (abs ((Re zz) - x0)) + (abs ((Im zz) - y0))
by Lm18;
then
||.(xy - gvxy0).|| < r2
by A78, XXREAL_0:2;
then
xy in { wxy where wxy is Point of (REAL-NS 2) : ||.(wxy - gvxy0).|| < r2 }
;
then A79:
<*(Re zz),(Im zz)*> in Nv
by A37;
rng v c= dom ((proj (1,1)) ")
by PDIFF_1:2;
then
(
z = (Re zz) + ((Im zz) * <i>) &
dom (<>* v) = dom v )
by COMPLEX1:29, RELAT_1:46;
hence
z in dom f
by A1, A19, A34, A79;
verum end;
then A80:
N c= dom f
by TARSKI:def 3;
defpred S1[ Element of COMPLEX , Element of COMPLEX ] means $2 = ((proj (1,1)) . (Ru . <*(Re $1),(Im $1)*>)) + (((proj (1,1)) . (Rv . <*(Re $1),(Im $1)*>)) * <i>);
reconsider a = (partdiff (u,xy0,1)) + (<i> * (partdiff (v,xy0,1))) as Complex by XCMPLX_0:def 2;
deffunc H1( Element of COMPLEX ) -> Element of COMPLEX = a * $1;
consider L being Function of COMPLEX,COMPLEX such that
A81:
for x being Element of COMPLEX holds L . x = H1(x)
from FUNCT_2:sch 4();
for z being Complex holds L /. z = a * z
by A81;
then reconsider L = L as C_LINEAR by CFDIFF_1:def 4;
consider R being Function of COMPLEX,COMPLEX such that
A83:
for z being Element of COMPLEX holds S1[z,R . z]
from FUNCT_2:sch 10(A82);
for h being convergent_to_0 Complex_Sequence holds
( (h ") (#) (R /* h) is convergent & lim ((h ") (#) (R /* h)) = 0 )
proof
let h be
convergent_to_0 Complex_Sequence;
( (h ") (#) (R /* h) is convergent & lim ((h ") (#) (R /* h)) = 0 )
A84:
now let r be
Real;
( 0 < r implies ex M being Element of NAT st
for n being Element of NAT st M <= n holds
|.((((h ") (#) (R /* h)) . n) - 0c).| < r )assume A85:
0 < r
;
ex M being Element of NAT st
for n being Element of NAT st M <= n holds
|.((((h ") (#) (R /* h)) . n) - 0c).| < r
Rv is
total
by NDIFF_1:def 5;
then consider d2 being
Real such that A86:
d2 > 0
and A87:
for
z being
Point of
(REAL-NS 2) st
z <> 0. (REAL-NS 2) &
||.z.|| < d2 holds
(||.z.|| ") * ||.(Rv /. z).|| < r / 2
by A85, NDIFF_1:26;
Ru is
total
by NDIFF_1:def 5;
then consider d1 being
Real such that A88:
d1 > 0
and A89:
for
z being
Point of
(REAL-NS 2) st
z <> 0. (REAL-NS 2) &
||.z.|| < d1 holds
(||.z.|| ") * ||.(Ru /. z).|| < r / 2
by A85, NDIFF_1:26;
set d =
min (
d1,
d2);
(
lim h = 0 &
0 < min (
d1,
d2) )
by A88, A86, CFDIFF_1:def 1, XXREAL_0:21;
then consider M being
Element of
NAT such that A90:
for
n being
Element of
NAT st
M <= n holds
|.((h . n) - 0).| < min (
d1,
d2)
by COMSEQ_2:def 5;
A91:
min (
d1,
d2)
<= d2
by XXREAL_0:17;
A92:
min (
d1,
d2)
<= d1
by XXREAL_0:17;
now let n be
Element of
NAT ;
( M <= n implies |.((((h ") (#) (R /* h)) . n) - 0).| < r )set x =
Re (h . n);
set y =
Im (h . n);
<*(Re (h . n)),(Im (h . n))*> in REAL 2
by FINSEQ_2:121;
then reconsider z =
<*(Re (h . n)),(Im (h . n))*> as
Point of
(REAL-NS 2) by REAL_NS1:def 4;
A93:
z <> 0. (REAL-NS 2)
h . n <> 0
by COMSEQ_1:4;
then A94:
0 < |.(h . n).|
by COMPLEX1:133;
R /. (h . n) = ((proj (1,1)) . (Ru . <*(Re (h . n)),(Im (h . n))*>)) + (((proj (1,1)) . (Rv . <*(Re (h . n)),(Im (h . n))*>)) * <i>)
by A83;
then A95:
(|.(h . n).| ") * |.(R /. (h . n)).| <= (|.(h . n).| ") * ((abs ((proj (1,1)) . (Ru . <*(Re (h . n)),(Im (h . n))*>))) + (abs ((proj (1,1)) . (Rv . <*(Re (h . n)),(Im (h . n))*>))))
by A94, Lm16, XREAL_1:66;
Ru is
total
by NDIFF_1:def 5;
then
dom Ru = the
carrier of
(REAL-NS 2)
by PARTFUN1:def 4;
then A96:
abs ((proj (1,1)) . (Ru . <*(Re (h . n)),(Im (h . n))*>)) =
abs ((proj (1,1)) . (Ru /. z))
by PARTFUN1:def 8
.=
||.(Ru /. z).||
by Lm22
;
Rv is
total
by NDIFF_1:def 5;
then
dom Rv = the
carrier of
(REAL-NS 2)
by PARTFUN1:def 4;
then A97:
abs ((proj (1,1)) . (Rv . <*(Re (h . n)),(Im (h . n))*>)) =
abs ((proj (1,1)) . (Rv /. z))
by PARTFUN1:def 8
.=
||.(Rv /. z).||
by Lm22
;
h . n = (Re (h . n)) + ((Im (h . n)) * <i>)
by COMPLEX1:29;
then A98:
||.z.|| = |.(h . n).|
by Lm15;
assume
M <= n
;
|.((((h ") (#) (R /* h)) . n) - 0).| < rthen A99:
|.((h . n) - 0).| < min (
d1,
d2)
by A90;
then
||.z.|| < d2
by A91, A98, XXREAL_0:2;
then A100:
(||.z.|| ") * ||.(Rv /. z).|| < r / 2
by A87, A93;
||.z.|| < d1
by A92, A99, A98, XXREAL_0:2;
then
(||.z.|| ") * ||.(Ru /. z).|| < r / 2
by A89, A93;
then
((|.(h . n).| ") * (abs ((proj (1,1)) . (Ru . <*(Re (h . n)),(Im (h . n))*>)))) + ((|.(h . n).| ") * (abs ((proj (1,1)) . (Rv . <*(Re (h . n)),(Im (h . n))*>)))) < (r / 2) + (r / 2)
by A98, A100, A96, A97, XREAL_1:10;
then
(|.(h . n).| ") * |.(R /. (h . n)).| < r
by A95, XXREAL_0:2;
then
|.((h . n) ").| * |.(R /. (h . n)).| < r
by COMPLEX1:152;
then A101:
|.(((h . n) ") * (R /. (h . n))).| < r
by COMPLEX1:151;
dom R = COMPLEX
by FUNCT_2:def 1;
then
rng h c= dom R
;
then
|.(((h . n) ") * ((R /* h) . n)).| < r
by A101, FUNCT_2:186;
then
|.(((h ") . n) * ((R /* h) . n)).| < r
by VALUED_1:10;
hence
|.((((h ") (#) (R /* h)) . n) - 0).| < r
by VALUED_1:5;
verum end; hence
ex
M being
Element of
NAT st
for
n being
Element of
NAT st
M <= n holds
|.((((h ") (#) (R /* h)) . n) - 0c).| < r
;
verum end;
then
(h ") (#) (R /* h) is
convergent
by COMSEQ_2:def 4;
hence
(
(h ") (#) (R /* h) is
convergent &
lim ((h ") (#) (R /* h)) = 0 )
by A84, COMSEQ_2:def 5;
verum
end;
then reconsider R = R as C_REST by CFDIFF_1:def 3;
now let z be
Complex;
( z in N implies (f /. z) - (f /. z0) = (L /. (z - z0)) + (R /. (z - z0)) )set x =
Re z;
set y =
Im z;
A102:
z = (Re z) + ((Im z) * <i>)
by COMPLEX1:29;
then A103:
z - z0 = ((Re z) - x0) + (((Im z) - y0) * <i>)
by A4;
then
Re (z - z0) = (Re z) - x0
by COMPLEX1:28;
then A104:
<*(Re (z - z0)),(Im (z - z0))*> = <*((Re z) - x0),((Im z) - y0)*>
by A103, COMPLEX1:28;
assume
z in N
;
(f /. z) - (f /. z0) = (L /. (z - z0)) + (R /. (z - z0))hence (f /. z) - (f /. z0) =
(((partdiff (u,xy0,1)) + (<i> * (partdiff (v,xy0,1)))) * (((Re z) - x0) + (((Im z) - y0) * <i>))) + (((proj (1,1)) . (Ru . <*((Re z) - x0),((Im z) - y0)*>)) + (((proj (1,1)) . (Rv . <*((Re z) - x0),((Im z) - y0)*>)) * <i>))
by A4, A50, A102
.=
(L /. (z - z0)) + (((proj (1,1)) . (Ru . <*((Re z) - x0),((Im z) - y0)*>)) + (((proj (1,1)) . (Rv . <*((Re z) - x0),((Im z) - y0)*>)) * <i>))
by A4, A81, A102
.=
(L /. (z - z0)) + (R /. (z - z0))
by A83, A104
;
verum end;
then
f is_differentiable_in z0
by A80, CFDIFF_1:def 6;
hence
( f is_differentiable_in z0 & u is_partial_differentiable_in xy0,1 & u is_partial_differentiable_in xy0,2 & v is_partial_differentiable_in xy0,1 & v is_partial_differentiable_in xy0,2 & Re (diff (f,z0)) = partdiff (u,xy0,1) & Re (diff (f,z0)) = partdiff (v,xy0,2) & Im (diff (f,z0)) = - (partdiff (u,xy0,2)) & Im (diff (f,z0)) = partdiff (v,xy0,1) )
by A2, A3, A4, A5, Th2; verum