let x0 be Real; for f being PartFunc of REAL ,REAL st f is_left_convergent_in x0 & f is_right_convergent_in x0 & lim_left f,x0 = lim_right f,x0 holds
( f is_convergent_in x0 & lim f,x0 = lim_left f,x0 & lim f,x0 = lim_right f,x0 )
let f be PartFunc of REAL ,REAL ; ( f is_left_convergent_in x0 & f is_right_convergent_in x0 & lim_left f,x0 = lim_right f,x0 implies ( f is_convergent_in x0 & lim f,x0 = lim_left f,x0 & lim f,x0 = lim_right f,x0 ) )
assume that
A1:
f is_left_convergent_in x0
and
A2:
f is_right_convergent_in x0
and
A3:
lim_left f,x0 = lim_right f,x0
; ( f is_convergent_in x0 & lim f,x0 = lim_left f,x0 & lim f,x0 = lim_right f,x0 )
A4:
now let s be
Real_Sequence;
( s is convergent & lim s = x0 & rng s c= (dom f) \ {x0} implies ( f /* s is convergent & lim (f /* s) = lim_left f,x0 ) )assume that A5:
s is
convergent
and A6:
lim s = x0
and A7:
rng s c= (dom f) \ {x0}
;
( f /* s is convergent & lim (f /* s) = lim_left f,x0 )now per cases
( ex k being Element of NAT st
for n being Element of NAT st k <= n holds
s . n < x0 or for k being Element of NAT ex n being Element of NAT st
( k <= n & s . n >= x0 ) )
;
suppose
ex
k being
Element of
NAT st
for
n being
Element of
NAT st
k <= n holds
s . n < x0
;
( f /* s is convergent & lim (f /* s) = lim_left f,x0 )then consider k being
Element of
NAT such that A8:
for
n being
Element of
NAT st
k <= n holds
s . n < x0
;
A9:
rng s c= dom f
by A7, XBOOLE_1:1;
A10:
rng (s ^\ k) c= (dom f) /\ (left_open_halfline x0)
A13:
f /* (s ^\ k) = (f /* s) ^\ k
by A7, VALUED_0:27, XBOOLE_1:1;
A14:
lim (s ^\ k) = x0
by A5, A6, SEQ_4:33;
then A15:
f /* (s ^\ k) is
convergent
by A1, A3, A5, A10, LIMFUNC2:def 7;
hence
f /* s is
convergent
by A13, SEQ_4:35;
lim (f /* s) = lim_left f,x0
lim (f /* (s ^\ k)) = lim_left f,
x0
by A1, A5, A14, A10, LIMFUNC2:def 7;
hence
lim (f /* s) = lim_left f,
x0
by A15, A13, SEQ_4:36;
verum end; suppose A16:
for
k being
Element of
NAT ex
n being
Element of
NAT st
(
k <= n &
s . n >= x0 )
;
( f /* s is convergent & lim (f /* s) = lim_left f,x0 )now per cases
( ex k being Element of NAT st
for n being Element of NAT st k <= n holds
x0 < s . n or for k being Element of NAT ex n being Element of NAT st
( k <= n & x0 >= s . n ) )
;
suppose
ex
k being
Element of
NAT st
for
n being
Element of
NAT st
k <= n holds
x0 < s . n
;
( f /* s is convergent & lim (f /* s) = lim_left f,x0 )then consider k being
Element of
NAT such that A17:
for
n being
Element of
NAT st
k <= n holds
s . n > x0
;
A18:
rng s c= dom f
by A7, XBOOLE_1:1;
A19:
rng (s ^\ k) c= (dom f) /\ (right_open_halfline x0)
A22:
f /* (s ^\ k) = (f /* s) ^\ k
by A7, VALUED_0:27, XBOOLE_1:1;
A23:
lim (s ^\ k) = x0
by A5, A6, SEQ_4:33;
then A24:
f /* (s ^\ k) is
convergent
by A2, A3, A5, A19, LIMFUNC2:def 8;
hence
f /* s is
convergent
by A22, SEQ_4:35;
lim (f /* s) = lim_left f,x0
lim (f /* (s ^\ k)) = lim_left f,
x0
by A2, A3, A5, A23, A19, LIMFUNC2:def 8;
hence
lim (f /* s) = lim_left f,
x0
by A24, A22, SEQ_4:36;
verum end; suppose A25:
for
k being
Element of
NAT ex
n being
Element of
NAT st
(
k <= n &
x0 >= s . n )
;
( f /* s is convergent & lim (f /* s) = lim_left f,x0 )set GR =
lim_left f,
x0;
defpred S1[
set ,
set ]
means for
n,
m being
Element of
NAT st $1
= n & $2
= m holds
(
n < m &
s . m < x0 & ( for
k being
Element of
NAT st
n < k &
s . k < x0 holds
m <= k ) );
defpred S2[
Element of
NAT ,
set ,
set ]
means S1[$2,$3];
defpred S3[
Nat]
means s . $1
< x0;
then
ex
m1 being
Element of
NAT st
(
0 <= m1 &
s . m1 < x0 )
;
then A29:
ex
m being
Nat st
S3[
m]
;
consider M being
Nat such that A30:
(
S3[
M] & ( for
n being
Nat st
S3[
n] holds
M <= n ) )
from NAT_1:sch 5(A29);
reconsider M9 =
M as
Element of
NAT by ORDINAL1:def 13;
A34:
for
n,
x being
Element of
NAT ex
y being
Element of
NAT st
S2[
n,
x,
y]
consider F being
Function of
NAT ,
NAT such that A37:
(
F . 0 = M9 & ( for
n being
Element of
NAT holds
S2[
n,
F . n,
F . (n + 1)] ) )
from RECDEF_1:sch 2(A34);
A38:
rng F c= NAT
by RELAT_1:def 19;
then A39:
rng F c= REAL
by XBOOLE_1:1;
A40:
dom F = NAT
by FUNCT_2:def 1;
then reconsider F =
F as
Real_Sequence by A39, RELSET_1:11;
then reconsider F =
F as
V33()
sequence of
NAT by SEQM_3:def 11;
A43:
s * F is
subsequence of
s
by VALUED_0:def 17;
then
rng (s * F) c= rng s
by VALUED_0:21;
then A44:
rng (s * F) c= (dom f) \ {x0}
by A7, XBOOLE_1:1;
defpred S4[
Nat]
means (
s . $1
< x0 & ( for
m being
Element of
NAT holds
F . m <> $1 ) );
A45:
for
n being
Element of
NAT st
s . n < x0 holds
ex
m being
Element of
NAT st
F . m = n
defpred S5[
Nat]
means s . $1
> x0;
then
ex
mn being
Element of
NAT st
(
0 <= mn &
s . mn > x0 )
;
then A63:
ex
m being
Nat st
S5[
m]
;
consider N being
Nat such that A64:
(
S5[
N] & ( for
n being
Nat st
S5[
n] holds
N <= n ) )
from NAT_1:sch 5(A63);
A65:
for
n being
Element of
NAT holds
(s * F) . n < x0
A68:
rng (s * F) c= (dom f) /\ (left_open_halfline x0)
defpred S6[
set ,
set ]
means for
n,
m being
Element of
NAT st $1
= n & $2
= m holds
(
n < m &
s . m > x0 & ( for
k being
Element of
NAT st
n < k &
s . k > x0 holds
m <= k ) );
defpred S7[
Element of
NAT ,
set ,
set ]
means S6[$2,$3];
A72:
s * F is
convergent
by A5, A43, SEQ_4:29;
reconsider N9 =
N as
Element of
NAT by ORDINAL1:def 13;
A76:
for
n,
x being
Element of
NAT ex
y being
Element of
NAT st
S7[
n,
x,
y]
consider G being
Function of
NAT ,
NAT such that A79:
(
G . 0 = N9 & ( for
n being
Element of
NAT holds
S7[
n,
G . n,
G . (n + 1)] ) )
from RECDEF_1:sch 2(A76);
A80:
rng G c= NAT
by RELAT_1:def 19;
then A81:
rng G c= REAL
by XBOOLE_1:1;
A82:
dom G = NAT
by FUNCT_2:def 1;
then reconsider G =
G as
Real_Sequence by A81, RELSET_1:11;
then reconsider G =
G as
V33()
sequence of
NAT by SEQM_3:def 11;
A85:
s * G is
subsequence of
s
by VALUED_0:def 17;
then
rng (s * G) c= rng s
by VALUED_0:21;
then A86:
rng (s * G) c= (dom f) \ {x0}
by A7, XBOOLE_1:1;
A87:
lim (s * F) = x0
by A5, A6, A43, SEQ_4:30;
then A88:
lim (f /* (s * F)) = lim_left f,
x0
by A1, A72, A68, LIMFUNC2:def 7;
A89:
f /* (s * F) is
convergent
by A1, A3, A72, A87, A68, LIMFUNC2:def 7;
A90:
s * G is
convergent
by A5, A85, SEQ_4:29;
defpred S8[
Nat]
means (
s . $1
> x0 & ( for
m being
Element of
NAT holds
G . m <> $1 ) );
A91:
for
n being
Element of
NAT st
s . n > x0 holds
ex
m being
Element of
NAT st
G . m = n
A106:
for
n being
Element of
NAT holds
(s * G) . n > x0
A109:
rng (s * G) c= (dom f) /\ (right_open_halfline x0)
A113:
lim (s * G) = x0
by A5, A6, A85, SEQ_4:30;
then A114:
lim (f /* (s * G)) = lim_left f,
x0
by A2, A3, A90, A109, LIMFUNC2:def 8;
A115:
f /* (s * G) is
convergent
by A2, A3, A90, A113, A109, LIMFUNC2:def 8;
A116:
now let r be
real number ;
( 0 < r implies ex n being Element of NAT st
for k being Element of NAT st n <= k holds
abs (((f /* s) . k) - (lim_left f,x0)) < r )assume A117:
0 < r
;
ex n being Element of NAT st
for k being Element of NAT st n <= k holds
abs (((f /* s) . k) - (lim_left f,x0)) < rthen consider n1 being
Element of
NAT such that A118:
for
k being
Element of
NAT st
n1 <= k holds
abs (((f /* (s * F)) . k) - (lim_left f,x0)) < r
by A89, A88, SEQ_2:def 7;
consider n2 being
Element of
NAT such that A119:
for
k being
Element of
NAT st
n2 <= k holds
abs (((f /* (s * G)) . k) - (lim_left f,x0)) < r
by A115, A114, A117, SEQ_2:def 7;
take n =
max (F . n1),
(G . n2);
for k being Element of NAT st n <= k holds
abs (((f /* s) . k) - (lim_left f,x0)) < rlet k be
Element of
NAT ;
( n <= k implies abs (((f /* s) . k) - (lim_left f,x0)) < r )assume A120:
n <= k
;
abs (((f /* s) . k) - (lim_left f,x0)) < r
s . k in rng s
by VALUED_0:28;
then
not
s . k in {x0}
by A7, XBOOLE_0:def 5;
then A121:
s . k <> x0
by TARSKI:def 1;
now per cases
( s . k < x0 or s . k > x0 )
by A121, XXREAL_0:1;
suppose
s . k < x0
;
abs (((f /* s) . k) - (lim_left f,x0)) < rthen consider l being
Element of
NAT such that A122:
k = F . l
by A45;
F . n1 <= n
by XXREAL_0:25;
then
F . n1 <= k
by A120, XXREAL_0:2;
then
l >= n1
by A122, SEQM_3:7;
then
abs (((f /* (s * F)) . l) - (lim_left f,x0)) < r
by A118;
then
abs ((f . ((s * F) . l)) - (lim_left f,x0)) < r
by A44, FUNCT_2:185, XBOOLE_1:1;
then
abs ((f . (s . k)) - (lim_left f,x0)) < r
by A122, FUNCT_2:21;
hence
abs (((f /* s) . k) - (lim_left f,x0)) < r
by A7, FUNCT_2:185, XBOOLE_1:1;
verum end; suppose
s . k > x0
;
abs (((f /* s) . k) - (lim_left f,x0)) < rthen consider l being
Element of
NAT such that A123:
k = G . l
by A91;
G . n2 <= n
by XXREAL_0:25;
then
G . n2 <= k
by A120, XXREAL_0:2;
then
l >= n2
by A123, SEQM_3:7;
then
abs (((f /* (s * G)) . l) - (lim_left f,x0)) < r
by A119;
then
abs ((f . ((s * G) . l)) - (lim_left f,x0)) < r
by A86, FUNCT_2:185, XBOOLE_1:1;
then
abs ((f . (s . k)) - (lim_left f,x0)) < r
by A123, FUNCT_2:21;
hence
abs (((f /* s) . k) - (lim_left f,x0)) < r
by A7, FUNCT_2:185, XBOOLE_1:1;
verum end; end; end; hence
abs (((f /* s) . k) - (lim_left f,x0)) < r
;
verum end; hence
f /* s is
convergent
by SEQ_2:def 6;
lim (f /* s) = lim_left f,x0hence
lim (f /* s) = lim_left f,
x0
by A116, SEQ_2:def 7;
verum end; end; end; hence
(
f /* s is
convergent &
lim (f /* s) = lim_left f,
x0 )
;
verum end; end; end; hence
(
f /* s is
convergent &
lim (f /* s) = lim_left f,
x0 )
;
verum end;
now let r1,
r2 be
Real;
( r1 < x0 & x0 < r2 implies ex g1, g2 being Real st
( r1 < g1 & g1 < x0 & g1 in dom f & g2 < r2 & x0 < g2 & g2 in dom f ) )assume that A124:
r1 < x0
and A125:
x0 < r2
;
ex g1, g2 being Real st
( r1 < g1 & g1 < x0 & g1 in dom f & g2 < r2 & x0 < g2 & g2 in dom f )consider g1 being
Real such that A126:
r1 < g1
and A127:
g1 < x0
and A128:
g1 in dom f
by A1, A124, LIMFUNC2:def 1;
consider g2 being
Real such that A129:
g2 < r2
and A130:
x0 < g2
and A131:
g2 in dom f
by A2, A125, LIMFUNC2:def 4;
take g1 =
g1;
ex g2 being Real st
( r1 < g1 & g1 < x0 & g1 in dom f & g2 < r2 & x0 < g2 & g2 in dom f )take g2 =
g2;
( r1 < g1 & g1 < x0 & g1 in dom f & g2 < r2 & x0 < g2 & g2 in dom f )thus
(
r1 < g1 &
g1 < x0 &
g1 in dom f &
g2 < r2 &
x0 < g2 &
g2 in dom f )
by A126, A127, A128, A129, A130, A131;
verum end;
hence
f is_convergent_in x0
by A4, Def1; ( lim f,x0 = lim_left f,x0 & lim f,x0 = lim_right f,x0 )
hence
( lim f,x0 = lim_left f,x0 & lim f,x0 = lim_right f,x0 )
by A3, A4, Def4; verum