let x0 be Real; for f being PartFunc of REAL ,REAL holds
( f is_divergent_to+infty_in x0 iff ( ( for r1, r2 being Real st r1 < x0 & x0 < r2 holds
ex g1, g2 being Real st
( r1 < g1 & g1 < x0 & g1 in dom f & g2 < r2 & x0 < g2 & g2 in dom f ) ) & ( for g1 being Real ex g2 being Real st
( 0 < g2 & ( for r1 being Real st 0 < abs (x0 - r1) & abs (x0 - r1) < g2 & r1 in dom f holds
g1 < f . r1 ) ) ) ) )
let f be PartFunc of REAL ,REAL ; ( f is_divergent_to+infty_in x0 iff ( ( for r1, r2 being Real st r1 < x0 & x0 < r2 holds
ex g1, g2 being Real st
( r1 < g1 & g1 < x0 & g1 in dom f & g2 < r2 & x0 < g2 & g2 in dom f ) ) & ( for g1 being Real ex g2 being Real st
( 0 < g2 & ( for r1 being Real st 0 < abs (x0 - r1) & abs (x0 - r1) < g2 & r1 in dom f holds
g1 < f . r1 ) ) ) ) )
thus
( f is_divergent_to+infty_in x0 implies ( ( for r1, r2 being Real st r1 < x0 & x0 < r2 holds
ex g1, g2 being Real st
( r1 < g1 & g1 < x0 & g1 in dom f & g2 < r2 & x0 < g2 & g2 in dom f ) ) & ( for g1 being Real ex g2 being Real st
( 0 < g2 & ( for r1 being Real st 0 < abs (x0 - r1) & abs (x0 - r1) < g2 & r1 in dom f holds
g1 < f . r1 ) ) ) ) )
( ( for r1, r2 being Real st r1 < x0 & x0 < r2 holds
ex g1, g2 being Real st
( r1 < g1 & g1 < x0 & g1 in dom f & g2 < r2 & x0 < g2 & g2 in dom f ) ) & ( for g1 being Real ex g2 being Real st
( 0 < g2 & ( for r1 being Real st 0 < abs (x0 - r1) & abs (x0 - r1) < g2 & r1 in dom f holds
g1 < f . r1 ) ) ) implies f is_divergent_to+infty_in x0 )proof
assume that A1:
f is_divergent_to+infty_in x0
and A2:
( ex
r1,
r2 being
Real st
(
r1 < x0 &
x0 < r2 & ( for
g1,
g2 being
Real holds
( not
r1 < g1 or not
g1 < x0 or not
g1 in dom f or not
g2 < r2 or not
x0 < g2 or not
g2 in dom f ) ) ) or ex
g1 being
Real st
for
g2 being
Real st
0 < g2 holds
ex
r1 being
Real st
(
0 < abs (x0 - r1) &
abs (x0 - r1) < g2 &
r1 in dom f &
f . r1 <= g1 ) )
;
contradiction
consider g1 being
Real such that A3:
for
g2 being
Real st
0 < g2 holds
ex
r1 being
Real st
(
0 < abs (x0 - r1) &
abs (x0 - r1) < g2 &
r1 in dom f &
f . r1 <= g1 )
by A1, A2, Def2;
defpred S1[
Element of
NAT ,
real number ]
means (
0 < abs (x0 - $2) &
abs (x0 - $2) < 1
/ ($1 + 1) & $2
in dom f &
f . $2
<= g1 );
A4:
for
n being
Element of
NAT ex
r1 being
Real st
S1[
n,
r1]
by A3, XREAL_1:141;
consider s being
Real_Sequence such that A5:
for
n being
Element of
NAT holds
S1[
n,
s . n]
from FUNCT_2:sch 3(A4);
A6:
rng s c= (dom f) \ {x0}
by A5, Th2;
A7:
lim s = x0
by A5, Th2;
s is
convergent
by A5, Th2;
then
f /* s is
divergent_to+infty
by A1, A7, A6, Def2;
then consider n being
Element of
NAT such that A8:
for
k being
Element of
NAT st
n <= k holds
g1 < (f /* s) . k
by LIMFUNC1:def 4;
A9:
g1 < (f /* s) . n
by A8;
rng s c= dom f
by A5, Th2;
then
g1 < f . (s . n)
by A9, FUNCT_2:185;
hence
contradiction
by A5;
verum
end;
assume that
A10:
for r1, r2 being Real st r1 < x0 & x0 < r2 holds
ex g1, g2 being Real st
( r1 < g1 & g1 < x0 & g1 in dom f & g2 < r2 & x0 < g2 & g2 in dom f )
and
A11:
for g1 being Real ex g2 being Real st
( 0 < g2 & ( for r1 being Real st 0 < abs (x0 - r1) & abs (x0 - r1) < g2 & r1 in dom f holds
g1 < f . r1 ) )
; f is_divergent_to+infty_in x0
now let s be
Real_Sequence;
( s is convergent & lim s = x0 & rng s c= (dom f) \ {x0} implies f /* s is divergent_to+infty )assume that A12:
s is
convergent
and A13:
lim s = x0
and A14:
rng s c= (dom f) \ {x0}
;
f /* s is divergent_to+infty now let g1 be
Real;
ex n being Element of NAT st
for k being Element of NAT st n <= k holds
g1 < (f /* s) . kconsider g2 being
Real such that A15:
0 < g2
and A16:
for
r1 being
Real st
0 < abs (x0 - r1) &
abs (x0 - r1) < g2 &
r1 in dom f holds
g1 < f . r1
by A11;
consider n being
Element of
NAT such that A17:
for
k being
Element of
NAT st
n <= k holds
(
0 < abs (x0 - (s . k)) &
abs (x0 - (s . k)) < g2 &
s . k in dom f )
by A12, A13, A14, A15, Th3;
take n =
n;
for k being Element of NAT st n <= k holds
g1 < (f /* s) . klet k be
Element of
NAT ;
( n <= k implies g1 < (f /* s) . k )assume A18:
n <= k
;
g1 < (f /* s) . kthen A19:
abs (x0 - (s . k)) < g2
by A17;
A20:
s . k in dom f
by A17, A18;
0 < abs (x0 - (s . k))
by A17, A18;
then
g1 < f . (s . k)
by A16, A19, A20;
hence
g1 < (f /* s) . k
by A14, FUNCT_2:185, XBOOLE_1:1;
verum end; hence
f /* s is
divergent_to+infty
by LIMFUNC1:def 4;
verum end;
hence
f is_divergent_to+infty_in x0
by A10, Def2; verum