let a, b be real number ; ( a <= b implies Closed-Interval-TSpace a,b is compact )
set M = Closed-Interval-MSpace a,b;
assume A1:
a <= b
; Closed-Interval-TSpace a,b is compact
reconsider a = a, b = b as Real by XREAL_0:def 1;
set r = b - a;
now per cases
( b - a = 0 or b - a > 0 )
by A1, XREAL_1:50;
suppose A2:
b - a > 0
;
Closed-Interval-TSpace a,b is compact A3:
TopSpaceMetr (Closed-Interval-MSpace a,b) = Closed-Interval-TSpace a,
b
by TOPMETR:def 8;
assume
not
Closed-Interval-TSpace a,
b is
compact
;
contradictionthen
not
Closed-Interval-MSpace a,
b is
compact
by A3, TOPMETR:def 6;
then consider F being
Subset-Family of
(Closed-Interval-MSpace a,b) such that A4:
F is
being_ball-family
and A5:
F is
Cover of
(Closed-Interval-MSpace a,b)
and A6:
for
G being
Subset-Family of
(Closed-Interval-MSpace a,b) holds
( not
G c= F or not
G is
Cover of
(Closed-Interval-MSpace a,b) or not
G is
finite )
by TOPMETR:23;
defpred S1[
Element of
NAT ,
Element of
REAL ,
Element of
REAL ]
means ( ( ( for
G being
Subset-Family of
(Closed-Interval-MSpace a,b) holds
( not
G c= F or not
[.($2 - ((b - a) / (2 |^ ($1 + 1)))),$2.] c= union G or not
G is
finite ) ) implies $3
= $2
- ((b - a) / (2 |^ ($1 + 2))) ) & ( ex
G being
Subset-Family of
(Closed-Interval-MSpace a,b) st
(
G c= F &
[.($2 - ((b - a) / (2 |^ ($1 + 1)))),$2.] c= union G &
G is
finite ) implies $3
= $2
+ ((b - a) / (2 |^ ($1 + 2))) ) );
A7:
for
n being
Element of
NAT for
p being
Real ex
w being
Real st
S1[
n,
p,
w]
consider f being
Function of
NAT ,
REAL such that A10:
f . 0 = (a + b) / 2
and A11:
for
n being
Element of
NAT holds
S1[
n,
f . n,
f . (n + 1)]
from RECDEF_1:sch 2(A7);
defpred S2[
Element of
NAT ]
means for
G being
Subset-Family of
(Closed-Interval-MSpace a,b) holds
( not
G c= F or not
[.((f . $1) - ((b - a) / (2 |^ ($1 + 1)))),((f . $1) + ((b - a) / (2 |^ ($1 + 1)))).] c= union G or not
G is
finite );
A12:
(f . 0 ) + ((b - a) / (2 |^ (0 + 1))) =
((a + b) / 2) + ((b - a) / 2)
by A10, NEWTON:10
.=
b
;
defpred S3[
Element of
NAT ]
means (
a <= (f . $1) - ((b - a) / (2 |^ ($1 + 1))) &
(f . $1) + ((b - a) / (2 |^ ($1 + 1))) <= b );
A13:
for
n being
Element of
NAT holds
(
f . (n + 1) = (f . n) + ((b - a) / (2 |^ (n + 2))) or
f . (n + 1) = (f . n) - ((b - a) / (2 |^ (n + 2))) )
A14:
for
k being
Element of
NAT st
S3[
k] holds
S3[
k + 1]
A24:
(f . 0 ) - ((b - a) / (2 |^ (0 + 1))) =
((a + b) / 2) - ((b - a) / 2)
by A10, NEWTON:10
.=
a
;
then A25:
S3[
0 ]
by A12;
A26:
for
k being
Element of
NAT holds
S3[
k]
from NAT_1:sch 1(A25, A14);
A27:
rng f c= [.a,b.]
A32:
for
k being
Element of
NAT st
S2[
k] holds
S2[
k + 1]
proof
let k be
Element of
NAT ;
( S2[k] implies S2[k + 1] )
assume A33:
S2[
k]
;
S2[k + 1]
given G being
Subset-Family of
(Closed-Interval-MSpace a,b) such that A34:
G c= F
and A35:
[.((f . (k + 1)) - ((b - a) / (2 |^ ((k + 1) + 1)))),((f . (k + 1)) + ((b - a) / (2 |^ ((k + 1) + 1)))).] c= union G
and A36:
G is
finite
;
contradiction
A37:
(b - a) / (2 |^ (k + (1 + 1))) =
(b - a) / (2 |^ ((k + 1) + 1))
.=
(b - a) / ((2 |^ (k + 1)) * 2)
by NEWTON:11
.=
((b - a) / (2 |^ (k + 1))) / 2
by XCMPLX_1:79
;
now per cases
( ex G being Subset-Family of (Closed-Interval-MSpace a,b) st
( G c= F & [.((f . k) - ((b - a) / (2 |^ (k + 1)))),(f . k).] c= union G & G is finite ) or for G being Subset-Family of (Closed-Interval-MSpace a,b) holds
( not G c= F or not [.((f . k) - ((b - a) / (2 |^ (k + 1)))),(f . k).] c= union G or not G is finite ) )
;
suppose A38:
ex
G being
Subset-Family of
(Closed-Interval-MSpace a,b) st
(
G c= F &
[.((f . k) - ((b - a) / (2 |^ (k + 1)))),(f . k).] c= union G &
G is
finite )
;
contradiction
( 2
|^ (k + 1) > 0 &
b - a >= 0 )
by A1, NEWTON:102, XREAL_1:50;
then
(
(f . k) - ((b - a) / (2 |^ (k + 1))) <= f . k &
f . k <= (f . k) + ((b - a) / (2 |^ (k + 1))) )
by XREAL_1:33, XREAL_1:45;
then A39:
[.((f . k) - ((b - a) / (2 |^ (k + 1)))),((f . k) + ((b - a) / (2 |^ (k + 1)))).] = [.((f . k) - ((b - a) / (2 |^ (k + 1)))),(f . k).] \/ [.(f . k),((f . k) + ((b - a) / (2 |^ (k + 1)))).]
by XXREAL_1:165;
A40:
(f . (k + 1)) - ((b - a) / (2 |^ ((k + 1) + 1))) =
((f . k) + ((b - a) / (2 |^ (k + 2)))) - ((b - a) / (2 |^ (k + (1 + 1))))
by A11, A38
.=
f . k
;
consider G1 being
Subset-Family of
(Closed-Interval-MSpace a,b) such that A41:
G1 c= F
and A42:
[.((f . k) - ((b - a) / (2 |^ (k + 1)))),(f . k).] c= union G1
and A43:
G1 is
finite
by A38;
reconsider G3 =
G1 \/ G as
Subset-Family of
(Closed-Interval-MSpace a,b) ;
(f . (k + 1)) + ((b - a) / (2 |^ ((k + 1) + 1))) =
((f . k) + ((b - a) / (2 |^ (k + 2)))) + ((b - a) / (2 |^ (k + (1 + 1))))
by A11, A38
.=
((f . k) + (((b - a) / (2 |^ (k + 1))) / 2)) + (((b - a) / (2 |^ (k + 1))) / 2)
by A37
.=
(f . k) + ((b - a) / (2 |^ (k + 1)))
;
then
[.((f . k) - ((b - a) / (2 |^ (k + 1)))),((f . k) + ((b - a) / (2 |^ (k + 1)))).] c= (union G1) \/ (union G)
by A35, A42, A40, A39, XBOOLE_1:13;
then
[.((f . k) - ((b - a) / (2 |^ (k + 1)))),((f . k) + ((b - a) / (2 |^ (k + 1)))).] c= union G3
by ZFMISC_1:96;
hence
contradiction
by A33, A34, A36, A41, A43, XBOOLE_1:8;
verum end; end; end;
hence
contradiction
;
verum
end; A46:
the
carrier of
(Closed-Interval-MSpace a,b) = [.a,b.]
by A1, TOPMETR:14;
A47:
S2[
0 ]
proof
given G being
Subset-Family of
(Closed-Interval-MSpace a,b) such that A48:
G c= F
and A49:
[.((f . 0 ) - ((b - a) / (2 |^ (0 + 1)))),((f . 0 ) + ((b - a) / (2 |^ (0 + 1)))).] c= union G
and A50:
G is
finite
;
contradiction
the
carrier of
(Closed-Interval-MSpace a,b) c= union G
by A1, A24, A12, A49, TOPMETR:14;
then
G is
Cover of
(Closed-Interval-MSpace a,b)
by SETFAM_1:def 12;
hence
contradiction
by A6, A48, A50;
verum
end; reconsider f =
f as
Real_Sequence ;
[.a,b.] is
compact
by RCOMP_1:24;
then consider s being
Real_Sequence such that A51:
s is
subsequence of
f
and A52:
s is
convergent
and A53:
lim s in [.a,b.]
by A27, RCOMP_1:def 3;
reconsider ls =
lim s as
Point of
(Closed-Interval-MSpace a,b) by A1, A53, TOPMETR:14;
consider Nseq being
V36()
sequence of
NAT such that A54:
s = f * Nseq
by A51, VALUED_0:def 17;
the
carrier of
(Closed-Interval-MSpace a,b) c= union F
by A5, SETFAM_1:def 12;
then consider Z being
set such that A55:
lim s in Z
and A56:
Z in F
by A53, A46, TARSKI:def 4;
consider p being
Point of
(Closed-Interval-MSpace a,b),
r0 being
Real such that A57:
Z = Ball p,
r0
by A4, A56, TOPMETR:def 4;
set G =
{(Ball p,r0)};
{(Ball p,r0)} c= bool the
carrier of
(Closed-Interval-MSpace a,b)
then reconsider G =
{(Ball p,r0)} as
Subset-Family of
(Closed-Interval-MSpace a,b) ;
A58:
G c= F
by A56, A57, ZFMISC_1:37;
reconsider Ns =
Nseq as
Real_Sequence by RELSET_1:17;
not
Ns is
bounded_above
then A60:
2
to_power Ns is
divergent_to+infty
by Th9, LIMFUNC1:58;
then A61:
(2 to_power Ns) " is
convergent
by LIMFUNC1:61;
consider r1 being
Real such that A62:
r1 > 0
and A63:
Ball ls,
r1 c= Ball p,
r0
by A55, A57, PCOMPS_1:30;
A64:
r1 / 2
> 0
by A62, XREAL_1:141;
then consider n being
Element of
NAT such that A65:
for
m being
Element of
NAT st
m >= n holds
abs ((s . m) - (lim s)) < r1 / 2
by A52, SEQ_2:def 7;
A66:
for
m being
Element of
NAT for
q being
Point of
(Closed-Interval-MSpace a,b) st
s . m = q &
m >= n holds
dist ls,
q < r1 / 2
proof
let m be
Element of
NAT ;
for q being Point of (Closed-Interval-MSpace a,b) st s . m = q & m >= n holds
dist ls,q < r1 / 2let q be
Point of
(Closed-Interval-MSpace a,b);
( s . m = q & m >= n implies dist ls,q < r1 / 2 )
assume that A67:
s . m = q
and A68:
m >= n
;
dist ls,q < r1 / 2
abs ((s . m) - (lim s)) < r1 / 2
by A65, A68;
then A69:
abs (- ((s . m) - (lim s))) < r1 / 2
by COMPLEX1:138;
dist ls,
q =
the
distance of
(Closed-Interval-MSpace a,b) . (lim s),
(s . m)
by A67, METRIC_1:def 1
.=
the
distance of
RealSpace . ls,
q
by A67, TOPMETR:def 1
.=
abs ((lim s) - (s . m))
by A67, METRIC_1:def 13, METRIC_1:def 14
;
hence
dist ls,
q < r1 / 2
by A69;
verum
end; A70:
for
m being
Element of
NAT st
m >= n holds
(f * Nseq) . m in Ball ls,
(r1 / 2)
proof
let m be
Element of
NAT ;
( m >= n implies (f * Nseq) . m in Ball ls,(r1 / 2) )
assume A71:
m >= n
;
(f * Nseq) . m in Ball ls,(r1 / 2)
(
dom f = NAT &
s . m = f . (Nseq . m) )
by A54, FUNCT_2:21, FUNCT_2:def 1;
then
s . m in rng f
by FUNCT_1:def 5;
then reconsider q =
s . m as
Point of
(Closed-Interval-MSpace a,b) by A1, A27, TOPMETR:14;
dist ls,
q < r1 / 2
by A66, A71;
hence
(f * Nseq) . m in Ball ls,
(r1 / 2)
by A54, METRIC_1:12;
verum
end;
lim ((2 to_power Ns) " ) = 0
by A60, LIMFUNC1:61;
then A72:
lim ((b - a) (#) ((2 to_power Ns) " )) =
(b - a) * 0
by A61, SEQ_2:22
.=
0
;
(b - a) (#) ((2 to_power Ns) " ) is
convergent
by A61, SEQ_2:21;
then consider i being
Element of
NAT such that A73:
for
m being
Element of
NAT st
i <= m holds
abs ((((b - a) (#) ((2 to_power Ns) " )) . m) - 0 ) < r1 / 2
by A64, A72, SEQ_2:def 7;
set l =
(i + 1) + n;
A74:
(i + 1) + n = (n + 1) + i
;
[.((s . ((i + 1) + n)) - ((b - a) * ((2 |^ ((Nseq . ((i + 1) + n)) + 1)) " ))),((s . ((i + 1) + n)) + ((b - a) * ((2 |^ ((Nseq . ((i + 1) + n)) + 1)) " ))).] c= Ball ls,
r1
proof
abs ((((b - a) (#) ((2 to_power Ns) " )) . ((i + 1) + n)) - 0 ) < r1 / 2
by A73, A74, NAT_1:11;
then
abs ((b - a) * (((2 to_power Ns) " ) . ((i + 1) + n))) < r1 / 2
by SEQ_1:13;
then
abs ((b - a) * (((2 to_power Ns) . ((i + 1) + n)) " )) < r1 / 2
by VALUED_1:10;
then
abs ((b - a) * ((2 to_power (Ns . ((i + 1) + n))) " )) < r1 / 2
by Def1;
then A75:
abs ((b - a) * ((2 |^ (Nseq . ((i + 1) + n))) " )) < r1 / 2
by POWER:46;
( 2
|^ ((Nseq . ((i + 1) + n)) + 1) = 2
* (2 |^ (Nseq . ((i + 1) + n))) & 2
|^ (Nseq . ((i + 1) + n)) > 0 )
by NEWTON:11, NEWTON:102;
then
1
/ (2 |^ ((Nseq . ((i + 1) + n)) + 1)) < (2 |^ (Nseq . ((i + 1) + n))) "
by XREAL_1:90, XREAL_1:157;
then A76:
(b - a) * ((2 |^ ((Nseq . ((i + 1) + n)) + 1)) " ) < (b - a) * ((2 |^ (Nseq . ((i + 1) + n))) " )
by A2, XREAL_1:70;
( 2
|^ ((Nseq . ((i + 1) + n)) + 1) > 0 &
b - a >= 0 )
by A1, NEWTON:102, XREAL_1:50;
then
abs ((b - a) * ((2 |^ ((Nseq . ((i + 1) + n)) + 1)) " )) = (b - a) * ((2 |^ ((Nseq . ((i + 1) + n)) + 1)) " )
by ABSVALUE:def 1;
then
abs ((b - a) * ((2 |^ ((Nseq . ((i + 1) + n)) + 1)) " )) < abs ((b - a) * ((2 |^ (Nseq . ((i + 1) + n))) " ))
by A76, ABSVALUE:12;
then A77:
abs ((b - a) * ((2 |^ ((Nseq . ((i + 1) + n)) + 1)) " )) < r1 / 2
by A75, XXREAL_0:2;
( 2
|^ ((Nseq . ((i + 1) + n)) + 1) > 0 &
b - a >= 0 )
by A1, NEWTON:102, XREAL_1:50;
then A78:
(b - a) * ((2 |^ ((Nseq . ((i + 1) + n)) + 1)) " ) < r1 / 2
by A77, ABSVALUE:def 1;
A79:
s . ((i + 1) + n) in Ball ls,
(r1 / 2)
by A54, A70, NAT_1:11;
then reconsider sl =
s . ((i + 1) + n) as
Point of
(Closed-Interval-MSpace a,b) ;
dist ls,
sl < r1 / 2
by A79, METRIC_1:12;
then A80:
abs ((lim s) - (s . ((i + 1) + n))) < r1 / 2
by Th1;
let z be
set ;
TARSKI:def 3 ( not z in [.((s . ((i + 1) + n)) - ((b - a) * ((2 |^ ((Nseq . ((i + 1) + n)) + 1)) " ))),((s . ((i + 1) + n)) + ((b - a) * ((2 |^ ((Nseq . ((i + 1) + n)) + 1)) " ))).] or z in Ball ls,r1 )
A81:
the
carrier of
(Closed-Interval-MSpace a,b) = [.a,b.]
by A1, TOPMETR:14;
assume
z in [.((s . ((i + 1) + n)) - ((b - a) * ((2 |^ ((Nseq . ((i + 1) + n)) + 1)) " ))),((s . ((i + 1) + n)) + ((b - a) * ((2 |^ ((Nseq . ((i + 1) + n)) + 1)) " ))).]
;
z in Ball ls,r1
then
z in { m where m is Real : ( (s . ((i + 1) + n)) - ((b - a) * ((2 |^ ((Nseq . ((i + 1) + n)) + 1)) " )) <= m & m <= (s . ((i + 1) + n)) + ((b - a) * ((2 |^ ((Nseq . ((i + 1) + n)) + 1)) " )) ) }
by RCOMP_1:def 1;
then consider x being
Real such that A82:
x = z
and A83:
(s . ((i + 1) + n)) - ((b - a) * ((2 |^ ((Nseq . ((i + 1) + n)) + 1)) " )) <= x
and A84:
x <= (s . ((i + 1) + n)) + ((b - a) * ((2 |^ ((Nseq . ((i + 1) + n)) + 1)) " ))
;
(f . (Nseq . ((i + 1) + n))) - ((b - a) / (2 |^ ((Nseq . ((i + 1) + n)) + 1))) >= a
by A26;
then
(s . ((i + 1) + n)) - ((b - a) * ((2 |^ ((Nseq . ((i + 1) + n)) + 1)) " )) >= a
by A54, FUNCT_2:21;
then A85:
x >= a
by A83, XXREAL_0:2;
(f . (Nseq . ((i + 1) + n))) + ((b - a) / (2 |^ ((Nseq . ((i + 1) + n)) + 1))) <= b
by A26;
then
(s . ((i + 1) + n)) + ((b - a) * ((2 |^ ((Nseq . ((i + 1) + n)) + 1)) " )) <= b
by A54, FUNCT_2:21;
then
x <= b
by A84, XXREAL_0:2;
then
x in { m where m is Real : ( a <= m & m <= b ) }
by A85;
then reconsider x9 =
x as
Point of
(Closed-Interval-MSpace a,b) by A81, RCOMP_1:def 1;
abs ((lim s) - x) = abs (((lim s) - (s . ((i + 1) + n))) + ((s . ((i + 1) + n)) - x))
;
then A86:
abs ((lim s) - x) <= (abs ((lim s) - (s . ((i + 1) + n)))) + (abs ((s . ((i + 1) + n)) - x))
by COMPLEX1:142;
x - (s . ((i + 1) + n)) <= (b - a) * ((2 |^ ((Nseq . ((i + 1) + n)) + 1)) " )
by A84, XREAL_1:22;
then A87:
- (x - (s . ((i + 1) + n))) >= - ((b - a) * ((2 |^ ((Nseq . ((i + 1) + n)) + 1)) " ))
by XREAL_1:26;
s . ((i + 1) + n) <= ((b - a) * ((2 |^ ((Nseq . ((i + 1) + n)) + 1)) " )) + x
by A83, XREAL_1:22;
then
(s . ((i + 1) + n)) - x <= (b - a) * ((2 |^ ((Nseq . ((i + 1) + n)) + 1)) " )
by XREAL_1:22;
then
abs ((s . ((i + 1) + n)) - x) <= (b - a) * ((2 |^ ((Nseq . ((i + 1) + n)) + 1)) " )
by A87, ABSVALUE:12;
then
abs ((s . ((i + 1) + n)) - x) < r1 / 2
by A78, XXREAL_0:2;
then
(abs ((lim s) - (s . ((i + 1) + n)))) + (abs ((s . ((i + 1) + n)) - x)) < (r1 / 2) + (r1 / 2)
by A80, XREAL_1:10;
then
abs ((lim s) - x) < (r1 / 2) + (r1 / 2)
by A86, XXREAL_0:2;
then
dist ls,
x9 < r1
by Th1;
hence
z in Ball ls,
r1
by A82, METRIC_1:12;
verum
end; then
[.((s . ((i + 1) + n)) - ((b - a) / (2 |^ ((Nseq . ((i + 1) + n)) + 1)))),((s . ((i + 1) + n)) + ((b - a) * ((2 |^ ((Nseq . ((i + 1) + n)) + 1)) " ))).] c= Ball p,
r0
by A63, XBOOLE_1:1;
then
[.((f . (Nseq . ((i + 1) + n))) - ((b - a) / (2 |^ ((Nseq . ((i + 1) + n)) + 1)))),((s . ((i + 1) + n)) + ((b - a) / (2 |^ ((Nseq . ((i + 1) + n)) + 1)))).] c= Ball p,
r0
by A54, FUNCT_2:21;
then
[.((f . (Nseq . ((i + 1) + n))) - ((b - a) / (2 |^ ((Nseq . ((i + 1) + n)) + 1)))),((f . (Nseq . ((i + 1) + n))) + ((b - a) / (2 |^ ((Nseq . ((i + 1) + n)) + 1)))).] c= Ball p,
r0
by A54, FUNCT_2:21;
then A88:
[.((f . (Nseq . ((i + 1) + n))) - ((b - a) / (2 |^ ((Nseq . ((i + 1) + n)) + 1)))),((f . (Nseq . ((i + 1) + n))) + ((b - a) / (2 |^ ((Nseq . ((i + 1) + n)) + 1)))).] c= union G
by ZFMISC_1:31;
for
k being
Element of
NAT holds
S2[
k]
from NAT_1:sch 1(A47, A32);
hence
contradiction
by A58, A88;
verum end; end; end;
hence
Closed-Interval-TSpace a,b is compact
; verum