let p, g be Real; for f being PartFunc of REAL ,REAL st p <= g & [.p,g.] c= dom f & f | [.p,g.] is continuous holds
for r being Real st r in [.(f . p),(f . g).] \/ [.(f . g),(f . p).] holds
ex s being Real st
( s in [.p,g.] & r = f . s )
let f be PartFunc of REAL ,REAL ; ( p <= g & [.p,g.] c= dom f & f | [.p,g.] is continuous implies for r being Real st r in [.(f . p),(f . g).] \/ [.(f . g),(f . p).] holds
ex s being Real st
( s in [.p,g.] & r = f . s ) )
assume that
A1:
p <= g
and
A2:
[.p,g.] c= dom f
and
A3:
f | [.p,g.] is continuous
; for r being Real st r in [.(f . p),(f . g).] \/ [.(f . g),(f . p).] holds
ex s being Real st
( s in [.p,g.] & r = f . s )
let r be Real; ( r in [.(f . p),(f . g).] \/ [.(f . g),(f . p).] implies ex s being Real st
( s in [.p,g.] & r = f . s ) )
assume A4:
r in [.(f . p),(f . g).] \/ [.(f . g),(f . p).]
; ex s being Real st
( s in [.p,g.] & r = f . s )
A5:
[.p,g.] is compact
by RCOMP_1:24;
A6:
( f . p < f . g implies ex s being Real st
( s in [.p,g.] & r = f . s ) )
proof
reconsider f1 =
[.p,g.] --> r as
Function of
[.p,g.],
REAL by FUNCOP_1:57;
assume that A7:
f . p < f . g
and A8:
for
s being
Real st
s in [.p,g.] holds
r <> f . s
;
contradiction
[.(f . p),(f . g).] \/ [.(f . g),(f . p).] =
[.(f . p),(f . g).] \/ {}
by A7, XXREAL_1:29
.=
[.(f . p),(f . g).]
;
then
r in { s where s is Real : ( f . p <= s & s <= f . g ) }
by A4, RCOMP_1:def 1;
then A9:
ex
s being
Real st
(
s = r &
f . p <= s &
s <= f . g )
;
p in { s where s is Real : ( p <= s & s <= g ) }
by A1;
then
p in [.p,g.]
by RCOMP_1:def 1;
then A10:
r <> f . p
by A8;
reconsider f1 =
f1 as
PartFunc of
REAL ,
REAL ;
A11:
dom f1 = [.p,g.]
by FUNCOP_1:19;
then A12:
[.p,g.] c= (dom f1) /\ (dom f)
by A2, XBOOLE_1:19;
then A13:
[.p,g.] c= dom (f1 - f)
by VALUED_1:12;
A14:
(abs (f1 - f)) " {0 } = {}
A18:
dom ((abs (f1 - f)) ^ ) =
(dom (abs (f1 - f))) \ ((abs (f1 - f)) " {0 })
by RFUNCT_1:def 8
.=
dom (f1 - f)
by A14, VALUED_1:def 11
.=
[.p,g.] /\ (dom f)
by A11, VALUED_1:12
.=
[.p,g.]
by A2, XBOOLE_1:28
;
for
x0 being
Real st
x0 in [.p,g.] /\ (dom f1) holds
f1 . x0 = r
by A11, FUNCOP_1:13;
then
f1 | [.p,g.] is
constant
by PARTFUN2:76;
then
(f1 - f) | [.p,g.] is
continuous
by A3, A12, FCONT_1:19;
then
(abs (f1 - f)) | [.p,g.] is
continuous
by A13, FCONT_1:22;
then
((abs (f1 - f)) ^ ) | [.p,g.] is
continuous
by A14, FCONT_1:23;
then
((abs (f1 - f)) ^ ) .: [.p,g.] is
bounded
by A5, A18, FCONT_1:30, RCOMP_1:28;
then consider M being
real number such that A19:
for
x1 being
real number st
x1 in ((abs (f1 - f)) ^ ) .: [.p,g.] holds
x1 <= M
by SEQ_4:def 1;
0 + 0 < (abs M) + 1
by COMPLEX1:132, XREAL_1:10;
then
0 < ((abs M) + 1) "
;
then A20:
0 < 1
/ ((abs M) + 1)
by XCMPLX_1:217;
f | [.p,g.] is
uniformly_continuous
by A2, A3, Th11, RCOMP_1:24;
then consider s being
Real such that A21:
0 < s
and A22:
for
x1,
x2 being
Real st
x1 in dom (f | [.p,g.]) &
x2 in dom (f | [.p,g.]) &
abs (x1 - x2) < s holds
abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) < 1
/ ((abs M) + 1)
by A20, Th1;
A23:
now let x1 be
Real;
( x1 in [.p,g.] implies 1 / ((abs M) + 1) < abs (r - (f . x1)) )assume A24:
x1 in [.p,g.]
;
1 / ((abs M) + 1) < abs (r - (f . x1))then
((abs (f1 - f)) ^ ) . x1 in ((abs (f1 - f)) ^ ) .: [.p,g.]
by A18, FUNCT_1:def 12;
then
((abs (f1 - f)) ^ ) . x1 <= M
by A19;
then
((abs (f1 - f)) . x1) " <= M
by A18, A24, RFUNCT_1:def 8;
then A25:
(abs ((f1 - f) . x1)) " <= M
by VALUED_1:18;
x1 in (dom f1) /\ (dom f)
by A2, A11, A24, XBOOLE_0:def 4;
then
x1 in dom (f1 - f)
by VALUED_1:12;
then
(abs ((f1 . x1) - (f . x1))) " <= M
by A25, VALUED_1:13;
then A26:
(abs (r - (f . x1))) " <= M
by A24, FUNCOP_1:13;
r - (f . x1) <> 0
by A8, A24;
then A27:
0 < abs (r - (f . x1))
by COMPLEX1:133;
M + 0 < (abs M) + 1
by ABSVALUE:11, XREAL_1:10;
then
(abs (r - (f . x1))) " < (abs M) + 1
by A26, XXREAL_0:2;
then
1
/ ((abs M) + 1) < 1
/ ((abs (r - (f . x1))) " )
by A27, XREAL_1:78;
hence
1
/ ((abs M) + 1) < abs (r - (f . x1))
by XCMPLX_1:218;
verum end;
now per cases
( p = g or p <> g )
;
suppose
p = g
;
contradictionhence
contradiction
by A7;
verum end; suppose
p <> g
;
contradictionthen
p < g
by A1, XXREAL_0:1;
then A28:
0 < g - p
by XREAL_1:52;
then A29:
0 < (g - p) / s
by A21, XREAL_1:141;
consider k being
Element of
NAT such that A30:
(g - p) / s < k
by SEQ_4:10;
((g - p) / s) * s < s * k
by A21, A30, XREAL_1:70;
then
g - p < s * k
by A21, XCMPLX_1:88;
then
(g - p) / k < (s * k) / k
by A30, A29, XREAL_1:76;
then
(g - p) / k < (s * k) * (k " )
by XCMPLX_0:def 9;
then
(g - p) / k < s * (k * (k " ))
;
then A31:
(g - p) / k < s * 1
by A30, A29, XCMPLX_0:def 7;
deffunc H1(
Element of
NAT )
-> Element of
REAL =
p + (((g - p) / k) * $1);
consider s1 being
Real_Sequence such that A32:
for
n being
Element of
NAT holds
s1 . n = H1(
n)
from SEQ_1:sch 1();
A33:
0 < (g - p) / k
by A28, A30, A29, XREAL_1:141;
A34:
now let n be
Element of
NAT ;
( n < k implies ( s1 . n in [.p,g.] & s1 . (n + 1) in [.p,g.] & abs ((f . (s1 . (n + 1))) - (f . (s1 . n))) < 1 / ((abs M) + 1) ) )A35:
dom (f | [.p,g.]) = [.p,g.]
by A2, RELAT_1:91;
assume A36:
n < k
;
( s1 . n in [.p,g.] & s1 . (n + 1) in [.p,g.] & abs ((f . (s1 . (n + 1))) - (f . (s1 . n))) < 1 / ((abs M) + 1) )then
((g - p) / k) * n < ((g - p) / k) * k
by A33, XREAL_1:70;
then
((g - p) / k) * n < g - p
by A30, A29, XCMPLX_1:88;
then
p + (((g - p) / k) * n) < p + (g - p)
by XREAL_1:8;
then A37:
s1 . n < p + (g - p)
by A32;
n + 1
<= k
by A36, NAT_1:13;
then
((g - p) / k) * (n + 1) <= ((g - p) / k) * k
by A28, XREAL_1:66;
then
((g - p) / k) * (n + 1) <= g - p
by A30, A29, XCMPLX_1:88;
then
p + (((g - p) / k) * (n + 1)) <= p + (g - p)
by XREAL_1:9;
then A38:
s1 . (n + 1) <= p + (g - p)
by A32;
p + 0 <= p + (((g - p) / k) * n)
by A28, XREAL_1:9;
then
p <= s1 . n
by A32;
then
s1 . n in { x2 where x2 is Real : ( p <= x2 & x2 <= g ) }
by A37;
hence A39:
s1 . n in [.p,g.]
by RCOMP_1:def 1;
( s1 . (n + 1) in [.p,g.] & abs ((f . (s1 . (n + 1))) - (f . (s1 . n))) < 1 / ((abs M) + 1) )
p + 0 <= p + (((g - p) / k) * (n + 1))
by A28, XREAL_1:9;
then
p <= s1 . (n + 1)
by A32;
then
s1 . (n + 1) in { x2 where x2 is Real : ( p <= x2 & x2 <= g ) }
by A38;
hence A40:
s1 . (n + 1) in [.p,g.]
by RCOMP_1:def 1;
abs ((f . (s1 . (n + 1))) - (f . (s1 . n))) < 1 / ((abs M) + 1) abs ((s1 . (n + 1)) - (s1 . n)) =
abs ((p + (((g - p) / k) * (n + 1))) - (s1 . n))
by A32
.=
abs ((p + (((g - p) / k) * (n + 1))) - (p + (((g - p) / k) * n)))
by A32
.=
(g - p) / k
by A28, ABSVALUE:def 1
;
hence
abs ((f . (s1 . (n + 1))) - (f . (s1 . n))) < 1
/ ((abs M) + 1)
by A22, A31, A39, A40, A35;
verum end; defpred S1[
Nat]
means r <= f . (s1 . $1);
A41:
s1 . k =
p + (((g - p) / k) * k)
by A32
.=
p + (g - p)
by A30, A29, XCMPLX_1:88
.=
g
;
then A42:
ex
n being
Nat st
S1[
n]
by A9;
consider l being
Nat such that A43:
(
S1[
l] & ( for
m being
Nat st
S1[
m] holds
l <= m ) )
from NAT_1:sch 5(A42);
s1 . 0 =
p + (((g - p) / k) * 0 )
by A32
.=
p
;
then
l <> 0
by A9, A10, A43, XXREAL_0:1;
then consider l1 being
Nat such that A44:
l = l1 + 1
by NAT_1:6;
reconsider l1 =
l1 as
Element of
NAT by ORDINAL1:def 13;
A45:
r - (f . (s1 . l1)) <= (f . (s1 . (l1 + 1))) - (f . (s1 . l1))
by A43, A44, XREAL_1:11;
l1 + 1
<= k
by A9, A41, A43, A44;
then A46:
l1 < k
by NAT_1:13;
then A47:
abs ((f . (s1 . (l1 + 1))) - (f . (s1 . l1))) < 1
/ ((abs M) + 1)
by A34;
f . (s1 . l1) < r
then A48:
0 < r - (f . (s1 . l1))
by XREAL_1:52;
then
0 < (f . (s1 . (l1 + 1))) - (f . (s1 . l1))
by A43, A44, XREAL_1:11;
then
abs ((f . (s1 . (l1 + 1))) - (f . (s1 . l1))) = (f . (s1 . (l1 + 1))) - (f . (s1 . l1))
by ABSVALUE:def 1;
then A49:
abs (r - (f . (s1 . l1))) <= abs ((f . (s1 . (l1 + 1))) - (f . (s1 . l1)))
by A48, A45, ABSVALUE:def 1;
s1 . l1 in [.p,g.]
by A34, A46;
hence
contradiction
by A23, A49, A47, XXREAL_0:2;
verum end; end; end;
hence
contradiction
;
verum
end;
A50:
( f . g < f . p implies ex s being Real st
( s in [.p,g.] & r = f . s ) )
proof
reconsider f1 =
[.p,g.] --> r as
Function of
[.p,g.],
REAL by FUNCOP_1:57;
assume that A51:
f . g < f . p
and A52:
for
s being
Real st
s in [.p,g.] holds
r <> f . s
;
contradiction
[.(f . p),(f . g).] \/ [.(f . g),(f . p).] =
{} \/ [.(f . g),(f . p).]
by A51, XXREAL_1:29
.=
[.(f . g),(f . p).]
;
then
r in { s where s is Real : ( f . g <= s & s <= f . p ) }
by A4, RCOMP_1:def 1;
then A53:
ex
s being
Real st
(
s = r &
f . g <= s &
s <= f . p )
;
g in { s where s is Real : ( p <= s & s <= g ) }
by A1;
then
g in [.p,g.]
by RCOMP_1:def 1;
then A54:
r <> f . g
by A52;
reconsider f1 =
f1 as
PartFunc of
REAL ,
REAL ;
A55:
dom f1 = [.p,g.]
by FUNCOP_1:19;
then A56:
[.p,g.] c= (dom f1) /\ (dom f)
by A2, XBOOLE_1:19;
then A57:
[.p,g.] c= dom (f1 - f)
by VALUED_1:12;
A58:
(abs (f1 - f)) " {0 } = {}
A62:
dom ((abs (f1 - f)) ^ ) =
(dom (abs (f1 - f))) \ ((abs (f1 - f)) " {0 })
by RFUNCT_1:def 8
.=
dom (f1 - f)
by A58, VALUED_1:def 11
.=
[.p,g.] /\ (dom f)
by A55, VALUED_1:12
.=
[.p,g.]
by A2, XBOOLE_1:28
;
for
x0 being
Real st
x0 in [.p,g.] /\ (dom f1) holds
f1 . x0 = r
by A55, FUNCOP_1:13;
then
f1 | [.p,g.] is
constant
by PARTFUN2:76;
then
(f1 - f) | [.p,g.] is
continuous
by A3, A56, FCONT_1:19;
then
(abs (f1 - f)) | [.p,g.] is
continuous
by A57, FCONT_1:22;
then
((abs (f1 - f)) ^ ) | [.p,g.] is
continuous
by A58, FCONT_1:23;
then
((abs (f1 - f)) ^ ) .: [.p,g.] is
bounded
by A5, A62, FCONT_1:30, RCOMP_1:28;
then consider M being
real number such that A63:
for
x1 being
real number st
x1 in ((abs (f1 - f)) ^ ) .: [.p,g.] holds
x1 <= M
by SEQ_4:def 1;
0 + 0 < (abs M) + 1
by COMPLEX1:132, XREAL_1:10;
then
0 < ((abs M) + 1) "
;
then A64:
0 < 1
/ ((abs M) + 1)
by XCMPLX_1:217;
f | [.p,g.] is
uniformly_continuous
by A2, A3, Th11, RCOMP_1:24;
then consider s being
Real such that A65:
0 < s
and A66:
for
x1,
x2 being
Real st
x1 in dom (f | [.p,g.]) &
x2 in dom (f | [.p,g.]) &
abs (x1 - x2) < s holds
abs ((f . x1) - (f . x2)) < 1
/ ((abs M) + 1)
by A64, Th1;
A67:
now let x1 be
Real;
( x1 in [.p,g.] implies 1 / ((abs M) + 1) < abs (r - (f . x1)) )assume A68:
x1 in [.p,g.]
;
1 / ((abs M) + 1) < abs (r - (f . x1))then
((abs (f1 - f)) ^ ) . x1 in ((abs (f1 - f)) ^ ) .: [.p,g.]
by A62, FUNCT_1:def 12;
then
((abs (f1 - f)) ^ ) . x1 <= M
by A63;
then
((abs (f1 - f)) . x1) " <= M
by A62, A68, RFUNCT_1:def 8;
then A69:
(abs ((f1 - f) . x1)) " <= M
by VALUED_1:18;
x1 in (dom f1) /\ (dom f)
by A2, A55, A68, XBOOLE_0:def 4;
then
x1 in dom (f1 - f)
by VALUED_1:12;
then
(abs ((f1 . x1) - (f . x1))) " <= M
by A69, VALUED_1:13;
then A70:
(abs (r - (f . x1))) " <= M
by A68, FUNCOP_1:13;
r - (f . x1) <> 0
by A52, A68;
then A71:
0 < abs (r - (f . x1))
by COMPLEX1:133;
M + 0 < (abs M) + 1
by ABSVALUE:11, XREAL_1:10;
then
(abs (r - (f . x1))) " < (abs M) + 1
by A70, XXREAL_0:2;
then
1
/ ((abs M) + 1) < 1
/ ((abs (r - (f . x1))) " )
by A71, XREAL_1:78;
hence
1
/ ((abs M) + 1) < abs (r - (f . x1))
by XCMPLX_1:218;
verum end;
now per cases
( p = g or p <> g )
;
suppose
p = g
;
contradictionhence
contradiction
by A51;
verum end; suppose
p <> g
;
contradictionthen
p < g
by A1, XXREAL_0:1;
then A72:
0 < g - p
by XREAL_1:52;
then A73:
0 < (g - p) / s
by A65, XREAL_1:141;
consider k being
Element of
NAT such that A74:
(g - p) / s < k
by SEQ_4:10;
((g - p) / s) * s < s * k
by A65, A74, XREAL_1:70;
then
g - p < s * k
by A65, XCMPLX_1:88;
then
(g - p) / k < (s * k) / k
by A74, A73, XREAL_1:76;
then
(g - p) / k < (s * k) * (k " )
by XCMPLX_0:def 9;
then
(g - p) / k < s * (k * (k " ))
;
then A75:
(g - p) / k < s * 1
by A74, A73, XCMPLX_0:def 7;
deffunc H1(
Element of
NAT )
-> Element of
REAL =
g - (((g - p) / k) * $1);
consider s1 being
Real_Sequence such that A76:
for
n being
Element of
NAT holds
s1 . n = H1(
n)
from SEQ_1:sch 1();
A77:
0 < (g - p) / k
by A72, A74, A73, XREAL_1:141;
A78:
now let n be
Element of
NAT ;
( n < k implies ( s1 . n in [.p,g.] & s1 . (n + 1) in [.p,g.] & abs ((f . (s1 . (n + 1))) - (f . (s1 . n))) < 1 / ((abs M) + 1) ) )A79:
dom (f | [.p,g.]) = [.p,g.]
by A2, RELAT_1:91;
assume A80:
n < k
;
( s1 . n in [.p,g.] & s1 . (n + 1) in [.p,g.] & abs ((f . (s1 . (n + 1))) - (f . (s1 . n))) < 1 / ((abs M) + 1) )then
((g - p) / k) * n < ((g - p) / k) * k
by A77, XREAL_1:70;
then
((g - p) / k) * n < g - p
by A74, A73, XCMPLX_1:88;
then
g - (g - p) < g - (((g - p) / k) * n)
by XREAL_1:17;
then A81:
g - (g - p) < s1 . n
by A76;
n + 1
<= k
by A80, NAT_1:13;
then
((g - p) / k) * (n + 1) <= ((g - p) / k) * k
by A72, XREAL_1:66;
then
((g - p) / k) * (n + 1) <= g - p
by A74, A73, XCMPLX_1:88;
then
g - (g - p) <= g - (((g - p) / k) * (n + 1))
by XREAL_1:15;
then A82:
g - (g - p) <= s1 . (n + 1)
by A76;
g - (((g - p) / k) * n) <= g - 0
by A72, XREAL_1:15;
then
s1 . n <= g
by A76;
then
s1 . n in { x2 where x2 is Real : ( p <= x2 & x2 <= g ) }
by A81;
hence A83:
s1 . n in [.p,g.]
by RCOMP_1:def 1;
( s1 . (n + 1) in [.p,g.] & abs ((f . (s1 . (n + 1))) - (f . (s1 . n))) < 1 / ((abs M) + 1) )
g - (((g - p) / k) * (n + 1)) <= g - 0
by A72, XREAL_1:15;
then
s1 . (n + 1) <= g
by A76;
then
s1 . (n + 1) in { x2 where x2 is Real : ( p <= x2 & x2 <= g ) }
by A82;
hence A84:
s1 . (n + 1) in [.p,g.]
by RCOMP_1:def 1;
abs ((f . (s1 . (n + 1))) - (f . (s1 . n))) < 1 / ((abs M) + 1) abs ((s1 . (n + 1)) - (s1 . n)) =
abs ((g - (((g - p) / k) * (n + 1))) - (s1 . n))
by A76
.=
abs ((g - (((g - p) / k) * (n + 1))) - (g - (((g - p) / k) * n)))
by A76
.=
abs (- ((((g - p) / k) * (n + 1)) - (((g - p) / k) * n)))
.=
abs (((g - p) / k) * ((n + 1) - n))
by COMPLEX1:138
.=
(g - p) / k
by A72, ABSVALUE:def 1
;
hence
abs ((f . (s1 . (n + 1))) - (f . (s1 . n))) < 1
/ ((abs M) + 1)
by A66, A75, A83, A84, A79;
verum end; defpred S1[
Nat]
means r <= f . (s1 . $1);
A85:
s1 . k =
g - (((g - p) / k) * k)
by A76
.=
g - (g - p)
by A74, A73, XCMPLX_1:88
.=
p
;
then A86:
ex
n being
Nat st
S1[
n]
by A53;
consider l being
Nat such that A87:
(
S1[
l] & ( for
m being
Nat st
S1[
m] holds
l <= m ) )
from NAT_1:sch 5(A86);
s1 . 0 =
g - (((g - p) / k) * 0 )
by A76
.=
g
;
then
l <> 0
by A53, A54, A87, XXREAL_0:1;
then consider l1 being
Nat such that A88:
l = l1 + 1
by NAT_1:6;
reconsider l1 =
l1 as
Element of
NAT by ORDINAL1:def 13;
A89:
r - (f . (s1 . l1)) <= (f . (s1 . (l1 + 1))) - (f . (s1 . l1))
by A87, A88, XREAL_1:11;
l1 + 1
<= k
by A53, A85, A87, A88;
then A90:
l1 < k
by NAT_1:13;
then A91:
abs ((f . (s1 . (l1 + 1))) - (f . (s1 . l1))) < 1
/ ((abs M) + 1)
by A78;
f . (s1 . l1) < r
then A92:
0 < r - (f . (s1 . l1))
by XREAL_1:52;
then
0 < (f . (s1 . (l1 + 1))) - (f . (s1 . l1))
by A87, A88, XREAL_1:11;
then
abs ((f . (s1 . (l1 + 1))) - (f . (s1 . l1))) = (f . (s1 . (l1 + 1))) - (f . (s1 . l1))
by ABSVALUE:def 1;
then A93:
abs (r - (f . (s1 . l1))) <= abs ((f . (s1 . (l1 + 1))) - (f . (s1 . l1)))
by A92, A89, ABSVALUE:def 1;
s1 . l1 in [.p,g.]
by A78, A90;
hence
contradiction
by A67, A93, A91, XXREAL_0:2;
verum end; end; end;
hence
contradiction
;
verum
end;
( f . p = f . g implies ex s being Real st
( s in [.p,g.] & r = f . s ) )
hence
ex s being Real st
( s in [.p,g.] & r = f . s )
by A6, A50, XXREAL_0:1; verum