let TS be TopSpace; :: thesis: for P being Subset of TS st P is closed holds
( P is boundary iff for Q being Subset of TS st Q <> {} & Q is open holds
ex G being Subset of TS st
( G c= Q & G <> {} & G is open & P misses G ) )

let P be Subset of TS; :: thesis: ( P is closed implies ( P is boundary iff for Q being Subset of TS st Q <> {} & Q is open holds
ex G being Subset of TS st
( G c= Q & G <> {} & G is open & P misses G ) ) )

assume A1: P is closed ; :: thesis: ( P is boundary iff for Q being Subset of TS st Q <> {} & Q is open holds
ex G being Subset of TS st
( G c= Q & G <> {} & G is open & P misses G ) )

hereby :: thesis: ( ( for Q being Subset of TS st Q <> {} & Q is open holds
ex G being Subset of TS st
( G c= Q & G <> {} & G is open & P misses G ) ) implies P is boundary )
assume P is boundary ; :: thesis: for Q being Subset of TS st Q <> {} & Q is open holds
ex G being Subset of TS st
( G c= Q & G <> {} & G is open & P misses G )

then A2: P ` is dense by Def4;
let Q be Subset of TS; :: thesis: ( Q <> {} & Q is open implies ex G being Subset of TS st
( G c= Q & G <> {} & G is open & P misses G ) )

assume that
A3: Q <> {} and
A4: Q is open ; :: thesis: ex G being Subset of TS st
( G c= Q & G <> {} & G is open & P misses G )

P ` meets Q by A2, A3, A4, Th80;
then A5: (P ` ) /\ Q <> {} by XBOOLE_0:def 7;
A6: P misses P ` by XBOOLE_1:79;
P /\ ((P ` ) /\ Q) = (P /\ (P ` )) /\ Q by XBOOLE_1:16
.= ({} TS) /\ Q by A6, XBOOLE_0:def 7
.= {} ;
then A7: P misses (P ` ) /\ Q by XBOOLE_0:def 7;
P ` is open by A1;
then (P ` ) /\ Q is open by A4, Th38;
hence ex G being Subset of TS st
( G c= Q & G <> {} & G is open & P misses G ) by A5, A7, XBOOLE_1:17; :: thesis: verum
end;
assume A8: for Q being Subset of TS st Q <> {} & Q is open holds
ex G being Subset of TS st
( G c= Q & G <> {} & G is open & P misses G ) ; :: thesis: P is boundary
now
let Q be Subset of TS; :: thesis: ( Q <> {} & Q is open implies P ` meets Q )
assume that
A9: Q <> {} and
A10: Q is open ; :: thesis: P ` meets Q
consider G being Subset of TS such that
A11: G c= Q and
A12: G <> {} and
G is open and
A13: P misses G by A8, A9, A10;
G misses (P ` ) ` by A13;
then G c= P ` by SUBSET_1:44;
hence P ` meets Q by A11, A12, XBOOLE_1:67; :: thesis: verum
end;
then P ` is dense by Th80;
hence P is boundary by Def4; :: thesis: verum