let P be non empty Subset of (TOP-REAL 2); :: thesis: ( P is being_simple_closed_curve iff ( ex p1, p2 being Point of (TOP-REAL 2) st
( p1 <> p2 & p1 in P & p2 in P ) & ( for p1, p2 being Point of (TOP-REAL 2) st p1 <> p2 & p1 in P & p2 in P holds
ex P1, P2 being non empty Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st
( P1 is_an_arc_of p1,p2 & P2 is_an_arc_of p1,p2 & P = P1 \/ P2 & P1 /\ P2 = {p1,p2} ) ) ) )
thus
( P is being_simple_closed_curve implies ( ex p1, p2 being Point of (TOP-REAL 2) st
( p1 <> p2 & p1 in P & p2 in P ) & ( for p1, p2 being Point of (TOP-REAL 2) st p1 <> p2 & p1 in P & p2 in P holds
ex P1, P2 being non empty Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st
( P1 is_an_arc_of p1,p2 & P2 is_an_arc_of p1,p2 & P = P1 \/ P2 & P1 /\ P2 = {p1,p2} ) ) ) )
:: thesis: ( ex p1, p2 being Point of (TOP-REAL 2) st
( p1 <> p2 & p1 in P & p2 in P ) & ( for p1, p2 being Point of (TOP-REAL 2) st p1 <> p2 & p1 in P & p2 in P holds
ex P1, P2 being non empty Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st
( P1 is_an_arc_of p1,p2 & P2 is_an_arc_of p1,p2 & P = P1 \/ P2 & P1 /\ P2 = {p1,p2} ) ) implies P is being_simple_closed_curve )proof
assume A1:
P is
being_simple_closed_curve
;
:: thesis: ( ex p1, p2 being Point of (TOP-REAL 2) st
( p1 <> p2 & p1 in P & p2 in P ) & ( for p1, p2 being Point of (TOP-REAL 2) st p1 <> p2 & p1 in P & p2 in P holds
ex P1, P2 being non empty Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st
( P1 is_an_arc_of p1,p2 & P2 is_an_arc_of p1,p2 & P = P1 \/ P2 & P1 /\ P2 = {p1,p2} ) ) )
then consider f being
Function of
((TOP-REAL 2) | R^2-unit_square ),
((TOP-REAL 2) | P) such that A2:
f is
being_homeomorphism
by Def1;
thus
ex
p1,
p2 being
Point of
(TOP-REAL 2) st
(
p1 <> p2 &
p1 in P &
p2 in P )
by A1, Th4;
:: thesis: for p1, p2 being Point of (TOP-REAL 2) st p1 <> p2 & p1 in P & p2 in P holds
ex P1, P2 being non empty Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st
( P1 is_an_arc_of p1,p2 & P2 is_an_arc_of p1,p2 & P = P1 \/ P2 & P1 /\ P2 = {p1,p2} )
let p1,
p2 be
Point of
(TOP-REAL 2);
:: thesis: ( p1 <> p2 & p1 in P & p2 in P implies ex P1, P2 being non empty Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st
( P1 is_an_arc_of p1,p2 & P2 is_an_arc_of p1,p2 & P = P1 \/ P2 & P1 /\ P2 = {p1,p2} ) )
assume that A3:
p1 <> p2
and A4:
p1 in P
and A5:
p2 in P
;
:: thesis: ex P1, P2 being non empty Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st
( P1 is_an_arc_of p1,p2 & P2 is_an_arc_of p1,p2 & P = P1 \/ P2 & P1 /\ P2 = {p1,p2} )
A6:
f is
one-to-one
by A2, TOPS_2:def 5;
A7:
f is
continuous
by A2, TOPS_2:def 5;
A8:
(
rng f = [#] ((TOP-REAL 2) | P) &
dom f = [#] ((TOP-REAL 2) | R^2-unit_square ) )
by A2, TOPS_2:def 5;
then A9:
f " = f "
by A6, TOPS_2:def 4;
then A10:
dom (f " ) = rng f
by A6, FUNCT_1:54;
A11:
f " is
one-to-one
by A6, A9;
A12:
rng (f " ) = dom f
by A6, A9, FUNCT_1:55;
A13:
[#] ((TOP-REAL 2) | P) = P
by PRE_TOPC:def 10;
A14:
(
p1 in dom (f " ) &
p2 in dom (f " ) )
by A4, A5, A8, A10, PRE_TOPC:def 10;
set q1 =
(f " ) . p1;
set q2 =
(f " ) . p2;
set RS =
R^2-unit_square ;
reconsider f =
f as
Function of
((TOP-REAL 2) | R^2-unit_square ),
((TOP-REAL 2) | P) ;
A15:
(
[#] ((TOP-REAL 2) | R^2-unit_square ) c= [#] (TOP-REAL 2) &
rng (f " ) = [#] ((TOP-REAL 2) | R^2-unit_square ) &
(f " ) . p1 in rng (f " ) &
(f " ) . p2 in rng (f " ) )
by A12, A14, FUNCT_1:def 5, FUNCT_2:def 1, PRE_TOPC:def 9;
then reconsider q1 =
(f " ) . p1,
q2 =
(f " ) . p2 as
Point of
(TOP-REAL 2) ;
A16:
q1 <> q2
by A3, A11, A14, FUNCT_1:def 8;
A17:
dom f = the
carrier of
((TOP-REAL 2) | R^2-unit_square )
by FUNCT_2:def 1;
A18:
[#] ((TOP-REAL 2) | R^2-unit_square ) = R^2-unit_square
by PRE_TOPC:def 10;
then
(
q1 in R^2-unit_square &
q2 in R^2-unit_square )
by A12, A14, A17, FUNCT_1:def 5;
then consider Q1,
Q2 being non
empty Subset of
(TOP-REAL 2) such that A19:
(
Q1 is_an_arc_of q1,
q2 &
Q2 is_an_arc_of q1,
q2 )
and A20:
(
R^2-unit_square = Q1 \/ Q2 &
Q1 /\ Q2 = {q1,q2} )
by A16, Th1;
set P1 =
f .: Q1;
set P2 =
f .: Q2;
A21:
(
Q1 c= dom f &
Q2 c= dom f )
by A17, A18, A20, XBOOLE_1:7;
(
f .: Q1 c= rng f &
f .: Q2 c= rng f &
[#] ((TOP-REAL 2) | P) c= [#] (TOP-REAL 2) )
by PRE_TOPC:def 9, RELAT_1:144;
then reconsider P1 =
f .: Q1,
P2 =
f .: Q2 as non
empty Subset of
(TOP-REAL 2) by A21, XBOOLE_1:1;
take
P1
;
:: thesis: ex P2 being non empty Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st
( P1 is_an_arc_of p1,p2 & P2 is_an_arc_of p1,p2 & P = P1 \/ P2 & P1 /\ P2 = {p1,p2} )
take
P2
;
:: thesis: ( P1 is_an_arc_of p1,p2 & P2 is_an_arc_of p1,p2 & P = P1 \/ P2 & P1 /\ P2 = {p1,p2} )
A22:
rng (f | Q1) =
P1
by RELAT_1:148
.=
[#] ((TOP-REAL 2) | P1)
by PRE_TOPC:def 10
.=
the
carrier of
((TOP-REAL 2) | P1)
;
A23:
dom (f | Q1) =
R^2-unit_square /\ Q1
by A17, A18, RELAT_1:90
.=
Q1
by A20, XBOOLE_1:21
.=
[#] ((TOP-REAL 2) | Q1)
by PRE_TOPC:def 10
;
then reconsider F1 =
f | Q1 as
Function of
((TOP-REAL 2) | Q1),
((TOP-REAL 2) | P1) by A22, FUNCT_2:def 1, RELSET_1:11;
[#] ((TOP-REAL 2) | Q1) = Q1
by PRE_TOPC:def 10;
then A24:
(TOP-REAL 2) | Q1 is
SubSpace of
(TOP-REAL 2) | R^2-unit_square
by A18, A20, TOPMETR:4, XBOOLE_1:7;
A25:
rng F1 = [#] ((TOP-REAL 2) | P1)
by A22;
A26:
F1 is
one-to-one
by A6, FUNCT_1:84;
(
Q1 c= f " P1 &
Q2 c= f " P2 &
f " P1 c= Q1 &
f " P2 c= Q2 )
by A6, A17, A18, A20, FUNCT_1:146, FUNCT_1:152, XBOOLE_1:7;
then A27:
(
f " P1 = Q1 &
f " P2 = Q2 )
by XBOOLE_0:def 10;
for
R being
Subset of
((TOP-REAL 2) | P1) st
R is
closed holds
F1 " R is
closed
then A31:
F1 is
continuous
by PRE_TOPC:def 12;
consider ff being
Function of
I[01] ,
((TOP-REAL 2) | Q1) such that A32:
ff is
being_homeomorphism
and
(
ff . 0 = q1 &
ff . 1
= q2 )
by A19, TOPREAL1:def 2;
A33:
I[01] is
compact
by HEINE:11, TOPMETR:27;
reconsider Q1' =
Q1,
Q2' =
Q2 as non
empty Subset of
(TOP-REAL 2) ;
(
ff is
continuous &
rng ff = [#] ((TOP-REAL 2) | Q1) )
by A32, TOPS_2:def 5;
then A34:
(TOP-REAL 2) | Q1' is
compact
by A33, COMPTS_1:23;
A35:
(TOP-REAL 2) | P1 is
T_2
by TOPMETR:3;
(
q1 in {q1,q2} &
{q1,q2} c= Q1 )
by A20, TARSKI:def 2, XBOOLE_1:17;
then A36:
q1 in (dom f) /\ Q1
by A12, A15, XBOOLE_0:def 4;
A37:
p1 =
f . q1
by A6, A9, A10, A14, FUNCT_1:57
.=
F1 . q1
by A36, FUNCT_1:71
;
(
q2 in {q1,q2} &
{q1,q2} c= Q1 )
by A20, TARSKI:def 2, XBOOLE_1:17;
then A38:
q2 in (dom f) /\ Q1
by A12, A15, XBOOLE_0:def 4;
p2 =
f . q2
by A6, A9, A10, A14, FUNCT_1:57
.=
F1 . q2
by A38, FUNCT_1:71
;
hence
P1 is_an_arc_of p1,
p2
by A19, A23, A25, A26, A31, A34, A35, A37, Th3, COMPTS_1:26;
:: thesis: ( P2 is_an_arc_of p1,p2 & P = P1 \/ P2 & P1 /\ P2 = {p1,p2} )
A39:
rng (f | Q2) =
P2
by RELAT_1:148
.=
[#] ((TOP-REAL 2) | P2)
by PRE_TOPC:def 10
.=
the
carrier of
((TOP-REAL 2) | P2)
;
A40:
dom (f | Q2) =
R^2-unit_square /\ Q2
by A17, A18, RELAT_1:90
.=
Q2
by A20, XBOOLE_1:21
.=
[#] ((TOP-REAL 2) | Q2)
by PRE_TOPC:def 10
;
then reconsider F2 =
f | Q2 as
Function of
((TOP-REAL 2) | Q2),
((TOP-REAL 2) | P2) by A39, FUNCT_2:def 1, RELSET_1:11;
[#] ((TOP-REAL 2) | Q2) = Q2
by PRE_TOPC:def 10;
then A41:
(TOP-REAL 2) | Q2 is
SubSpace of
(TOP-REAL 2) | R^2-unit_square
by A18, A20, TOPMETR:4, XBOOLE_1:7;
A42:
rng F2 = [#] ((TOP-REAL 2) | P2)
by A39;
A43:
F2 is
one-to-one
by A6, FUNCT_1:84;
for
R being
Subset of
((TOP-REAL 2) | P2) st
R is
closed holds
F2 " R is
closed
then A47:
F2 is
continuous
by PRE_TOPC:def 12;
consider ff being
Function of
I[01] ,
((TOP-REAL 2) | Q2) such that A48:
ff is
being_homeomorphism
and
(
ff . 0 = q1 &
ff . 1
= q2 )
by A19, TOPREAL1:def 2;
(
ff is
continuous &
rng ff = [#] ((TOP-REAL 2) | Q2) )
by A48, TOPS_2:def 5;
then A49:
(TOP-REAL 2) | Q2' is
compact
by A33, COMPTS_1:23;
A50:
(TOP-REAL 2) | P2 is
T_2
by TOPMETR:3;
(
q1 in {q1,q2} &
{q1,q2} c= Q2 )
by A20, TARSKI:def 2, XBOOLE_1:17;
then A51:
q1 in (dom f) /\ Q2
by A12, A15, XBOOLE_0:def 4;
A52:
p1 = f . q1
by A6, A9, A10, A14, FUNCT_1:57;
then A53:
p1 = F2 . q1
by A51, FUNCT_1:71;
(
q2 in {q1,q2} &
{q1,q2} c= Q2 )
by A20, TARSKI:def 2, XBOOLE_1:17;
then A54:
q2 in (dom f) /\ Q2
by A12, A15, XBOOLE_0:def 4;
A55:
p2 = f . q2
by A6, A9, A10, A14, FUNCT_1:57;
then
p2 = F2 . q2
by A54, FUNCT_1:71;
hence
P2 is_an_arc_of p1,
p2
by A19, A40, A42, A43, A47, A49, A50, A53, Th3, COMPTS_1:26;
:: thesis: ( P = P1 \/ P2 & P1 /\ P2 = {p1,p2} )
thus P =
f .: (Q1 \/ Q2)
by A8, A13, A18, A20, RELAT_1:146
.=
P1 \/ P2
by RELAT_1:153
;
:: thesis: P1 /\ P2 = {p1,p2}
thus P1 /\ P2 =
f .: (Q1 /\ Q2)
by A6, FUNCT_1:121
.=
f .: ({q1} \/ {q2})
by A20, ENUMSET1:41
.=
(Im f,q1) \/ (Im f,q2)
by RELAT_1:153
.=
{p1} \/ (Im f,q2)
by A12, A15, A52, FUNCT_1:117
.=
{p1} \/ {p2}
by A12, A15, A55, FUNCT_1:117
.=
{p1,p2}
by ENUMSET1:41
;
:: thesis: verum
end;
given p1, p2 being Point of (TOP-REAL 2) such that A56:
( p1 <> p2 & p1 in P & p2 in P )
; :: thesis: ( ex p1, p2 being Point of (TOP-REAL 2) st
( p1 <> p2 & p1 in P & p2 in P & ( for P1, P2 being non empty Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) holds
( not P1 is_an_arc_of p1,p2 or not P2 is_an_arc_of p1,p2 or not P = P1 \/ P2 or not P1 /\ P2 = {p1,p2} ) ) ) or P is being_simple_closed_curve )
assume
for p1, p2 being Point of (TOP-REAL 2) st p1 <> p2 & p1 in P & p2 in P holds
ex P1, P2 being non empty Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st
( P1 is_an_arc_of p1,p2 & P2 is_an_arc_of p1,p2 & P = P1 \/ P2 & P1 /\ P2 = {p1,p2} )
; :: thesis: P is being_simple_closed_curve
then
ex P1, P2 being non empty Subset of (TOP-REAL 2) st
( P1 is_an_arc_of p1,p2 & P2 is_an_arc_of p1,p2 & P = P1 \/ P2 & P1 /\ P2 = {p1,p2} )
by A56;
hence
P is being_simple_closed_curve
by A56, Lm27; :: thesis: verum