let n be Element of NAT ; :: thesis: for f being PartFunc of REAL ,REAL
for x0, r being Real st ].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[ c= dom f & 0 < r & f is_differentiable_on n + 1,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[ holds
for x being Real st x in ].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[ holds
ex s being Real st
( 0 < s & s < 1 & f . x = ((Partial_Sums (Taylor f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[,x0,x)) . n) + (((((diff f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[) . (n + 1)) . (x0 + (s * (x - x0)))) * ((x - x0) |^ (n + 1))) / ((n + 1) ! )) )
let f be PartFunc of REAL ,REAL ; :: thesis: for x0, r being Real st ].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[ c= dom f & 0 < r & f is_differentiable_on n + 1,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[ holds
for x being Real st x in ].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[ holds
ex s being Real st
( 0 < s & s < 1 & f . x = ((Partial_Sums (Taylor f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[,x0,x)) . n) + (((((diff f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[) . (n + 1)) . (x0 + (s * (x - x0)))) * ((x - x0) |^ (n + 1))) / ((n + 1) ! )) )
let x0, r be Real; :: thesis: ( ].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[ c= dom f & 0 < r & f is_differentiable_on n + 1,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[ implies for x being Real st x in ].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[ holds
ex s being Real st
( 0 < s & s < 1 & f . x = ((Partial_Sums (Taylor f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[,x0,x)) . n) + (((((diff f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[) . (n + 1)) . (x0 + (s * (x - x0)))) * ((x - x0) |^ (n + 1))) / ((n + 1) ! )) ) )
assume that
A0:
].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[ c= dom f
and
A1:
0 < r
and
A2:
f is_differentiable_on n + 1,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[
; :: thesis: for x being Real st x in ].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[ holds
ex s being Real st
( 0 < s & s < 1 & f . x = ((Partial_Sums (Taylor f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[,x0,x)) . n) + (((((diff f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[) . (n + 1)) . (x0 + (s * (x - x0)))) * ((x - x0) |^ (n + 1))) / ((n + 1) ! )) )
let x be Real; :: thesis: ( x in ].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[ implies ex s being Real st
( 0 < s & s < 1 & f . x = ((Partial_Sums (Taylor f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[,x0,x)) . n) + (((((diff f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[) . (n + 1)) . (x0 + (s * (x - x0)))) * ((x - x0) |^ (n + 1))) / ((n + 1) ! )) ) )
assume A3:
x in ].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[
; :: thesis: ex s being Real st
( 0 < s & s < 1 & f . x = ((Partial_Sums (Taylor f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[,x0,x)) . n) + (((((diff f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[) . (n + 1)) . (x0 + (s * (x - x0)))) * ((x - x0) |^ (n + 1))) / ((n + 1) ! )) )
now per cases
( x < x0 or x = x0 or x > x0 )
by XXREAL_0:1;
case A4:
x < x0
;
:: thesis: ex s being Element of REAL st
( 0 < s & s < 1 & f . x = ((Partial_Sums (Taylor f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[,x0,x)) . n) + (((((diff f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[) . (n + 1)) . (x0 + (s * (x - x0)))) * ((x - x0) |^ (n + 1))) / ((n + 1) ! )) )
abs (x0 - x0) = 0
by ABSVALUE:7;
then
x0 in ].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[
by A1, RCOMP_1:8;
then A5:
[.x,x0.] c= ].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[
by A3, XXREAL_2:def 12;
A6:
].x,x0.[ c= [.x,x0.]
by XXREAL_1:25;
A7:
f is_differentiable_on n,
].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[
by A2, Th23, NAT_1:11;
n <= (n + 1) - 1
;
then
(diff f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[) . n is_differentiable_on ].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[
by A2, Def6;
then
(
].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[ c= dom ((diff f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[) . n) &
((diff f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[) . n) | ].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[ is
continuous )
by FDIFF_1:33, FDIFF_1:def 7;
then A8:
((diff f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[) . n) | [.x,x0.] is
continuous
by A5, FCONT_1:17;
f is_differentiable_on n + 1,
].x,x0.[
by A2, A5, A6, Th31, XBOOLE_1:1;
then consider c being
Real such that A9:
c in ].x,x0.[
and A10:
f . x = ((Partial_Sums (Taylor f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[,x0,x)) . n) + (((((diff f,].x,x0.[) . (n + 1)) . c) * ((x - x0) |^ (n + 1))) / ((n + 1) ! ))
by A4, A5, A7, A8, Th29, A0;
A11:
((diff f,].x,x0.[) . (n + 1)) . c =
(((diff f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[) . (n + 1)) | ].x,x0.[) . c
by A2, A5, A6, Th30, XBOOLE_1:1
.=
((diff f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[) . (n + 1)) . c
by A9, FUNCT_1:72
;
set t =
x0 - x;
A12:
x0 - x > 0
by A4, XREAL_1:52;
take s =
(x0 - c) / (x0 - x);
:: thesis: ( 0 < s & s < 1 & f . x = ((Partial_Sums (Taylor f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[,x0,x)) . n) + (((((diff f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[) . (n + 1)) . (x0 + (s * (x - x0)))) * ((x - x0) |^ (n + 1))) / ((n + 1) ! )) )
c in { p where p is Real : ( x0 - (x0 - x) < p & p < x0 ) }
by A9, RCOMP_1:def 2;
then A13:
ex
g being
Real st
(
g = c &
x0 - (x0 - x) < g &
g < x0 )
;
then
0 < x0 - c
by XREAL_1:52;
then
0 / (x0 - x) < (x0 - c) / (x0 - x)
by A12, XREAL_1:76;
hence
0 < s
;
:: thesis: ( s < 1 & f . x = ((Partial_Sums (Taylor f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[,x0,x)) . n) + (((((diff f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[) . (n + 1)) . (x0 + (s * (x - x0)))) * ((x - x0) |^ (n + 1))) / ((n + 1) ! )) )
(x0 - (x0 - x)) + (x0 - x) < c + (x0 - x)
by A13, XREAL_1:10;
then
x0 - c < x0 - x
by XREAL_1:21;
then
(x0 - c) / (x0 - x) < (x0 - x) / (x0 - x)
by A12, XREAL_1:76;
hence
s < 1
by A12, XCMPLX_1:60;
:: thesis: f . x = ((Partial_Sums (Taylor f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[,x0,x)) . n) + (((((diff f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[) . (n + 1)) . (x0 + (s * (x - x0)))) * ((x - x0) |^ (n + 1))) / ((n + 1) ! ))x0 + (s * (x - x0)) =
x0 - (((x0 - c) / (x0 - x)) * (x0 - x))
.=
x0 - (x0 - c)
by A12, XCMPLX_1:88
.=
c
;
hence
f . x = ((Partial_Sums (Taylor f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[,x0,x)) . n) + (((((diff f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[) . (n + 1)) . (x0 + (s * (x - x0)))) * ((x - x0) |^ (n + 1))) / ((n + 1) ! ))
by A10, A11;
:: thesis: verum end; case A14:
x = x0
;
:: thesis: ex s being Element of REAL st
( 0 < s & s < 1 & ((Partial_Sums (Taylor f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[,x0,x)) . n) + (((((diff f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[) . (n + 1)) . (x0 + (s * (x - x0)))) * ((x - x0) |^ (n + 1))) / ((n + 1) ! )) = f . x )set s = 1
/ 2;
take s = 1
/ 2;
:: thesis: ( 0 < s & s < 1 & ((Partial_Sums (Taylor f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[,x0,x)) . n) + (((((diff f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[) . (n + 1)) . (x0 + (s * (x - x0)))) * ((x - x0) |^ (n + 1))) / ((n + 1) ! )) = f . x )thus
(
0 < s &
s < 1 )
;
:: thesis: ((Partial_Sums (Taylor f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[,x0,x)) . n) + (((((diff f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[) . (n + 1)) . (x0 + (s * (x - x0)))) * ((x - x0) |^ (n + 1))) / ((n + 1) ! )) = f . xset c =
x0 + (s * (x - x0));
thus ((Partial_Sums (Taylor f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[,x0,x)) . n) + (((((diff f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[) . (n + 1)) . (x0 + (s * (x - x0)))) * ((x - x0) |^ (n + 1))) / ((n + 1) ! )) =
(f . x) + (((((diff f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[) . (n + 1)) . (x0 + (s * (x - x0)))) * ((x - x) |^ (n + 1))) / ((n + 1) ! ))
by A3, A14, Th32
.=
(f . x) + (((((diff f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[) . (n + 1)) . (x0 + (s * (x - x0)))) * ((0 |^ n) * 0 )) / ((n + 1) ! ))
by NEWTON:11
.=
f . x
;
:: thesis: verum end; case A15:
x > x0
;
:: thesis: ex s being Element of REAL st
( 0 < s & s < 1 & f . x = ((Partial_Sums (Taylor f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[,x0,x)) . n) + (((((diff f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[) . (n + 1)) . (x0 + (s * (x - x0)))) * ((x - x0) |^ (n + 1))) / ((n + 1) ! )) )
abs (x0 - x0) = 0
by ABSVALUE:7;
then
x0 in ].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[
by A1, RCOMP_1:8;
then A16:
[.x0,x.] c= ].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[
by A3, XXREAL_2:def 12;
A17:
].x0,x.[ c= [.x0,x.]
by XXREAL_1:25;
A18:
f is_differentiable_on n,
].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[
by A2, Th23, NAT_1:11;
n <= (n + 1) - 1
;
then
(diff f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[) . n is_differentiable_on ].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[
by A2, Def6;
then
(
].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[ c= dom ((diff f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[) . n) &
((diff f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[) . n) | ].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[ is
continuous )
by FDIFF_1:33, FDIFF_1:def 7;
then A19:
((diff f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[) . n) | [.x0,x.] is
continuous
by A16, FCONT_1:17;
f is_differentiable_on n + 1,
].x0,x.[
by A2, A16, A17, Th31, XBOOLE_1:1;
then consider c being
Real such that A20:
c in ].x0,x.[
and A21:
f . x = ((Partial_Sums (Taylor f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[,x0,x)) . n) + (((((diff f,].x0,x.[) . (n + 1)) . c) * ((x - x0) |^ (n + 1))) / ((n + 1) ! ))
by A15, A16, A18, A19, Th27, A0;
A22:
((diff f,].x0,x.[) . (n + 1)) . c =
(((diff f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[) . (n + 1)) | ].x0,x.[) . c
by A2, A16, A17, Th30, XBOOLE_1:1
.=
((diff f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[) . (n + 1)) . c
by A20, FUNCT_1:72
;
set t =
x - x0;
A23:
x - x0 > 0
by A15, XREAL_1:52;
take s =
(c - x0) / (x - x0);
:: thesis: ( 0 < s & s < 1 & f . x = ((Partial_Sums (Taylor f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[,x0,x)) . n) + (((((diff f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[) . (n + 1)) . (x0 + (s * (x - x0)))) * ((x - x0) |^ (n + 1))) / ((n + 1) ! )) )
c in { p where p is Real : ( x0 < p & p < x0 + (x - x0) ) }
by A20, RCOMP_1:def 2;
then A24:
ex
g being
Real st
(
g = c &
x0 < g &
g < x0 + (x - x0) )
;
then
0 < c - x0
by XREAL_1:52;
then
0 / (x - x0) < (c - x0) / (x - x0)
by A23, XREAL_1:76;
hence
0 < s
;
:: thesis: ( s < 1 & f . x = ((Partial_Sums (Taylor f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[,x0,x)) . n) + (((((diff f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[) . (n + 1)) . (x0 + (s * (x - x0)))) * ((x - x0) |^ (n + 1))) / ((n + 1) ! )) )
c - x0 < x - x0
by A24, XREAL_1:21;
then
(c - x0) / (x - x0) < (x - x0) / (x - x0)
by A23, XREAL_1:76;
hence
s < 1
by A23, XCMPLX_1:60;
:: thesis: f . x = ((Partial_Sums (Taylor f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[,x0,x)) . n) + (((((diff f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[) . (n + 1)) . (x0 + (s * (x - x0)))) * ((x - x0) |^ (n + 1))) / ((n + 1) ! ))x0 + (s * (x - x0)) =
x0 + (c - x0)
by A23, XCMPLX_1:88
.=
c
;
hence
f . x = ((Partial_Sums (Taylor f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[,x0,x)) . n) + (((((diff f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[) . (n + 1)) . (x0 + (s * (x - x0)))) * ((x - x0) |^ (n + 1))) / ((n + 1) ! ))
by A21, A22;
:: thesis: verum end; end; end;
hence
ex s being Real st
( 0 < s & s < 1 & f . x = ((Partial_Sums (Taylor f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[,x0,x)) . n) + (((((diff f,].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[) . (n + 1)) . (x0 + (s * (x - x0)))) * ((x - x0) |^ (n + 1))) / ((n + 1) ! )) )
; :: thesis: verum