let vseq be sequence of l2_Space ; :: thesis: ( vseq is Cauchy implies vseq is convergent )
assume A1:
vseq is Cauchy
; :: thesis: vseq is convergent
defpred S1[ set , set ] means ex i being Element of NAT st
( $1 = i & ex rseqi being Real_Sequence st
( ( for n being Element of NAT holds rseqi . n = (seq_id (vseq . n)) . i ) & rseqi is convergent & $2 = lim rseqi ) );
A2:
for x being set st x in NAT holds
ex y being set st
( y in REAL & S1[x,y] )
proof
let x be
set ;
:: thesis: ( x in NAT implies ex y being set st
( y in REAL & S1[x,y] ) )
assume A3:
x in NAT
;
:: thesis: ex y being set st
( y in REAL & S1[x,y] )
reconsider i =
x as
Element of
NAT by A3;
deffunc H1(
set )
-> Element of
REAL =
(seq_id (vseq . $1)) . i;
consider rseqi being
Real_Sequence such that A4:
for
n being
Element of
NAT holds
rseqi . n = H1(
n)
from SEQ_1:sch 1();
A5:
rseqi is
convergent
proof
now let e be
real number ;
:: thesis: ( e > 0 implies ex k being Element of NAT st
for m being Element of NAT st k <= m holds
abs ((rseqi . m) - (rseqi . k)) < e )assume A6:
e > 0
;
:: thesis: ex k being Element of NAT st
for m being Element of NAT st k <= m holds
abs ((rseqi . m) - (rseqi . k)) < ethus
ex
k being
Element of
NAT st
for
m being
Element of
NAT st
k <= m holds
abs ((rseqi . m) - (rseqi . k)) < e
:: thesis: verumproof
e is
Real
by XREAL_0:def 1;
then consider k being
Element of
NAT such that A7:
for
n,
m being
Element of
NAT st
n >= k &
m >= k holds
||.((vseq . n) - (vseq . m)).|| < e
by A1, A6, BHSP_3:2;
now let m be
Element of
NAT ;
:: thesis: ( k <= m implies abs ((rseqi . m) - (rseqi . k)) < e )assume A8:
k <= m
;
:: thesis: abs ((rseqi . m) - (rseqi . k)) < e
||.((vseq . m) - (vseq . k)).|| < e
by A7, A8;
then A9:
sqrt (((vseq . m) - (vseq . k)) .|. ((vseq . m) - (vseq . k))) < e
by BHSP_1:def 4;
reconsider e1 =
e as
Real by XREAL_0:def 1;
A10:
(seq_id ((vseq . m) - (vseq . k))) (#) (seq_id ((vseq . m) - (vseq . k))) is
summable
by RSSPACE:def 11, RSSPACE:def 13;
A11:
for
i being
Element of
NAT holds
0 <= ((seq_id ((vseq . m) - (vseq . k))) (#) (seq_id ((vseq . m) - (vseq . k)))) . i
then A12:
0 <= Sum ((seq_id ((vseq . m) - (vseq . k))) (#) (seq_id ((vseq . m) - (vseq . k))))
by A10, SERIES_1:21;
then A13:
0 <= sqrt (Sum ((seq_id ((vseq . m) - (vseq . k))) (#) (seq_id ((vseq . m) - (vseq . k)))))
by SQUARE_1:def 4;
sqrt (Sum ((seq_id ((vseq . m) - (vseq . k))) (#) (seq_id ((vseq . m) - (vseq . k))))) < e
by A9, Th1;
then
(sqrt (Sum ((seq_id ((vseq . m) - (vseq . k))) (#) (seq_id ((vseq . m) - (vseq . k)))))) ^2 < e1 ^2
by A13, SQUARE_1:78;
then A14:
Sum ((seq_id ((vseq . m) - (vseq . k))) (#) (seq_id ((vseq . m) - (vseq . k)))) < e * e
by A12, SQUARE_1:def 4;
A15:
(abs ((rseqi . m) - (rseqi . k))) * (abs ((rseqi . m) - (rseqi . k))) = ((seq_id ((vseq . m) - (vseq . k))) (#) (seq_id ((vseq . m) - (vseq . k)))) . i
A16:
((seq_id ((vseq . m) - (vseq . k))) (#) (seq_id ((vseq . m) - (vseq . k)))) . i <= Sum ((seq_id ((vseq . m) - (vseq . k))) (#) (seq_id ((vseq . m) - (vseq . k))))
by A10, A11, Lm1;
0 <= abs ((rseqi . m) - (rseqi . k))
by COMPLEX1:132;
then A17:
0 <= (abs ((rseqi . m) - (rseqi . k))) * (abs ((rseqi . m) - (rseqi . k)))
;
A18:
(abs ((rseqi . m) - (rseqi . k))) * (abs ((rseqi . m) - (rseqi . k))) < e * e
by A14, A15, A16, XXREAL_0:2;
A19:
sqrt ((abs ((rseqi . m) - (rseqi . k))) * (abs ((rseqi . m) - (rseqi . k)))) =
sqrt ((abs ((rseqi . m) - (rseqi . k))) ^2 )
.=
abs ((rseqi . m) - (rseqi . k))
by COMPLEX1:132, SQUARE_1:89
;
sqrt (e * e) =
sqrt (e1 ^2 )
.=
e
by A6, SQUARE_1:89
;
hence
abs ((rseqi . m) - (rseqi . k)) < e
by A17, A18, A19, SQUARE_1:95;
:: thesis: verum end;
hence
ex
k being
Element of
NAT st
for
m being
Element of
NAT st
k <= m holds
abs ((rseqi . m) - (rseqi . k)) < e
;
:: thesis: verum
end; end;
hence
rseqi is
convergent
by SEQ_4:58;
:: thesis: verum
end;
take
lim rseqi
;
:: thesis: ( lim rseqi in REAL & S1[x, lim rseqi] )
thus
(
lim rseqi in REAL &
S1[
x,
lim rseqi] )
by A4, A5;
:: thesis: verum
end;
consider f being Function of NAT ,REAL such that
A20:
for x being set st x in NAT holds
S1[x,f . x]
from FUNCT_2:sch 1(A2);
reconsider tseq = f as Real_Sequence ;
A22:
for e being Real st e > 0 holds
ex k being Element of NAT st
for n being Element of NAT st n >= k holds
( ((seq_id tseq) - (seq_id (vseq . n))) (#) ((seq_id tseq) - (seq_id (vseq . n))) is summable & Sum (((seq_id tseq) - (seq_id (vseq . n))) (#) ((seq_id tseq) - (seq_id (vseq . n)))) < e * e )
proof
let e1 be
Real;
:: thesis: ( e1 > 0 implies ex k being Element of NAT st
for n being Element of NAT st n >= k holds
( ((seq_id tseq) - (seq_id (vseq . n))) (#) ((seq_id tseq) - (seq_id (vseq . n))) is summable & Sum (((seq_id tseq) - (seq_id (vseq . n))) (#) ((seq_id tseq) - (seq_id (vseq . n)))) < e1 * e1 ) )
assume A23:
e1 > 0
;
:: thesis: ex k being Element of NAT st
for n being Element of NAT st n >= k holds
( ((seq_id tseq) - (seq_id (vseq . n))) (#) ((seq_id tseq) - (seq_id (vseq . n))) is summable & Sum (((seq_id tseq) - (seq_id (vseq . n))) (#) ((seq_id tseq) - (seq_id (vseq . n)))) < e1 * e1 )
set e =
e1 / 2;
A24:
e1 / 2
> 0
by A23, XREAL_1:217;
e1 / 2
< e1
by A23, XREAL_1:218;
then A25:
(e1 / 2) * (e1 / 2) < e1 * e1
by A24, XREAL_1:99;
consider k being
Element of
NAT such that A26:
for
n,
m being
Element of
NAT st
n >= k &
m >= k holds
||.((vseq . n) - (vseq . m)).|| < e1 / 2
by A1, A24, BHSP_3:2;
A27:
for
m,
n being
Element of
NAT st
n >= k &
m >= k holds
(
(seq_id ((vseq . n) - (vseq . m))) (#) (seq_id ((vseq . n) - (vseq . m))) is
summable &
Sum ((seq_id ((vseq . n) - (vseq . m))) (#) (seq_id ((vseq . n) - (vseq . m)))) < (e1 / 2) * (e1 / 2) & ( for
i being
Element of
NAT holds
0 <= ((seq_id ((vseq . n) - (vseq . m))) (#) (seq_id ((vseq . n) - (vseq . m)))) . i ) )
proof
let m,
n be
Element of
NAT ;
:: thesis: ( n >= k & m >= k implies ( (seq_id ((vseq . n) - (vseq . m))) (#) (seq_id ((vseq . n) - (vseq . m))) is summable & Sum ((seq_id ((vseq . n) - (vseq . m))) (#) (seq_id ((vseq . n) - (vseq . m)))) < (e1 / 2) * (e1 / 2) & ( for i being Element of NAT holds 0 <= ((seq_id ((vseq . n) - (vseq . m))) (#) (seq_id ((vseq . n) - (vseq . m)))) . i ) ) )
assume A28:
(
n >= k &
m >= k )
;
:: thesis: ( (seq_id ((vseq . n) - (vseq . m))) (#) (seq_id ((vseq . n) - (vseq . m))) is summable & Sum ((seq_id ((vseq . n) - (vseq . m))) (#) (seq_id ((vseq . n) - (vseq . m)))) < (e1 / 2) * (e1 / 2) & ( for i being Element of NAT holds 0 <= ((seq_id ((vseq . n) - (vseq . m))) (#) (seq_id ((vseq . n) - (vseq . m)))) . i ) )
||.((vseq . n) - (vseq . m)).|| < e1 / 2
by A26, A28;
then A29:
sqrt (((vseq . n) - (vseq . m)) .|. ((vseq . n) - (vseq . m))) < e1 / 2
by BHSP_1:def 4;
A30:
(seq_id ((vseq . n) - (vseq . m))) (#) (seq_id ((vseq . n) - (vseq . m))) is
summable
by RSSPACE:def 11, RSSPACE:def 13;
A31:
for
i being
Element of
NAT holds
0 <= ((seq_id ((vseq . n) - (vseq . m))) (#) (seq_id ((vseq . n) - (vseq . m)))) . i
then A32:
0 <= Sum ((seq_id ((vseq . n) - (vseq . m))) (#) (seq_id ((vseq . n) - (vseq . m))))
by A30, SERIES_1:21;
then A33:
0 <= sqrt (Sum ((seq_id ((vseq . n) - (vseq . m))) (#) (seq_id ((vseq . n) - (vseq . m)))))
by SQUARE_1:def 4;
sqrt (Sum ((seq_id ((vseq . n) - (vseq . m))) (#) (seq_id ((vseq . n) - (vseq . m))))) < e1 / 2
by A29, Th1;
then
(sqrt (Sum ((seq_id ((vseq . n) - (vseq . m))) (#) (seq_id ((vseq . n) - (vseq . m)))))) ^2 < (e1 / 2) ^2
by A33, SQUARE_1:78;
hence
(
(seq_id ((vseq . n) - (vseq . m))) (#) (seq_id ((vseq . n) - (vseq . m))) is
summable &
Sum ((seq_id ((vseq . n) - (vseq . m))) (#) (seq_id ((vseq . n) - (vseq . m)))) < (e1 / 2) * (e1 / 2) & ( for
i being
Element of
NAT holds
0 <= ((seq_id ((vseq . n) - (vseq . m))) (#) (seq_id ((vseq . n) - (vseq . m)))) . i ) )
by A31, A32, RSSPACE:def 11, RSSPACE:def 13, SQUARE_1:def 4;
:: thesis: verum
end;
A34:
for
n,
i being
Element of
NAT for
rseq being
Real_Sequence st ( for
m being
Element of
NAT holds
rseq . m = (Partial_Sums ((seq_id ((vseq . m) - (vseq . n))) (#) (seq_id ((vseq . m) - (vseq . n))))) . i ) holds
(
rseq is
convergent &
lim rseq = (Partial_Sums (((seq_id tseq) - (seq_id (vseq . n))) (#) ((seq_id tseq) - (seq_id (vseq . n))))) . i )
for
n being
Element of
NAT st
n >= k holds
(
((seq_id tseq) - (seq_id (vseq . n))) (#) ((seq_id tseq) - (seq_id (vseq . n))) is
summable &
Sum (((seq_id tseq) - (seq_id (vseq . n))) (#) ((seq_id tseq) - (seq_id (vseq . n)))) < e1 * e1 )
hence
ex
k being
Element of
NAT st
for
n being
Element of
NAT st
n >= k holds
(
((seq_id tseq) - (seq_id (vseq . n))) (#) ((seq_id tseq) - (seq_id (vseq . n))) is
summable &
Sum (((seq_id tseq) - (seq_id (vseq . n))) (#) ((seq_id tseq) - (seq_id (vseq . n)))) < e1 * e1 )
;
:: thesis: verum
end;
A59:
(seq_id tseq) (#) (seq_id tseq) is summable
tseq in the_set_of_RealSequences
by RSSPACE:def 1;
then reconsider tv = tseq as Point of l2_Space by A59, RSSPACE:def 11, RSSPACE:def 13;
for e being Real st e > 0 holds
ex m being Element of NAT st
for n being Element of NAT st n >= m holds
||.((vseq . n) - tv).|| < e
hence
vseq is convergent
by BHSP_2:9; :: thesis: verum