let n, m be Nat; :: thesis: for K being Field
for M being Matrix of m,n,K st M is without_repeated_line holds
( ( ( for i being Nat st i in Seg m holds
Line M,i <> n |-> (0. K) ) & ( for M1 being Matrix of m,n,K st ( for i being Nat st i in Seg m holds
ex a being Element of K st Line M1,i = a * (Line M,i) ) & ( for j being Nat st j in Seg n holds
Sum (Col M1,j) = 0. K ) holds
M1 = 0. K,m,n ) ) iff lines M is linearly-independent )
let K be Field; :: thesis: for M being Matrix of m,n,K st M is without_repeated_line holds
( ( ( for i being Nat st i in Seg m holds
Line M,i <> n |-> (0. K) ) & ( for M1 being Matrix of m,n,K st ( for i being Nat st i in Seg m holds
ex a being Element of K st Line M1,i = a * (Line M,i) ) & ( for j being Nat st j in Seg n holds
Sum (Col M1,j) = 0. K ) holds
M1 = 0. K,m,n ) ) iff lines M is linearly-independent )
let M be Matrix of m,n,K; :: thesis: ( M is without_repeated_line implies ( ( ( for i being Nat st i in Seg m holds
Line M,i <> n |-> (0. K) ) & ( for M1 being Matrix of m,n,K st ( for i being Nat st i in Seg m holds
ex a being Element of K st Line M1,i = a * (Line M,i) ) & ( for j being Nat st j in Seg n holds
Sum (Col M1,j) = 0. K ) holds
M1 = 0. K,m,n ) ) iff lines M is linearly-independent ) )
assume A1:
M is without_repeated_line
; :: thesis: ( ( ( for i being Nat st i in Seg m holds
Line M,i <> n |-> (0. K) ) & ( for M1 being Matrix of m,n,K st ( for i being Nat st i in Seg m holds
ex a being Element of K st Line M1,i = a * (Line M,i) ) & ( for j being Nat st j in Seg n holds
Sum (Col M1,j) = 0. K ) holds
M1 = 0. K,m,n ) ) iff lines M is linearly-independent )
thus
( ( for i being Nat st i in Seg m holds
Line M,i <> n |-> (0. K) ) & ( for M1 being Matrix of m,n,K st ( for i being Nat st i in Seg m holds
ex a being Element of K st Line M1,i = a * (Line M,i) ) & ( for j being Nat st j in Seg n holds
Sum (Col M1,j) = 0. K ) holds
M1 = 0. K,m,n ) implies lines M is linearly-independent )
:: thesis: ( lines M is linearly-independent implies ( ( for i being Nat st i in Seg m holds
Line M,i <> n |-> (0. K) ) & ( for M1 being Matrix of m,n,K st ( for i being Nat st i in Seg m holds
ex a being Element of K st Line M1,i = a * (Line M,i) ) & ( for j being Nat st j in Seg n holds
Sum (Col M1,j) = 0. K ) holds
M1 = 0. K,m,n ) ) )proof
assume that A2:
for
i being
Nat st
i in Seg m holds
Line M,
i <> n |-> (0. K)
and A3:
for
M1 being
Matrix of
m,
n,
K st ( for
i being
Nat st
i in Seg m holds
ex
a being
Element of
K st
Line M1,
i = a * (Line M,i) ) & ( for
j being
Nat st
j in Seg n holds
Sum (Col M1,j) = 0. K ) holds
M1 = 0. K,
m,
n
;
:: thesis: lines M is linearly-independent
set V =
n -VectSp_over K;
A4:
n in NAT
by ORDINAL1:def 13;
let L be
Linear_Combination of
lines M;
:: according to VECTSP_7:def 1 :: thesis: ( not Sum L = 0. (n -VectSp_over K) or Carrier L = {} )
assume A5:
Sum L = 0. (n -VectSp_over K)
;
:: thesis: Carrier L = {}
set MX =
MX2FinS M;
set LM =
L (#) (MX2FinS M);
set FLM =
FinS2MX (L (#) (MX2FinS M));
A6:
(
len M = m &
len M = len (L (#) (MX2FinS M)) )
by MATRIX_1:def 3, VECTSP_6:def 8;
then reconsider flm =
FinS2MX (L (#) (MX2FinS M)) as
Matrix of
m,
n,
K ;
A7:
for
i being
Nat st
i in Seg m holds
ex
a being
Element of
K st
Line flm,
i = a * (Line M,i)
proof
let i be
Nat;
:: thesis: ( i in Seg m implies ex a being Element of K st Line flm,i = a * (Line M,i) )
assume A8:
i in Seg m
;
:: thesis: ex a being Element of K st Line flm,i = a * (Line M,i)
Line M,
i in lines M
by A8, Th103;
then reconsider LM =
Line M,
i as
Element of
(n -VectSp_over K) ;
reconsider LLM =
L . LM as
Element of
K ;
Line M,
i = M . i
by A8, MATRIX_2:10;
then
Line flm,
i = LLM * (Line M,i)
by A6, A8, Th106;
hence
ex
a being
Element of
K st
Line flm,
i = a * (Line M,i)
;
:: thesis: verum
end;
then A10:
flm = 0. K,
m,
n
by A3, A7;
assume
Carrier L <> {}
;
:: thesis: contradiction
then consider x being
set such that A11:
x in Carrier L
by XBOOLE_0:def 1;
Carrier L c= lines M
by VECTSP_6:def 7;
then consider i being
Nat such that A12:
(
i in Seg m &
x = Line M,
i )
by A11, Th103;
consider v being
Vector of
(n -VectSp_over K) such that A13:
(
x = v &
L . v <> 0. K )
by A11, VECTSP_6:19;
reconsider LM =
Line M,
i as
Element of
n -tuples_on the
carrier of
K by A12, A13, Th102;
(
LM <> n |-> (0. K) &
len LM = n &
len (n |-> (0. K)) = n )
by A2, A12, FINSEQ_1:def 18;
then consider j being
Nat such that A14:
( 1
<= j &
j <= n &
LM . j <> (n |-> (0. K)) . j )
by FINSEQ_1:18;
A15:
j in NAT
by ORDINAL1:def 13;
then
(
j in Seg n &
dom LM = Seg n )
by A14, FINSEQ_2:144;
then
(
LM . j in rng LM &
rng LM c= the
carrier of
K )
by FUNCT_1:def 5, RELAT_1:def 19;
then reconsider LMj =
LM . j as
Element of
K ;
A16:
(
flm . i = n |-> (0. K) &
flm . i = Line flm,
i )
by A10, A12, FUNCOP_1:13, MATRIX_2:10;
(
j in Seg n &
Line M,
i = M . i )
by A12, A14, A15, MATRIX_2:10;
then
(
LM . j <> 0. K &
((L . v) * LM) . j = (L . v) * LMj &
Line flm,
i = (L . v) * LM &
(Line flm,i) . j = 0. K )
by A4, A6, A12, A13, A14, A16, Th106, FINSEQ_2:71, FVSUM_1:63;
hence
contradiction
by A13, VECTSP_1:44;
:: thesis: verum
end;
assume A17:
lines M is linearly-independent
; :: thesis: ( ( for i being Nat st i in Seg m holds
Line M,i <> n |-> (0. K) ) & ( for M1 being Matrix of m,n,K st ( for i being Nat st i in Seg m holds
ex a being Element of K st Line M1,i = a * (Line M,i) ) & ( for j being Nat st j in Seg n holds
Sum (Col M1,j) = 0. K ) holds
M1 = 0. K,m,n ) )
set V = n -VectSp_over K;
let M1 be Matrix of m,n,K; :: thesis: ( ( for i being Nat st i in Seg m holds
ex a being Element of K st Line M1,i = a * (Line M,i) ) & ( for j being Nat st j in Seg n holds
Sum (Col M1,j) = 0. K ) implies M1 = 0. K,m,n )
assume that
A19:
for i being Nat st i in Seg m holds
ex a being Element of K st Line M1,i = a * (Line M,i)
and
A20:
for j being Nat st j in Seg n holds
Sum (Col M1,j) = 0. K
; :: thesis: M1 = 0. K,m,n
consider L being Linear_Combination of lines M such that
A21:
L (#) (MX2FinS M) = M1
by A1, A19, Th108;
reconsider SumL = Sum L as Element of n -tuples_on the carrier of K by Th102;
A22:
Carrier L c= lines M
by VECTSP_6:def 7;
set n0 = n |-> (0. K);
A23:
( len SumL = n & len (n |-> (0. K)) = n )
by FINSEQ_1:def 18;
then SumL =
n |-> (0. K)
by A23, FINSEQ_1:18
.=
0. (n -VectSp_over K)
by Th102
;
then A26:
Carrier L = {}
by A17, VECTSP_7:def 1;
assume
M1 <> 0. K,m,n
; :: thesis: contradiction
then consider I, J being Nat such that
A27:
( [I,J] in Indices M1 & M1 * I,J <> (0. K,m,n) * I,J )
by MATRIX_1:28;
reconsider ii = I, jj = J as Element of NAT by ORDINAL1:def 13;
[I,J] in Indices (0. K,m,n)
by A27, MATRIX_1:27;
then A28:
M1 * I,J <> 0. K
by A27, MATRIX_3:3;
Indices M1 = Indices M
by MATRIX_1:27;
then
( Indices M1 = [:(Seg (len M)),(Seg (width M)):] & Indices M1 = [:(Seg (len M1)),(Seg (width M1)):] )
by FINSEQ_1:def 3;
then A29:
( ii in Seg (len M) & jj in Seg (width M) & jj in Seg (width M1) & len M = m )
by A27, MATRIX_1:def 3, ZFMISC_1:106;
then
( M . ii = Line M,ii & Line M,ii in lines M )
by Th103, MATRIX_2:10;
then reconsider Mii = M . ii as Element of (n -VectSp_over K) ;
A30:
(Line M,ii) . jj = M * ii,jj
by A29, MATRIX_1:def 8;
M1 * I,J =
(Line (FinS2MX (L (#) (MX2FinS M))),ii) . jj
by A21, A29, MATRIX_1:def 8
.=
((L . Mii) * (Line M,ii)) . jj
by A29, Th106
.=
(L . Mii) * (M * ii,jj)
by A29, A30, FVSUM_1:63
;
then
L . Mii <> 0. K
by A28, VECTSP_1:44;
hence
contradiction
by A26, VECTSP_6:19; :: thesis: verum