let f, g be PartFunc of REAL ,REAL ; :: thesis: for x0 being Real st ex N being Neighbourhood of x0 st
( N c= dom f & N c= dom g & f is_differentiable_on N & g is_differentiable_on N & N \ {x0} c= dom (f / g) & N c= dom ((f `| N) / (g `| N)) & f . x0 = 0 & g . x0 = 0 & (f `| N) / (g `| N) is_divergent_to+infty_in x0 ) holds
f / g is_divergent_to+infty_in x0
let x0 be Real; :: thesis: ( ex N being Neighbourhood of x0 st
( N c= dom f & N c= dom g & f is_differentiable_on N & g is_differentiable_on N & N \ {x0} c= dom (f / g) & N c= dom ((f `| N) / (g `| N)) & f . x0 = 0 & g . x0 = 0 & (f `| N) / (g `| N) is_divergent_to+infty_in x0 ) implies f / g is_divergent_to+infty_in x0 )
given N being Neighbourhood of x0 such that A0:
( N c= dom f & N c= dom g )
and
A1:
( f is_differentiable_on N & g is_differentiable_on N & N \ {x0} c= dom (f / g) & N c= dom ((f `| N) / (g `| N)) & f . x0 = 0 & g . x0 = 0 & (f `| N) / (g `| N) is_divergent_to+infty_in x0 )
; :: thesis: f / g is_divergent_to+infty_in x0
consider r being real number such that
A2:
( 0 < r & N = ].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[ )
by RCOMP_1:def 7;
A3:
r is Real
by XREAL_0:def 1;
A4:
for x being Real st x0 < x & x < x0 + r holds
ex c being Real st
( c in ].x0,x.[ & (f / g) . x = ((f `| N) / (g `| N)) . c )
proof
let x be
Real;
:: thesis: ( x0 < x & x < x0 + r implies ex c being Real st
( c in ].x0,x.[ & (f / g) . x = ((f `| N) / (g `| N)) . c ) )
assume A5:
(
x0 < x &
x < x0 + r )
;
:: thesis: ex c being Real st
( c in ].x0,x.[ & (f / g) . x = ((f `| N) / (g `| N)) . c )
A6:
f | N is
continuous
by A1, FDIFF_1:33;
A7:
g | N is
continuous
by A1, FDIFF_1:33;
B6:
N c= dom f
by A0;
A8:
x0 - r < x0
by A2, XREAL_1:46;
x0 + 0 < x0 + r
by A2, XREAL_1:10;
then
x0 in { g1 where g1 is Real : ( x0 - r < g1 & g1 < x0 + r ) }
by A8;
then A9:
x0 in ].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[
by RCOMP_1:def 2;
x0 - r < x
by A5, A8, XXREAL_0:2;
then
x in { g1 where g1 is Real : ( x0 - r < g1 & g1 < x0 + r ) }
by A5;
then
x in ].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[
by RCOMP_1:def 2;
then A11:
[.x0,x.] c= N
by A2, A9, XXREAL_2:def 12;
then X1:
[.x0,x.] c= dom f
by A0, XBOOLE_1:1;
f | [.x0,x.] is
continuous
by A6, A11, FCONT_1:17;
then A12:
((g . x) (#) f) | [.x0,x.] is
continuous
by X1, FCONT_1:21;
X2:
[.x0,x.] c= dom g
by A11, A0, XBOOLE_1:1;
then X3:
[.x0,x.] c= (dom f) /\ (dom g)
by X1, XBOOLE_1:19;
HA:
(
dom ((f . x) (#) g) = dom g &
dom ((g . x) (#) f) = dom f )
by VALUED_1:def 5;
g | [.x0,x.] is
continuous
by A11, A7, FCONT_1:17;
then
((f . x) (#) g) | [.x0,x.] is
continuous
by X2, FCONT_1:21;
then A13:
(((f . x) (#) g) - ((g . x) (#) f)) | [.x0,x.] is
continuous
by A12, X3, HA, FCONT_1:19;
A14:
dom ((g . x) (#) f) = dom f
by VALUED_1:def 5;
A15:
dom ((f . x) (#) g) = dom g
by VALUED_1:def 5;
A16:
N c= dom ((g . x) (#) f)
by B6, A14;
A17:
N c= dom ((f . x) (#) g)
by A15, A0;
A18:
].x0,x.[ c= [.x0,x.]
by XXREAL_1:25;
then A19:
].x0,x.[ c= N
by A11, XBOOLE_1:1;
A20:
f is_differentiable_on ].x0,x.[
by A1, A11, A18, FDIFF_1:34, XBOOLE_1:1;
A21:
].x0,x.[ c= dom ((g . x) (#) f)
by A16, A19, XBOOLE_1:1;
then A22:
(g . x) (#) f is_differentiable_on ].x0,x.[
by A20, FDIFF_1:28;
A23:
].x0,x.[ c= dom ((f . x) (#) g)
by A17, A19, XBOOLE_1:1;
then
].x0,x.[ c= (dom ((f . x) (#) g)) /\ (dom ((g . x) (#) f))
by A21, XBOOLE_1:19;
then A24:
].x0,x.[ c= dom (((f . x) (#) g) - ((g . x) (#) f))
by VALUED_1:12;
g is_differentiable_on ].x0,x.[
by A1, A11, A18, FDIFF_1:34, XBOOLE_1:1;
then A25:
(f . x) (#) g is_differentiable_on ].x0,x.[
by A23, FDIFF_1:28;
then A26:
((f . x) (#) g) - ((g . x) (#) f) is_differentiable_on ].x0,x.[
by A22, A24, FDIFF_1:27;
set f1 =
((f . x) (#) g) - ((g . x) (#) f);
A27:
[.x0,x.] c= dom (((f . x) (#) g) - ((g . x) (#) f))
by X3, HA, VALUED_1:12;
A28:
(
x0 in [.x0,x.] &
x in [.x0,x.] )
by A5, XXREAL_1:1;
then
(
x0 in dom (((f . x) (#) g) - ((g . x) (#) f)) &
x in dom (((f . x) (#) g) - ((g . x) (#) f)) )
by A27;
then
(
x0 in (dom ((f . x) (#) g)) /\ (dom ((g . x) (#) f)) &
x in (dom ((f . x) (#) g)) /\ (dom ((g . x) (#) f)) )
by VALUED_1:12;
then A29:
(
x0 in dom ((f . x) (#) g) &
x0 in dom ((g . x) (#) f) &
x in dom ((f . x) (#) g) &
x in dom ((g . x) (#) f) )
by XBOOLE_0:def 4;
A30:
(((f . x) (#) g) - ((g . x) (#) f)) . x0 =
(((f . x) (#) g) . x0) - (((g . x) (#) f) . x0)
by A27, A28, VALUED_1:13
.=
((f . x) * (g . x0)) - (((g . x) (#) f) . x0)
by A29, VALUED_1:def 5
.=
0 - ((g . x) * 0 )
by A1, A29, VALUED_1:def 5
.=
0
;
(((f . x) (#) g) - ((g . x) (#) f)) . x =
(((f . x) (#) g) . x) - (((g . x) (#) f) . x)
by A27, A28, VALUED_1:13
.=
((f . x) * (g . x)) - (((g . x) (#) f) . x)
by A29, VALUED_1:def 5
.=
((g . x) * (f . x)) - ((g . x) * (f . x))
by A29, VALUED_1:def 5
.=
0
;
then consider t being
Real such that A31:
(
t in ].x0,x.[ &
diff (((f . x) (#) g) - ((g . x) (#) f)),
t = 0 )
by A5, A13, A26, A30, A27, ROLLE:1;
take
t
;
:: thesis: ( t in ].x0,x.[ & (f / g) . x = ((f `| N) / (g `| N)) . t )
A32:
(f . x) (#) g is_differentiable_in t
by A25, A31, FDIFF_1:16;
(g . x) (#) f is_differentiable_in t
by A22, A31, FDIFF_1:16;
then A33:
0 = (diff ((f . x) (#) g),t) - (diff ((g . x) (#) f),t)
by A31, A32, FDIFF_1:22;
A34:
g is_differentiable_in t
by A1, A19, A31, FDIFF_1:16;
f is_differentiable_in t
by A1, A19, A31, FDIFF_1:16;
then
0 = (diff ((f . x) (#) g),t) - ((g . x) * (diff f,t))
by A33, FDIFF_1:23;
then A35:
0 = ((f . x) * (diff g,t)) - ((g . x) * (diff f,t))
by A34, FDIFF_1:23;
[.x0,x.] \ {x0} c= N \ {x0}
by A11, XBOOLE_1:33;
then A36:
[.x0,x.] \ {x0} c= dom (f / g)
by A1, XBOOLE_1:1;
then A37:
[.x0,x.] \ {x0} c= (dom f) /\ ((dom g) \ (g " {0 }))
by RFUNCT_1:def 4;
(dom f) /\ ((dom g) \ (g " {0 })) c= (dom g) \ (g " {0 })
by XBOOLE_1:17;
then A38:
[.x0,x.] \ {x0} c= (dom g) \ (g " {0 })
by A37, XBOOLE_1:1;
not
x in {x0}
by A5, TARSKI:def 1;
then A39:
x in [.x0,x.] \ {x0}
by A28, XBOOLE_0:def 5;
then A40:
(
x in dom g & not
x in g " {0 } )
by A38, XBOOLE_0:def 5;
A42:
[.x0,x.] c= dom ((f `| N) / (g `| N))
by A1, A11, XBOOLE_1:1;
then A43:
[.x0,x.] c= (dom (f `| N)) /\ ((dom (g `| N)) \ ((g `| N) " {0 }))
by RFUNCT_1:def 4;
(dom (f `| N)) /\ ((dom (g `| N)) \ ((g `| N) " {0 })) c= (dom (g `| N)) \ ((g `| N) " {0 })
by XBOOLE_1:17;
then A44:
[.x0,x.] c= (dom (g `| N)) \ ((g `| N) " {0 })
by A43, XBOOLE_1:1;
A45:
t in [.x0,x.]
by A18, A31;
then A46:
(
t in dom (g `| N) & not
t in (g `| N) " {0 } )
by A44, XBOOLE_0:def 5;
then
(f . x) / (g . x) = (diff f,t) / (diff g,t)
by A35, A41, XCMPLX_1:95;
then
(f . x) * ((g . x) " ) = (diff f,t) / (diff g,t)
by XCMPLX_0:def 9;
then
(f . x) * ((g . x) " ) = (diff f,t) * ((diff g,t) " )
by XCMPLX_0:def 9;
then
(f / g) . x = (diff f,t) * ((diff g,t) " )
by A36, A39, RFUNCT_1:def 4;
then
(f / g) . x = ((f `| N) . t) * ((diff g,t) " )
by A1, A11, A45, FDIFF_1:def 8;
then
(f / g) . x = ((f `| N) . t) * (((g `| N) . t) " )
by A1, A11, A45, FDIFF_1:def 8;
hence
(
t in ].x0,x.[ &
(f / g) . x = ((f `| N) / (g `| N)) . t )
by A31, A42, A45, RFUNCT_1:def 4;
:: thesis: verum
end;
for r1, r2 being Real st r1 < x0 & x0 < r2 holds
ex g1, g2 being Real st
( r1 < g1 & g1 < x0 & g1 in dom (f / g) & g2 < r2 & x0 < g2 & g2 in dom (f / g) )
by A1, Th4;
then A47:
( ( for r1 being Real st x0 < r1 holds
ex t being Real st
( t < r1 & x0 < t & t in dom (f / g) ) ) & ( for r1 being Real st r1 < x0 holds
ex t being Real st
( r1 < t & t < x0 & t in dom (f / g) ) ) )
by LIMFUNC3:8;
for a being Real_Sequence st a is convergent & lim a = x0 & rng a c= (dom (f / g)) /\ (right_open_halfline x0) holds
(f / g) /* a is divergent_to+infty
proof
let a be
Real_Sequence;
:: thesis: ( a is convergent & lim a = x0 & rng a c= (dom (f / g)) /\ (right_open_halfline x0) implies (f / g) /* a is divergent_to+infty )
assume A48:
(
a is
convergent &
lim a = x0 &
rng a c= (dom (f / g)) /\ (right_open_halfline x0) )
;
:: thesis: (f / g) /* a is divergent_to+infty
then consider k being
Element of
NAT such that A49:
for
n being
Element of
NAT st
k <= n holds
(
x0 - r < a . n &
a . n < x0 + r )
by A2, A3, LIMFUNC3:7;
set a1 =
a ^\ k;
defpred S1[
Element of
NAT ,
real number ]
means ( $2
in ].x0,((a ^\ k) . $1).[ &
(((f / g) /* a) ^\ k) . $1
= ((f `| N) / (g `| N)) . $2 );
A52:
for
n being
Element of
NAT ex
c being
Real st
S1[
n,
c]
proof
let n be
Element of
NAT ;
:: thesis: ex c being Real st S1[n,c]
(
x0 < (a ^\ k) . n &
(a ^\ k) . n < x0 + r )
by A50;
then consider c being
Real such that A53:
(
c in ].x0,((a ^\ k) . n).[ &
(f / g) . ((a ^\ k) . n) = ((f `| N) / (g `| N)) . c )
by A4;
take
c
;
:: thesis: S1[n,c]
A54:
(dom (f / g)) /\ (right_open_halfline x0) c= dom (f / g)
by XBOOLE_1:17;
then A55:
rng a c= dom (f / g)
by A48, XBOOLE_1:1;
rng (a ^\ k) c= rng a
by VALUED_0:21;
then
((f / g) /* (a ^\ k)) . n = ((f `| N) / (g `| N)) . c
by A53, A55, FUNCT_2:185, XBOOLE_1:1;
hence
S1[
n,
c]
by A48, A53, A54, VALUED_0:27, XBOOLE_1:1;
:: thesis: verum
end;
consider b being
Real_Sequence such that A56:
for
n being
Element of
NAT holds
S1[
n,
b . n]
from FUNCT_2:sch 3(A52);
reconsider d =
NAT --> x0 as
Real_Sequence ;
A58:
lim d =
d . 0
by SEQ_4:41
.=
x0
by FUNCOP_1:13
;
A59:
(
a ^\ k is
convergent &
lim (a ^\ k) = x0 )
by A48, SEQ_4:33;
then A61:
b is
convergent
by A58, A59, SEQ_2:33;
A62:
lim b = x0
by A58, A59, A60, SEQ_2:34;
A63:
x0 - r < x0
by A2, XREAL_1:46;
x0 < x0 + r
by A2, XREAL_1:31;
then
x0 in { g2 where g2 is Real : ( x0 - r < g2 & g2 < x0 + r ) }
by A63;
then A64:
x0 in ].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[
by RCOMP_1:def 2;
A65:
rng b c= (dom ((f `| N) / (g `| N))) \ {x0}
proof
let x be
set ;
:: according to TARSKI:def 3 :: thesis: ( not x in rng b or x in (dom ((f `| N) / (g `| N))) \ {x0} )
assume
x in rng b
;
:: thesis: x in (dom ((f `| N) / (g `| N))) \ {x0}
then consider n being
Element of
NAT such that A66:
x = b . n
by FUNCT_2:190;
A67:
(
x0 < (a ^\ k) . n &
(a ^\ k) . n < x0 + r )
by A50;
A68:
x in ].x0,((a ^\ k) . n).[
by A56, A66;
then
x in { g1 where g1 is Real : ( x0 < g1 & g1 < (a ^\ k) . n ) }
by RCOMP_1:def 2;
then A69:
ex
g1 being
Real st
(
g1 = x &
x0 < g1 &
g1 < (a ^\ k) . n )
;
A70:
].x0,((a ^\ k) . n).[ c= [.x0,((a ^\ k) . n).]
by XXREAL_1:25;
x0 - r < (a ^\ k) . n
by A63, A67, XXREAL_0:2;
then
(a ^\ k) . n in { g3 where g3 is Real : ( x0 - r < g3 & g3 < x0 + r ) }
by A67;
then
(a ^\ k) . n in ].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[
by RCOMP_1:def 2;
then
[.x0,((a ^\ k) . n).] c= ].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[
by A64, XXREAL_2:def 12;
then
].x0,((a ^\ k) . n).[ c= ].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[
by A70, XBOOLE_1:1;
then A71:
].x0,((a ^\ k) . n).[ c= dom ((f `| N) / (g `| N))
by A1, A2, XBOOLE_1:1;
not
x in {x0}
by A69, TARSKI:def 1;
hence
x in (dom ((f `| N) / (g `| N))) \ {x0}
by A68, A71, XBOOLE_0:def 5;
:: thesis: verum
end;
A72:
(dom ((f `| N) / (g `| N))) \ {x0} c= dom ((f `| N) / (g `| N))
by XBOOLE_1:36;
A73:
((f `| N) / (g `| N)) /* b is
divergent_to+infty
by A1, A61, A62, A65, LIMFUNC3:def 2;
then
((f / g) /* a) ^\ k is
divergent_to+infty
by A73, LIMFUNC1:69;
hence
(f / g) /* a is
divergent_to+infty
by LIMFUNC1:34;
:: thesis: verum
end;
then A74:
f / g is_right_divergent_to+infty_in x0
by A47, LIMFUNC2:def 5;
A75:
for x being Real st x0 - r < x & x < x0 holds
ex c being Real st
( c in ].x,x0.[ & (f / g) . x = ((f `| N) / (g `| N)) . c )
proof
let x be
Real;
:: thesis: ( x0 - r < x & x < x0 implies ex c being Real st
( c in ].x,x0.[ & (f / g) . x = ((f `| N) / (g `| N)) . c ) )
assume A76:
(
x0 - r < x &
x < x0 )
;
:: thesis: ex c being Real st
( c in ].x,x0.[ & (f / g) . x = ((f `| N) / (g `| N)) . c )
A77:
f | N is
continuous
by A1, FDIFF_1:33;
A79:
x0 - r < x0
by A2, XREAL_1:46;
A80:
x0 + 0 < x0 + r
by A2, XREAL_1:10;
then
x0 in { g1 where g1 is Real : ( x0 - r < g1 & g1 < x0 + r ) }
by A79;
then A81:
x0 in ].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[
by RCOMP_1:def 2;
x < x0 + r
by A76, A80, XXREAL_0:2;
then
x in { g1 where g1 is Real : ( x0 - r < g1 & g1 < x0 + r ) }
by A76;
then
x in ].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[
by RCOMP_1:def 2;
then A83:
[.x,x0.] c= N
by A2, A81, XXREAL_2:def 12;
then XX:
(
[.x,x0.] c= dom f &
[.x,x0.] c= dom g )
by A0, XBOOLE_1:1;
f | [.x,x0.] is
continuous
by A77, A83, FCONT_1:17;
then A84:
((g . x) (#) f) | [.x,x0.] is
continuous
by XX, FCONT_1:21;
HA:
(
dom ((f . x) (#) g) = dom g &
dom ((g . x) (#) f) = dom f )
by VALUED_1:def 5;
then D85:
dom (((f . x) (#) g) - ((g . x) (#) f)) = (dom f) /\ (dom g)
by VALUED_1:12;
then B85:
[.x,x0.] c= dom (((f . x) (#) g) - ((g . x) (#) f))
by XX, XBOOLE_1:19;
g | N is
continuous
by A1, FDIFF_1:33;
then
g | [.x,x0.] is
continuous
by A83, FCONT_1:17;
then
((f . x) (#) g) | [.x,x0.] is
continuous
by XX, FCONT_1:21;
then A85:
(((f . x) (#) g) - ((g . x) (#) f)) | [.x,x0.] is
continuous
by A84, D85, B85, HA, FCONT_1:19;
A86:
dom ((g . x) (#) f) = dom f
by VALUED_1:def 5;
A87:
dom ((f . x) (#) g) = dom g
by VALUED_1:def 5;
A88:
N c= dom ((g . x) (#) f)
by A86, A0;
A89:
N c= dom ((f . x) (#) g)
by A87, A0;
A90:
].x,x0.[ c= [.x,x0.]
by XXREAL_1:25;
then A91:
].x,x0.[ c= N
by A83, XBOOLE_1:1;
A92:
f is_differentiable_on ].x,x0.[
by A1, A83, A90, FDIFF_1:34, XBOOLE_1:1;
A93:
].x,x0.[ c= dom ((g . x) (#) f)
by A88, A91, XBOOLE_1:1;
then A94:
(g . x) (#) f is_differentiable_on ].x,x0.[
by A92, FDIFF_1:28;
A95:
].x,x0.[ c= dom ((f . x) (#) g)
by A89, A91, XBOOLE_1:1;
then
].x,x0.[ c= (dom ((f . x) (#) g)) /\ (dom ((g . x) (#) f))
by A93, XBOOLE_1:19;
then A96:
].x,x0.[ c= dom (((f . x) (#) g) - ((g . x) (#) f))
by VALUED_1:12;
g is_differentiable_on ].x,x0.[
by A1, A83, A90, FDIFF_1:34, XBOOLE_1:1;
then A97:
(f . x) (#) g is_differentiable_on ].x,x0.[
by A95, FDIFF_1:28;
then A98:
((f . x) (#) g) - ((g . x) (#) f) is_differentiable_on ].x,x0.[
by A94, A96, FDIFF_1:27;
set f1 =
((f . x) (#) g) - ((g . x) (#) f);
A99:
[.x,x0.] c= dom (((f . x) (#) g) - ((g . x) (#) f))
by B85;
A100:
(
x0 in [.x,x0.] &
x in [.x,x0.] )
by A76, XXREAL_1:1;
then
(
x0 in dom (((f . x) (#) g) - ((g . x) (#) f)) &
x in dom (((f . x) (#) g) - ((g . x) (#) f)) )
by A99;
then
(
x0 in (dom ((f . x) (#) g)) /\ (dom ((g . x) (#) f)) &
x in (dom ((f . x) (#) g)) /\ (dom ((g . x) (#) f)) )
by VALUED_1:12;
then A101:
(
x0 in dom ((f . x) (#) g) &
x0 in dom ((g . x) (#) f) &
x in dom ((f . x) (#) g) &
x in dom ((g . x) (#) f) )
by XBOOLE_0:def 4;
A102:
(((f . x) (#) g) - ((g . x) (#) f)) . x0 =
(((f . x) (#) g) . x0) - (((g . x) (#) f) . x0)
by A99, A100, VALUED_1:13
.=
((f . x) * (g . x0)) - (((g . x) (#) f) . x0)
by A101, VALUED_1:def 5
.=
0 - ((g . x) * 0 )
by A1, A101, VALUED_1:def 5
.=
0
;
(((f . x) (#) g) - ((g . x) (#) f)) . x =
(((f . x) (#) g) . x) - (((g . x) (#) f) . x)
by A99, A100, VALUED_1:13
.=
((f . x) * (g . x)) - (((g . x) (#) f) . x)
by A101, VALUED_1:def 5
.=
((g . x) * (f . x)) - ((g . x) * (f . x))
by A101, VALUED_1:def 5
.=
0
;
then consider t being
Real such that A103:
(
t in ].x,x0.[ &
diff (((f . x) (#) g) - ((g . x) (#) f)),
t = 0 )
by A76, A85, A98, A102, A99, ROLLE:1;
take
t
;
:: thesis: ( t in ].x,x0.[ & (f / g) . x = ((f `| N) / (g `| N)) . t )
A104:
(f . x) (#) g is_differentiable_in t
by A97, A103, FDIFF_1:16;
(g . x) (#) f is_differentiable_in t
by A94, A103, FDIFF_1:16;
then A105:
0 = (diff ((f . x) (#) g),t) - (diff ((g . x) (#) f),t)
by A103, A104, FDIFF_1:22;
A106:
g is_differentiable_in t
by A1, A91, A103, FDIFF_1:16;
f is_differentiable_in t
by A1, A91, A103, FDIFF_1:16;
then
0 = (diff ((f . x) (#) g),t) - ((g . x) * (diff f,t))
by A105, FDIFF_1:23;
then A107:
0 = ((f . x) * (diff g,t)) - ((g . x) * (diff f,t))
by A106, FDIFF_1:23;
[.x,x0.] \ {x0} c= N \ {x0}
by A83, XBOOLE_1:33;
then A108:
[.x,x0.] \ {x0} c= dom (f / g)
by A1, XBOOLE_1:1;
then A109:
[.x,x0.] \ {x0} c= (dom f) /\ ((dom g) \ (g " {0 }))
by RFUNCT_1:def 4;
(dom f) /\ ((dom g) \ (g " {0 })) c= (dom g) \ (g " {0 })
by XBOOLE_1:17;
then A110:
[.x,x0.] \ {x0} c= (dom g) \ (g " {0 })
by A109, XBOOLE_1:1;
not
x in {x0}
by A76, TARSKI:def 1;
then A111:
x in [.x,x0.] \ {x0}
by A100, XBOOLE_0:def 5;
then A112:
(
x in dom g & not
x in g " {0 } )
by A110, XBOOLE_0:def 5;
A114:
[.x,x0.] c= dom ((f `| N) / (g `| N))
by A1, A83, XBOOLE_1:1;
then A115:
[.x,x0.] c= (dom (f `| N)) /\ ((dom (g `| N)) \ ((g `| N) " {0 }))
by RFUNCT_1:def 4;
(dom (f `| N)) /\ ((dom (g `| N)) \ ((g `| N) " {0 })) c= (dom (g `| N)) \ ((g `| N) " {0 })
by XBOOLE_1:17;
then A116:
[.x,x0.] c= (dom (g `| N)) \ ((g `| N) " {0 })
by A115, XBOOLE_1:1;
A117:
t in [.x,x0.]
by A90, A103;
then A118:
(
t in dom (g `| N) & not
t in (g `| N) " {0 } )
by A116, XBOOLE_0:def 5;
then
(f . x) / (g . x) = (diff f,t) / (diff g,t)
by A107, A113, XCMPLX_1:95;
then
(f . x) * ((g . x) " ) = (diff f,t) / (diff g,t)
by XCMPLX_0:def 9;
then
(f . x) * ((g . x) " ) = (diff f,t) * ((diff g,t) " )
by XCMPLX_0:def 9;
then
(f / g) . x = (diff f,t) * ((diff g,t) " )
by A108, A111, RFUNCT_1:def 4;
then
(f / g) . x = ((f `| N) . t) * ((diff g,t) " )
by A1, A83, A117, FDIFF_1:def 8;
then
(f / g) . x = ((f `| N) . t) * (((g `| N) . t) " )
by A1, A83, A117, FDIFF_1:def 8;
hence
(
t in ].x,x0.[ &
(f / g) . x = ((f `| N) / (g `| N)) . t )
by A103, A114, A117, RFUNCT_1:def 4;
:: thesis: verum
end;
for a being Real_Sequence st a is convergent & lim a = x0 & rng a c= (dom (f / g)) /\ (left_open_halfline x0) holds
(f / g) /* a is divergent_to+infty
proof
let a be
Real_Sequence;
:: thesis: ( a is convergent & lim a = x0 & rng a c= (dom (f / g)) /\ (left_open_halfline x0) implies (f / g) /* a is divergent_to+infty )
assume A119:
(
a is
convergent &
lim a = x0 &
rng a c= (dom (f / g)) /\ (left_open_halfline x0) )
;
:: thesis: (f / g) /* a is divergent_to+infty
then consider k being
Element of
NAT such that A120:
for
n being
Element of
NAT st
k <= n holds
(
x0 - r < a . n &
a . n < x0 + r )
by A2, A3, LIMFUNC3:7;
set a1 =
a ^\ k;
defpred S1[
Element of
NAT ,
real number ]
means ( $2
in ].((a ^\ k) . $1),x0.[ &
(((f / g) /* a) ^\ k) . $1
= ((f `| N) / (g `| N)) . $2 );
A123:
for
n being
Element of
NAT ex
c being
Real st
S1[
n,
c]
proof
let n be
Element of
NAT ;
:: thesis: ex c being Real st S1[n,c]
(
x0 - r < (a ^\ k) . n &
(a ^\ k) . n < x0 )
by A121;
then consider c being
Real such that A124:
(
c in ].((a ^\ k) . n),x0.[ &
(f / g) . ((a ^\ k) . n) = ((f `| N) / (g `| N)) . c )
by A75;
take
c
;
:: thesis: S1[n,c]
A125:
(dom (f / g)) /\ (left_open_halfline x0) c= dom (f / g)
by XBOOLE_1:17;
then A126:
rng a c= dom (f / g)
by A119, XBOOLE_1:1;
rng (a ^\ k) c= rng a
by VALUED_0:21;
then
((f / g) /* (a ^\ k)) . n = ((f `| N) / (g `| N)) . c
by A124, A126, FUNCT_2:185, XBOOLE_1:1;
hence
S1[
n,
c]
by A119, A124, A125, VALUED_0:27, XBOOLE_1:1;
:: thesis: verum
end;
consider b being
Real_Sequence such that A127:
for
n being
Element of
NAT holds
S1[
n,
b . n]
from FUNCT_2:sch 3(A123);
reconsider d =
NAT --> x0 as
Real_Sequence ;
A129:
lim d =
d . 0
by SEQ_4:41
.=
x0
by FUNCOP_1:13
;
A130:
(
a ^\ k is
convergent &
lim (a ^\ k) = x0 )
by A119, SEQ_4:33;
then A132:
b is
convergent
by A129, A130, SEQ_2:33;
A133:
lim b = x0
by A129, A130, A131, SEQ_2:34;
A134:
x0 - r < x0
by A2, XREAL_1:46;
A135:
x0 < x0 + r
by A2, XREAL_1:31;
then
x0 in { g2 where g2 is Real : ( x0 - r < g2 & g2 < x0 + r ) }
by A134;
then A136:
x0 in ].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[
by RCOMP_1:def 2;
A137:
rng b c= (dom ((f `| N) / (g `| N))) \ {x0}
proof
let x be
set ;
:: according to TARSKI:def 3 :: thesis: ( not x in rng b or x in (dom ((f `| N) / (g `| N))) \ {x0} )
assume
x in rng b
;
:: thesis: x in (dom ((f `| N) / (g `| N))) \ {x0}
then consider n being
Element of
NAT such that A138:
x = b . n
by FUNCT_2:190;
A139:
(
x0 - r < (a ^\ k) . n &
(a ^\ k) . n < x0 )
by A121;
A140:
x in ].((a ^\ k) . n),x0.[
by A127, A138;
then
x in { g1 where g1 is Real : ( (a ^\ k) . n < g1 & g1 < x0 ) }
by RCOMP_1:def 2;
then A141:
ex
g1 being
Real st
(
g1 = x &
(a ^\ k) . n < g1 &
g1 < x0 )
;
A142:
].((a ^\ k) . n),x0.[ c= [.((a ^\ k) . n),x0.]
by XXREAL_1:25;
(a ^\ k) . n < x0 + r
by A135, A139, XXREAL_0:2;
then
(a ^\ k) . n in { g3 where g3 is Real : ( x0 - r < g3 & g3 < x0 + r ) }
by A139;
then
(a ^\ k) . n in ].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[
by RCOMP_1:def 2;
then
[.((a ^\ k) . n),x0.] c= ].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[
by A136, XXREAL_2:def 12;
then
].((a ^\ k) . n),x0.[ c= ].(x0 - r),(x0 + r).[
by A142, XBOOLE_1:1;
then A143:
].((a ^\ k) . n),x0.[ c= dom ((f `| N) / (g `| N))
by A1, A2, XBOOLE_1:1;
not
x in {x0}
by A141, TARSKI:def 1;
hence
x in (dom ((f `| N) / (g `| N))) \ {x0}
by A140, A143, XBOOLE_0:def 5;
:: thesis: verum
end;
A144:
(dom ((f `| N) / (g `| N))) \ {x0} c= dom ((f `| N) / (g `| N))
by XBOOLE_1:36;
A145:
((f `| N) / (g `| N)) /* b is
divergent_to+infty
by A1, A132, A133, A137, LIMFUNC3:def 2;
then
((f / g) /* a) ^\ k is
divergent_to+infty
by A145, LIMFUNC1:69;
hence
(f / g) /* a is
divergent_to+infty
by LIMFUNC1:34;
:: thesis: verum
end;
then
f / g is_left_divergent_to+infty_in x0
by A47, LIMFUNC2:def 2;
hence
f / g is_divergent_to+infty_in x0
by A74, LIMFUNC3:15; :: thesis: verum