let k be Element of NAT ; :: thesis: for X being non empty set st 0 < k & k + 1 c= card X holds
G_ k,X is Desarguesian
let X be non empty set ; :: thesis: ( 0 < k & k + 1 c= card X implies G_ k,X is Desarguesian )
assume A1:
( 0 < k & k + 1 c= card X )
; :: thesis: G_ k,X is Desarguesian
then A2:
k - 1 is Element of NAT
by NAT_1:20;
let o, b1, a1, b2, a2, b3, a3, r, s, t be POINT of (G_ k,X); :: according to INCPROJ:def 19 :: thesis: for b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7, b8, b9 being Element of the Lines of (G_ k,X) holds
( not {o,b1,a1} on b1 or not {o,a2,b2} on b2 or not {o,a3,b3} on b3 or not {a3,a2,t} on b4 or not {a3,r,a1} on b5 or not {a2,s,a1} on b6 or not {t,b2,b3} on b7 or not {b1,r,b3} on b8 or not {b1,s,b2} on b9 or not b1,b2,b3 are_mutually_different or o = a1 or o = a2 or o = a3 or o = b1 or o = b2 or o = b3 or a1 = b1 or a2 = b2 or a3 = b3 or ex b10 being Element of the Lines of (G_ k,X) st {r,s,t} on b10 )
let C1, C2, C3, A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3 be LINE of (G_ k,X); :: thesis: ( not {o,b1,a1} on C1 or not {o,a2,b2} on C2 or not {o,a3,b3} on C3 or not {a3,a2,t} on A1 or not {a3,r,a1} on A2 or not {a2,s,a1} on A3 or not {t,b2,b3} on B1 or not {b1,r,b3} on B2 or not {b1,s,b2} on B3 or not C1,C2,C3 are_mutually_different or o = a1 or o = a2 or o = a3 or o = b1 or o = b2 or o = b3 or a1 = b1 or a2 = b2 or a3 = b3 or ex b1 being Element of the Lines of (G_ k,X) st {r,s,t} on b1 )
A3:
the Points of (G_ k,X) = { A where A is Subset of X : card A = k }
by A1, Def1;
A4:
the Lines of (G_ k,X) = { L where L is Subset of X : card L = k + 1 }
by A1, Def1;
o in the Points of (G_ k,X)
;
then consider o1 being Subset of X such that
A5:
( o1 = o & card o1 = k )
by A3;
a1 in the Points of (G_ k,X)
;
then consider a11 being Subset of X such that
A6:
( a11 = a1 & card a11 = k )
by A3;
a2 in the Points of (G_ k,X)
;
then consider a12 being Subset of X such that
A7:
( a12 = a2 & card a12 = k )
by A3;
a3 in the Points of (G_ k,X)
;
then consider a13 being Subset of X such that
A8:
( a13 = a3 & card a13 = k )
by A3;
b1 in the Points of (G_ k,X)
;
then consider b11 being Subset of X such that
A9:
( b11 = b1 & card b11 = k )
by A3;
b2 in the Points of (G_ k,X)
;
then consider b12 being Subset of X such that
A10:
( b12 = b2 & card b12 = k )
by A3;
b3 in the Points of (G_ k,X)
;
then consider b13 being Subset of X such that
A11:
( b13 = b3 & card b13 = k )
by A3;
C1 in the Lines of (G_ k,X)
;
then consider C11 being Subset of X such that
A12:
( C11 = C1 & card C11 = k + 1 )
by A4;
C2 in the Lines of (G_ k,X)
;
then consider C12 being Subset of X such that
A13:
( C12 = C2 & card C12 = k + 1 )
by A4;
C3 in the Lines of (G_ k,X)
;
then consider C13 being Subset of X such that
A14:
( C13 = C3 & card C13 = k + 1 )
by A4;
assume A15:
( {o,b1,a1} on C1 & {o,a2,b2} on C2 & {o,a3,b3} on C3 & {a3,a2,t} on A1 & {a3,r,a1} on A2 & {a2,s,a1} on A3 & {t,b2,b3} on B1 & {b1,r,b3} on B2 & {b1,s,b2} on B3 & C1,C2,C3 are_mutually_different & o <> a1 & o <> a2 & o <> a3 & o <> b1 & o <> b2 & o <> b3 & a1 <> b1 & a2 <> b2 & a3 <> b3 )
; :: thesis: ex b1 being Element of the Lines of (G_ k,X) st {r,s,t} on b1
then A16:
( o on C1 & b1 on C1 & a1 on C1 & o on C2 & a2 on C2 & b2 on C2 & o on C3 & a3 on C3 & b3 on C3 & a3 on A1 & a2 on A1 & t on A1 & a3 on A2 & r on A2 & a1 on A2 & a2 on A3 & s on A3 & a1 on A3 & t on B1 & b2 on B1 & b3 on B1 & b1 on B2 & r on B2 & b3 on B2 & b1 on B3 & s on B3 & b2 on B3 )
by INCSP_1:12;
then A17:
( {o,a1} on C1 & {o,a2} on C2 & {o,a3} on C3 & {a2,a3} on A1 & {a1,a3} on A2 & {a1,a2} on A3 & {a1,b1} on C1 & {a2,b2} on C2 & {a3,b3} on C3 & {o,b1} on C1 & {o,b2} on C2 & {o,b3} on C3 & {b2,b3} on B1 & {b1,b3} on B2 & {b1,b2} on B3 )
by INCSP_1:11;
A18:
( C1 <> C2 & C2 <> C3 & C1 <> C3 )
by A15, ZFMISC_1:def 5;
A19:
( o c= C1 & b1 c= C1 & a1 c= C1 & o c= C2 & a2 c= C2 & b2 c= C2 & o c= C3 & a3 c= C3 & b3 c= C3 & a3 c= A1 & a2 c= A1 & t c= A1 & a3 c= A2 & r c= A2 & a1 c= A2 & a2 c= A3 & s c= A3 & a1 c= A3 & t c= B1 & b2 c= B1 & b3 c= B1 & b1 c= B2 & r c= B2 & b3 c= B2 & b1 c= B3 & s c= B3 & b2 c= B3 )
by A1, A16, Th10;
( not a1 on B2 & not a2 on B3 & not a3 on B1 )
proof
assume
(
a1 on B2 or
a2 on B3 or
a3 on B1 )
;
:: thesis: contradiction
then
(
{a1,b1} on B2 or
{a2,b2} on B3 or
{a3,b3} on B1 )
by A16, INCSP_1:11;
then
(
b3 on C1 or
b1 on C2 or
b2 on C3 )
by A15, A16, A17, INCSP_1:def 10;
then
(
{o,b3} on C1 or
{o,b1} on C2 or
{o,b2} on C3 )
by A16, INCSP_1:11;
hence
contradiction
by A15, A17, A18, INCSP_1:def 10;
:: thesis: verum
end;
then A20:
( not a1 c= B2 & not a2 c= B3 & not a3 c= B1 )
by A1, Th10;
then consider z1 being set such that
A21:
( z1 in a1 & not z1 in B2 )
by TARSKI:def 3;
consider z2 being set such that
A22:
( z2 in a2 & not z2 in B3 )
by A20, TARSKI:def 3;
consider z3 being set such that
A23:
( z3 in a3 & not z3 in B1 )
by A20, TARSKI:def 3;
A24:
( A1 <> B1 & A2 <> B2 & A3 <> B3 )
by A19, A21, A22, A23;
A25:
( not o on A1 & not o on B1 & not o on A2 & not o on B2 & not o on A3 & not o on B3 )
proof
assume
(
o on A1 or
o on B1 or
o on A2 or
o on B2 or
o on A3 or
o on B3 )
;
:: thesis: contradiction
then
( (
{o,a2} on A1 &
{o,a3} on A1 ) or (
{o,b2} on B1 &
{o,b3} on B1 ) or (
{o,a1} on A2 &
{o,a3} on A2 ) or (
{o,b1} on B2 &
{o,b3} on B2 ) or (
{o,a2} on A3 &
{o,a1} on A3 ) or (
{o,b2} on B3 &
{o,b1} on B3 ) )
by A16, INCSP_1:11;
then
( (
A1 = C2 &
A1 = C3 ) or (
B1 = C2 &
B1 = C3 ) or (
A2 = C1 &
A2 = C3 ) or (
B2 = C1 &
B2 = C3 ) or (
A3 = C2 &
A3 = C1 ) or (
B3 = C2 &
B3 = C1 ) )
by A15, A17, INCSP_1:def 10;
hence
contradiction
by A15, ZFMISC_1:def 5;
:: thesis: verum
end;
then consider salpha being POINT of (G_ k,X) such that
A26:
( salpha on A3 & salpha on B3 & salpha = (a1 /\ b1) \/ (a2 /\ b2) )
by A1, A16, A18, A24, Th12;
consider ralpha being POINT of (G_ k,X) such that
A27:
( ralpha on B2 & ralpha on A2 & ralpha = (a1 /\ b1) \/ (a3 /\ b3) )
by A1, A16, A18, A24, A25, Th12;
consider talpha being POINT of (G_ k,X) such that
A28:
( talpha on A1 & talpha on B1 & talpha = (a2 /\ b2) \/ (a3 /\ b3) )
by A1, A16, A18, A24, A25, Th12;
A29:
( r = ralpha & s = salpha & t = talpha )
proof
assume A30:
(
r <> ralpha or
s <> salpha or
t <> talpha )
;
:: thesis: contradiction
(
{r,ralpha} on A2 &
{r,ralpha} on B2 &
{s,salpha} on A3 &
{s,salpha} on B3 &
{t,talpha} on A1 &
{t,talpha} on B1 )
by A16, A26, A27, A28, INCSP_1:11;
hence
contradiction
by A24, A30, INCSP_1:def 10;
:: thesis: verum
end;
r in the Points of (G_ k,X)
;
then consider r1 being Subset of X such that
A31:
( r1 = r & card r1 = k )
by A3;
s in the Points of (G_ k,X)
;
then consider s1 being Subset of X such that
A32:
( s1 = s & card s1 = k )
by A3;
t in the Points of (G_ k,X)
;
then consider t1 being Subset of X such that
A33:
( t1 = t & card t1 = k )
by A3;
( a1 \/ b1 c= C1 & a2 \/ b2 c= C2 & a3 \/ b3 c= C3 )
by A19, XBOOLE_1:8;
then
( k + 1 c= card (a1 \/ b1) & card (a1 \/ b1) c= k + 1 & k + 1 c= card (a2 \/ b2) & card (a2 \/ b2) c= k + 1 & k + 1 c= card (a3 \/ b3) & card (a3 \/ b3) c= k + 1 )
by A6, A7, A8, A9, A10, A11, A12, A13, A14, A15, Th1, CARD_1:27;
then A34:
( card (a1 \/ b1) = (k - 1) + (2 * 1) & card (a2 \/ b2) = (k - 1) + (2 * 1) & card (a3 \/ b3) = (k - 1) + (2 * 1) & card a1 = (k - 1) + 1 & card a2 = (k - 1) + 1 & card a3 = (k - 1) + 1 & card b1 = (k - 1) + 1 & card b2 = (k - 1) + 1 & card b3 = (k - 1) + 1 )
by A6, A7, A8, A9, A10, A11, XBOOLE_0:def 10;
then A35:
( card (a1 /\ b1) = k - 1 & card (a2 /\ b2) = k - 1 & card (a3 /\ b3) = k - 1 )
by A2, Th2;
r \/ s = (((a3 /\ b3) \/ (a1 /\ b1)) \/ (a1 /\ b1)) \/ (a2 /\ b2)
by A26, A27, A29, XBOOLE_1:4;
then
r \/ s = ((a3 /\ b3) \/ ((a1 /\ b1) \/ (a1 /\ b1))) \/ (a2 /\ b2)
by XBOOLE_1:4;
then
( r \/ s = ((a1 /\ b1) \/ (a3 /\ b3)) \/ (a2 /\ b2) & (a3 /\ b3) \/ (a2 /\ b2) c= (a1 /\ b1) \/ ((a3 /\ b3) \/ (a2 /\ b2)) & ((a1 /\ b1) \/ (a3 /\ b3)) \/ (a2 /\ b2) = (a1 /\ b1) \/ ((a3 /\ b3) \/ (a2 /\ b2)) )
by XBOOLE_1:4, XBOOLE_1:7;
then A36:
(r \/ s) \/ t = ((a1 /\ b1) \/ (a3 /\ b3)) \/ (a2 /\ b2)
by A28, A29, XBOOLE_1:12;
A37:
not k = 1
proof
assume A38:
k = 1
;
:: thesis: contradiction
then consider z1 being
set such that A39:
o = {z1}
by A5, CARD_2:60;
consider z2 being
set such that A40:
a1 = {z2}
by A6, A38, CARD_2:60;
consider z3 being
set such that A41:
b1 = {z3}
by A9, A38, CARD_2:60;
A42:
card {z1,z2,z3} = 3
by A15, A39, A40, A41, CARD_2:77;
o \/ a1 c= C1
by A19, XBOOLE_1:8;
then
(o \/ a1) \/ b1 c= C1
by A19, XBOOLE_1:8;
then
{z1,z2} \/ b1 c= C1
by A39, A40, ENUMSET1:41;
then
{z1,z2,z3} c= C1
by A41, ENUMSET1:43;
then
( 3
c= card C1 &
card C1 = 2 )
by A12, A38, A42, CARD_1:27;
hence
contradiction
by NAT_1:40;
:: thesis: verum
end;
0 + 1 < k + 1
by A1, XREAL_1:10;
then
1 <= (k - 1) + 1
by NAT_1:13;
then
( 1 <= k - 1 or k = 1 )
by A2, NAT_1:8;
then A43:
( 1 + 1 <= (k - 1) + 1 or k = 1 )
by XREAL_1:8;
then
( k = 2 or 2 <= k - 1 )
by A2, A37, NAT_1:8;
then A44:
( k = 2 or 2 + 1 <= (k - 1) + 1 )
by XREAL_1:8;
A45:
k - 2 is Element of NAT
by A37, A43, NAT_1:21;
( card ((a1 /\ b1) \/ (a3 /\ b3)) = (k - 2) + (2 * 1) & card (a1 /\ b1) = (k - 2) + 1 & card ((a1 /\ b1) \/ (a2 /\ b2)) = (k - 2) + (2 * 1) & card (a2 /\ b2) = (k - 2) + 1 & card ((a2 /\ b2) \/ (a3 /\ b3)) = (k - 2) + (2 * 1) & card (a3 /\ b3) = (k - 2) + 1 )
by A2, A26, A27, A28, A29, A31, A32, A33, A34, Th2;
then A46:
( card ((a1 /\ b1) /\ (a3 /\ b3)) = k - 2 & card ((a2 /\ b2) /\ (a3 /\ b3)) = k - 2 & card ((a1 /\ b1) /\ (a2 /\ b2)) = k - 2 )
by A45, Th2;
( r \/ s c= X & k = card k )
by A31, A32, XBOOLE_1:8;
then A47:
( (r \/ s) \/ t c= X & r is finite & s is finite & t is finite )
by A31, A32, A33, XBOOLE_1:8;
( r c= r \/ (s \/ t) & s c= s \/ (r \/ t) & t c= t \/ (r \/ s) & r \/ (s \/ t) is finite )
by A47, XBOOLE_1:7;
then A48:
( r c= (r \/ s) \/ t & s c= (r \/ s) \/ t & t c= (r \/ s) \/ t & (r \/ s) \/ t is finite )
by XBOOLE_1:4;
A49:
( k = 2 implies ex O being LINE of (G_ k,X) st {r,s,t} on O )
proof
assume
k = 2
;
:: thesis: ex O being LINE of (G_ k,X) st {r,s,t} on O
then
card ((r \/ s) \/ t) = k + 1
by A35, A36, A46, Th7;
then
(r \/ s) \/ t in the
Lines of
(G_ k,X)
by A4, A47;
then consider O being
LINE of
(G_ k,X) such that A50:
O = (r \/ s) \/ t
;
(
r on O &
s on O &
t on O )
by A1, A48, A50, Th10;
then
{r,s,t} on O
by INCSP_1:12;
hence
ex
O being
LINE of
(G_ k,X) st
{r,s,t} on O
;
:: thesis: verum
end;
( 3 <= k implies ex O being LINE of (G_ k,X) st {r,s,t} on O )
proof
assume A51:
3
<= k
;
:: thesis: ex O being LINE of (G_ k,X) st {r,s,t} on O
A52:
(
card ((r \/ s) \/ t) = k + 1 implies ex
O being
LINE of
(G_ k,X) st
{r,s,t} on O )
proof
assume
card ((r \/ s) \/ t) = k + 1
;
:: thesis: ex O being LINE of (G_ k,X) st {r,s,t} on O
then
(r \/ s) \/ t in the
Lines of
(G_ k,X)
by A4, A47;
then consider O being
LINE of
(G_ k,X) such that A53:
O = (r \/ s) \/ t
;
(
r on O &
s on O &
t on O )
by A1, A48, A53, Th10;
then
{r,s,t} on O
by INCSP_1:12;
hence
ex
O being
LINE of
(G_ k,X) st
{r,s,t} on O
;
:: thesis: verum
end;
(
card ((r \/ s) \/ t) = k implies ex
O being
LINE of
(G_ k,X) st
{r,s,t} on O )
proof
assume
card ((r \/ s) \/ t) = k
;
:: thesis: ex O being LINE of (G_ k,X) st {r,s,t} on O
then
(
r = (r \/ s) \/ t &
s = (r \/ s) \/ t &
t = (r \/ s) \/ t )
by A31, A32, A33, A48, CARD_FIN:1;
then
{r,s,t} on A1
by A16, INCSP_1:12;
hence
ex
O being
LINE of
(G_ k,X) st
{r,s,t} on O
;
:: thesis: verum
end;
hence
ex
O being
LINE of
(G_ k,X) st
{r,s,t} on O
by A35, A36, A43, A46, A51, A52, Th7;
:: thesis: verum
end;
hence
ex b1 being Element of the Lines of (G_ k,X) st {r,s,t} on b1
by A44, A49; :: thesis: verum